The Four Organic Molecules Necessary for Life · Lipids (Fats) Fats look like this to us: Lipids...
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MACROMOLECULES NOTES The world looks very different when we examine it on the molecular level. Bread is made of rings, and butter is made of chains. Organic Molecule: any molecule that contains carbon . Carbon can form many types of molecules with covalent bonds Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers. Many monomers bonded together = a polymer Monomers are the individual subunits. Polymers are made of many monomers. The Four Organic Molecules Necessary for Life Organic Molecule Monomer Example Carbohydrate Glucose (sugar) Bread, Cellulose (wood), Chitin Lipid Fatty Acid Butter, Oil, Wax, Cell Membrane Protein Amino Acid Meat, Enzymes, Hormones Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNA You need to know the monomer of every organic molecule. CARBOHYDRATES The monomers are monosaccharides (single sugars) Glucose is a single sugar. Many glucose bonded together makes a carbohydrate. Purpose: Short term energy One Glucose Molecule Plants make glucose (sugar) out of CO 2 in the air. The main reason we eat food is to obtain glucose. Bread is a carbohydrate. It is made of glucose monomers joined together. Many Glucose joined together =
Transcript of The Four Organic Molecules Necessary for Life · Lipids (Fats) Fats look like this to us: Lipids...
MACROMOLECULES NOTES
The world looks very different when we examine it on the molecular level. Bread is made of rings, and butter is made of chains. Organic Molecule: any molecule that contains carbon.
Carbon can form many types of molecules with covalent bonds
Macromolecules are large organic molecules made up of smaller subunits called monomers. Many monomers bonded together = a polymerMonomers are the individual subunits.Polymers are made of many monomers.
The Four Organic Molecules Necessary for Life
Organic Molecule Monomer Example
Carbohydrate Glucose (sugar) Bread, Cellulose (wood), Chitin
Lipid Fatty Acid Butter, Oil, Wax, Cell Membrane
Protein Amino Acid Meat, Enzymes, Hormones
Nucleic Acid Nucleotide DNAYou need to know the monomer of every organic molecule.
CARBOHYDRATESThe monomers are monosaccharides (single sugars)Glucose is a single sugar. Many glucose bonded together makes a carbohydrate.Purpose: Short term energy One Glucose Molecule
Plants make glucose (sugar) out of CO2 in the air.
The main reason we eat food is to obtain glucose.
Bread is a carbohydrate. It is made of glucose monomers joined together.
Many Glucose joined together
=
Examples of Carbohydrates:
This crab shell is made of chitin (glucose joined together.)
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Insect exoskeletons are also made of chitin.
Wood is made of glucose joined together (cellulose)
=
Humans don't use glucose for structure like insects or plants do, we break it apart to help create ATP (the energy carrying molecule).
Lipids (Fats)Fats look like this to us:
Lipids are made of long chains of carbon. The monomers are glycerol & fatty acidsBelow are 3 fatty acids joined by a glycerol backbone. Each long chain of carbons is a fatty acid.
Saturated and unsaturated fats are lipids
Lipids are nonpolar & do not dissolve in water
Purpose:Store energy for long periodsmain component of cell membranes
Examples: Phospholipids: found in cell membranes waxes: waterproof feathers cholesterol & steroids
ProteinProteins are polymers of amino acid monomers.Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.
Twenty different types of Amino Acids
One Amino Acid
The linked amino acids coil up into a 3D shape
One protein is made of dozens or even hundreds of amino acids.
← This is one protein.Protein isn't just something in muscles, proteins are tiny machines. Some proteins cut things apart to help you digest food, other proteins combine things together and make your fingernails grow.
Nucleic Acid
DNA is a nucleic acid. (That's what the NA stands for: DeoxyriboNucleic Acid)
DNA stores genetic information. It is the blueprint for building proteins, and consequently your entire body.
Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides .You have 3.2 billion nucleotides in your DNA.
Nucleotides are made of a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
