The Five-Day War in the Caucasus

7/31/2019 The Five-Day War in the Caucasus

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Yck Fbvk(Il Zlr be yckMl{ml}{}

Le Be|{br Beyd yck _lybdel`by df Jkdrjbl} Lyylmn de ]d{yc D}}kybl

A{`bk Jril`

Hl}ykr} yck}b} Ikwlryhkey df Wd`bybml` ]mbkemk

YCK [EBVK_]BYR DF D]@D

Ale{lr ?772


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?

Lmnedz`kijkhkey}

B zd{ì `bnk yd yclen h }{wkrvb}dr Leikr} Naòkrj fdr {}kf{` mdhhkey}

kemd{rljkhkey lei cb} f`ksbob`by rkjlribej yck ybhk lei w`lmk df d{r ib}m{}}bde}%

B zd{ì l`}d `bnk yd yclen Ck`jk O`lnnb}r{i ly E[WB fdr ylnbej yck ybhk yd ib}m{}} h

yck}b} }{oakmy ly yck bebybl` }yljk df h zdrn%

H jrlyby{ik ydzlri} h frbkei Hlje{} Yc{k b} befbebyk% Cb} mrbybml` rkhlrn}

j{bilemk lei k}wkmbl`` cb} kemd{rljkhkey} clvk hlik yck zdrn zbyc ycb} yck}b}

kl}bkr%

H iklr Mkqlr Qlvlyk ik}krvk} l obj h{ {hk}m fdr cb} kemd{rljkhkey} lei ykmcebml`

}{wwdry%

Fbel`` B zd{ì `bnk yd yclen hlhhl lei wlwwl fdr okbej yck ok}y wlrkey} be yck

zdrì% Ycb} yck}b} b} ikibmlyki yd yckh%


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=

Mdeykey}

LMNEDZ@KIJKHKEY]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%? MDEYKEY] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%=


4/99

9

?%9%9 Wrkfkrkemk}$ wldff} %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?=?%9%; _{`k} df yck jlhk %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?9

?%; YRWD@DJR DF JLHK]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?9?%;%


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;

9% Y_LIBYBDEL@ JLHK YCKD_KYBML@ LEL@R]B]%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%979%


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6


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:

ycly zkrk hdrk bhwdryley ycle yck ib}livleyljk} df ycb} ikmb}bde% Bf by zl} ljlbe}y yck

Jkdrjble beykrk}y} yd lyylmn lfykr zkbjcbej yck okekfby} ljlbe}y yck md}y} yck le}zkr

yd zc by clwwkeki }cd{ì ok }klrmcki fdr zbyc ledyckr lwwrdlmc ycle yck rlybdel` dek

B {}k ckrk%

Yckrk b} }yb`` jrkly mdef{}bde lod{y zcd rkl`` }ylryki ycb} zlr% ]dhk rk}klrmckr}

lhdej yckh Ihbyrb Yrkebe ycben ycly Jkdrjbl }ky {w l }yrlykjbm yrlw fdr _{}}bl zbyc

by} lyylmn #Yrkebe ?773l" lei ycly yck _{}}ble md{eykrlyylmn zl} kswkmyki lei zleyki

be Yob`b}b% Dyckr} lrk mdevbemki ycly Jkdrjbl o lyylmnbej zkey }yrlbjcy beyd l yrlw

_{}}bl cli }ky {w lei ycly _{}}bl zleyki ycb} l} l wrkyksy yd lyylmn Jkdrjbl% B }cl``

edy jd beyd ikylb`} lod{y zcly yck flmy} lrk lei yck rbjcy beykrwrkylybde df yck}k jbvke

ycly ycb} b} edy yck lbh df h yck}b}%

B }cl`` be}ykli ok }klrmcbej fdr hdybvk} ycly hlnk yck Jkdrjble hdvk df lyylmnbej

rlybdel`% Ycb} idk} edy hkle ycly B zb`` fbei yck yr{k hdybvlybde} okcbei yck lyylmn% B

mleedy wrdvk ycly yck rkl}de} B fbei zkrk yck dek} ycly lmy{l`` `ki Jkdrjbl yd zljk

zlr% B lh edy }kknbej yd k}ylo`b}c l ml{}l` `ben be ycb} yck}b}% H lbh b} yd wrk}key

cwdyck}k} df wd}}bo`k rlybdel` hdybvlybde} okcbei Jkdrjbl} ikmb}bde yd lyylmn% B id

edy beykei yd mdhk {w zbyc ikfbebyk le}zkr}%

B zley yd }y{i yck wkrmkbvki {yb`by yd Jkdrjbl df lyylmnbej ]d{yc D}}kybl lei }kk bf

ycb} zl} df }{mc vl`{k ycly le lyylmn md{ì ok {eikr}yddi be l wkr}wkmybvk zckrk

lmydr} okclvk lmmdribej yd zcly b} be yckbr wkrmkbvki beykrk}y% Bf yck Jkdrjble

`klikr}cbw lmyki be yck zl by ycd{jcy zl} ok}y yd wrdhdyk by} wkrmkbvki beykrk}y} yck

le}zkr yd h rk}klrmc |{k}ybde rkjlribej yck rlybdel`by df yck lyylmn zb`` ok wd}bybvk%

Yck fbr}y rk}klrmc |{k}ybde rk|{brk} l k}$ed le}zkr% Be yck }klrmc fdr ycb} le}zkr B

zb`` }y{i ibffkrkey lrkel} df beykrk}y} lei wdzkr jlhk} ycly }cd{ì ml}y `bjcy de odyc

Jkdrjble lei _{}}ble beykrk}y} lei okclvbd{r% Ly yck }lhk ybhk ycb} zb`` jbvk le

le}zkr yd yck }kmdei rk}klrmc |{k}ybde% B }cl`` ksw`drk ibffkrkey wd}}bo`k rkl}de}


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3

okcbei yck Jkdrjble lyylmn% B ycben ycb} b} df jrkly vl`{k ly l ybhk zckrk beykrelybdel`

wdzkr rk`lybde} }kkh yd mclejk lei zckrk _{}}bl b} ylnbej de l `lrjkr rd`k yd yck

ikyrbhkey df by} }hl``kr ekbjcod{r} lei l`}d yd yck ikyrbhkey df yck K[ lei yck []%


9/99

2

rkl`b}y Cle} Hdrjkeycl{ }lbi ycly yck be|{brbk} df wd`bybml` }mbkeyb}y} dfyke ib}lwwklr

beyd yck yrbvbl` yck fdrhl` yck hkycdid`djbml` yck w{rk` yckdrkybml` yck rkhdyk`

cb}ydrbml` be }cdry yck wd`bybml`` brrk`kvley #Hdrjkeycl{


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B }y{i yck lmydr} yckbr }yrlykjbk} lei yckbr wrkfkrkemk }yr{my{rk} rk`lyki yd yck

l`ykrelybvk d{ymdhk}% B `ddn ly yck rlybdel` }d`{ybde yd yck jlhk lei }kk zckyckr ycb}

fby} yck }by{lybde be rkl`by%

Be mclwykr fbvk B ksykei yck lel`}b} df yck Jkdrjble hdvk lei by} kvkey{l` rlybdel`

ksw`lelybde o `ddnbej ly fd{r dyckr jlhk} ycly hbjcy ok df rk`kvlemk yd yck jlhk df

]d{yc D}}kybl% B lel`qk zckyckr beykrk}y} lei wrkfkrkemk} be ycd}k ekz jlhk} hbjcy

bef`{kemk de yck wrkfkrkemk} lei yc{} yck mcdbmk df }yrlykj be yck hlbe jlhk% Bf yck

clvk le kffkmy yck hbjcy mdeyrbo{yk yd yck rlybdel` ksw`lelybde df Jkdrjbl} lyylmn

de ]d{yc D}}kybl%

Be mclwykr }bs B }{h {w yck fbeibej} df h yzd(fd`iki lel`}b} lei B le}zkr yck

rk}klrmc |{k}ybde} ol}ki de h fbeibej}%


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?7


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? yck ycbri

mleedy #I{`kol ?773"%

Yck fbr}y lsbdh b} ycly _{}}bl zley} l j`dol` e{m`klr wlryekr}cbw zbyc yck []% Yck

}kk yck yzd }ylyk} l} j`dol` j{lrleydr}% _{}}bl b} fr{}yrlyki okml{}k by b} edy m{rrkey`

yrklyki l} le k|{l` j`dol` lmydr l`ycd{jc by idk} edy id{oy ycly by b}% Yck wlryekr}cbw

zl} {eikrhbeki zcke yck [] zbycirkz frdh yck Leyb(Ol``b}ybm Hb}}b`k #LOH" yrkly

lfykr ]kwykhokr


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==

mdhh{eb|{ df Edvkhokr : ?77< ycly yck frdh edz de zd{`i hlnk adbey ikmb}bde}

lod{y K{rdwkle }km{rby #bobi%"%

Wrk}bikey W{ybe rkli ycb} l} l wrdhb}k ycly yckrk zd{`i ok ed ekz Nd}dvd be yck }ke}k

df l ycbri wlry lww`bej fdrmk de yck wd}y(]dvbky ykrrbydr #bobi%"% Yck bevl}bde df

Jkdrjbl clwwkeki zbycd{y _{}}bl }kknbej beykrelybdel` }{wwdry lei zbycd{y

lwd`djbqbej be yck lfykrhlyc df ycb} {eb`lykrl` hdvk% Kvke bf yck Nd}dvd dwkrlybde

mdei{myki o yck Zk}y be


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=9

=%9 Jkdrjble fdrkbje lei }km{rby wd`bm

=%9%< Yck }km{rby doakmybvk} df yck Jkdrjble Fdrkbje Wd`bm

]yrlykj%

Be by} Elybdel` ]km{rby Mdemkwy yck Jkdrjble jdvkrehkey d{y`bek} fdr yck fbr}y

ybhk }bemk Jkdrjbl} beikwkeikemk be


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=;

]llnl}cvb`b zcd cl} okke kljkr` zdrnbej ydzlri} Jkdrjble ELYD(hkhokr}cbw

}bemk ck mlhk yd wdzkr frdey} ycb} wrd(Ly`leybm lyyby{ik% Ck cl} rkwklyki` }lbi ycly

yck hlbe jdl` df cb} fdrkbje wd`bm b} yd adbe ELYD l} }dde l} wd}}bo`k #Zk`y De`bek

?773"% Mddwkrlybde okyzkke Jkdrjbl lei ELYD cl} ikvk`dwki }bemk


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=6

Yck ?=ri

wlrljrlwc df yck }{hhby ikm`lrlybde zcbmc }ylyki ycly Jkdrjbl lei [nrlbek

zb`` okmdhk hkhokr} df ELYD zl} }kke l} le bhwdryley }ykw l`ycd{jc yck `lmn df l

ybhk frlhk `klvk} ELYD zbyc jrkly frkkidh df lmybde% By zl} l`}d }ylyki ckrk ycly yck

wd}}bob`by df jbvbej Jkdrjbl l HLW zd{ì ok ib}m{}}ki lekz ly yck ELYD hkkybej

df fdrkbje hbeb}ykr} be Ikmkhokr ?773 #ELYD ?773m"%

=%; Yck frdqke mdef bmy be ]d{yc D}}kybl

=%;%< Frdqke mdef`bmy

Yck }d(ml``ki frdqke mdef`bmy} lrk le beykrk}ybej wckedhkede% Cdzkvkr yck clvk

rkmkbvki rk`lybvk` `byy`k lyykeybde {eyb` edz odyc be yck hkibl lei df }mcd`lr}% Yck

Fbvk(Il} Zlr dvkr ]d{yc D}}kybl cl} ord{jcy yck zdrì} lyykeybde yd yck}k wdykeybl`

cdy }wdy}% L`ycd{jc yck dek be ]d{yc D}}kybl b} hd}y be fdm{} yck dyckr df K{rdwk}

frdqke mdef`bmy} lrk edz l`}d rkmkbvbej hdrk lyykeybde% Frdqke mdef`bmy} lrk zlr} yclyclvk okke }kyy`ki edy ycrd{jc wklmk ikl`} o{y }bhw` o frkkqbej klmc dyckr}

wd}bybde} #Wkky ?773"% Hle }mcd`lr} dwwd}k yck edybde df frdqke mdef`bmy} okml{}k

by jbvk} yck bhwrk}}bde df mdef`bmy} zckrk edycbej hdvk}% Yck rkl`by b} dfyke ycly

yck}k lrkl} lrk odb`bej zbyc wd`bybml` hdvkhkey #Mdwwbkykr} ky l`% ?779"%

Be yck wd}y(]dvbky lrkl yckrk lrk fd{r frdqke mdef`bmy}% Ok}bik} yck yzd be Jkdrjbl

yckrk b} dek be Eljdred(Nlrlolnc #Lqkrolbale" lei dek be Yrle}eb}yrbl #Hdìdvl"%

Dek bhwdryley rkl}de zc yck ik}krvk hdrk lyykeybde b} ycly yck frdqke mdef`bmy}

clvk l el}y cloby df y{rebej cdy #bobi%"% Yck cd}yb`bybk} be ]d{yc D}}kybl zkrk edy le

ksmkwybdel` kvkey rlyckr l mdefbrhlybde df yck r{`k% By zl} yck lhw`bfbmlybde lei yck

zbik(rlejbej rk}{`y} df _{}}bl} beykrvkeybde ycly hlik ycb} ml}k }ylei d{y% By b} cbjc`

wrdolo`k ycly yck zlr be ]d{yc D}}kybl lei yck }{o}k|{key _{}}ble rkmdjebybde df yck

beikwkeikemk df Lonclqbl lei ]d{yc D}}kybl zb`` clvk le kffkmy de yck yzd dyckr


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=:

wd}y(]dvbky frdqke mdef`bmy} {eikr _{}}ble bef`{kemk #_libd Frkk K{rdwk$_libd

@bokry ?773"%

_{}}bl cl} jkekrl`` }{wwdryki yck }kmk}}bdeb}y keybybk} be yck wd}y(]dvbky lrkl

okml{}k by cl} okke be yckbr beykrk}y yd nkkw yck mdef`bmy} frdqke% Yck clvk dfyke {}ki

ycb} }by{lybde yd ksykei mdeyrd` dvkr elybdel` jdvkrehkey}% _{}}bl} rd`k ydzlri} yck

frdqke mdef`bmy} be Jkdrjbl lei Hd`idvl cl} edy okke yck }lhk ycrd{jcd{y yck klr}%

Ly ybhk} yckrk clvk okke wkrbdi} df rlwwrdmckhkey} df yck _{}}ble `klikr}cbw

ydzlri} yck yzd md{eyrbk} jdvkrehkey}% Ycb} mle ok ksw`lbeki o _{}}bl} dze

idhk}ybm ycrkly} df }kmk}}bdeb}h% Wlrybm{`lr` be yck


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=3

lfykr yck ]{wrkhk ]dvbky df Jkdrjbl hlik Jkdrjble yck dffbmbl` `lej{ljk df ]d{yc

D}}kybl be L{j{}y df ycly klr% Yck fbjcybej `l}y} fdr ycrkk hdeyc} lei lrd{ei l

ycd{}lei wkdw`k lrk nb``ki% Lod{y


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=2

Mddwkrlybde be K{rdwk #D]MK" bebyblyk} yl`n} okyzkke yck }kmk}}bdeb}y} lei Jkdrjbl

o{y yck}k orkln idze be Dmydokr df ycly klr #bobi%"%

Be Hlrmc ?773 lfykr yck Zk}y} rkmdjebybde df Nd}dvd} beikwkeikemk be Fkor{lr

]d{yc D}}kybl lei Lonclqbl l}n} yd ok k|{l`` yrklyki% _{}}bl} wlr`blhkey {rjk} yck

Nrkh`be yd f{`fb` ycb} rk|{k}y okml{}k df Jkdrjbl} |{k}y fdr ELYD hkhokr}cbw% Be

Lwrb`, l Jkdrjble ikl` de wdzkr }clrbej b} rkakmyki o ]d{yc D}}kybl zcd zb`` de`

}kyy`k fdr mdhw`kyk beikwkeikemk% Be L{j{}y fbjcybej okyzkke yck }kwlrlyb}y} lei

Jkdrjbl rkmdhhkemk #bobi%" lei Jkdrjbl `l{emck} yck hb`bylr lyylmn de ]d{yc

D}}kybl ycly rk}{`y} be yck Fbvk(Il Zlr zbyc _{}}bl%

=%6 ]{hhlr

Be ycb} mclwykr B clvk yrbki yd w`lmk yck Fbvk(Il Zlr okyzkke Jkdrjbl lei _{}}bl

beyd by} jkdwd`bybml` mdeyksy% B fbr}y `ddnki ly O{qle lei Zvkr} lmmd{ey fdr yck

}km{rby hkmcleb}h} be yck wd}y(]dvbky _kjbdel` ]km{rby Mdhw`ks #_]M" lei yck}{orkjbde df yck Ml{ml}{} lei by} ]d{yckre lei Edryckre mde}yby{key}% Zcly b} hd}y

bhwdryley b} yck {e|{k}ybdelo` idhbeley wd}bybde df _{}}bl be yck rkjbde lei

wlrybm{`lr` _{}}bl} rd`k be }{}ylbebej yck wd}y(]dvbky frdqke mdef`bmy}% L`ycd{jc B

{}ki O{qle lei Zvkr} wrk}keylybde df yck _]M B zb`` edy {}k yckbr _]M yckdr be

h lel`}b}% Eksy B `ddnki ly ycrkk lsbdh} be _{}}ble Fdrkbje lei ]km{rby wd`bm%

Ycrkly} yd yck}k lsbdh} lrk }kke l} rkl}de} zc _{}}bl cl} rkylnke l }mkwybml`

lwwrdlmc ydzlri} yck Zk}y% Ycke B `ddnki ly yck hlbe doakmybvk} df Jkdrjble Fdrkbje

lei ]km{rby wd`bm zbyc le khwcl}b} de Jkdrjbl} ELYD l}wbrlybde}% Fbel`` B

ksw`lbeki yck mdemkwy df frdqke mdef`bmy} lei jlvk le dvkrvbkz df hlbe kvkey} be

yck ]d{yc D}}kyble rkmkey cb}ydr% B clvk be dyckr zdri} jbvke l flmy{l` olmnjrd{ei yd

h lel`}b} zcbmc }ylry} be yck eksy mclwykr%


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97

9% Yrlibybdel` jlhk yckdrkybml` lel`}b}

9%< Beyrdi{mybde

Be ycb} mclwykr B }cl`` fbr}y lel`}k yck ibffkrkey l}wkmy} df yck jlhk df ]d{yc D}}kybl

lei ikfbek zcly ywk df jlhk by b}% B }cl`` ycke wrdmkki o `ddnbej m`d}kr ly yck lmydr}

ibffkrkey }yrlykjbk} yckbr wrkfkrkemk} yck wd}}bo`k d{ymdhk} df lei yck }d`{ybde yd yck

jlhk% Ycke B }cl`` }kkn yd le}zkr h rk}klrmc |{k}ybde l} yd zckyckr by zl} rlybdel`

fdr Jkdrjbl yd lyylmn jbvke yckbr wrkfkrkemk} be yck jlhk df ]d{yc D}}kybl% Kvkrjlhk yckdrkybml` ykrh {}ki be ycb} mclwykr cl} l`rkli okke ksw`lbeki be yck

yckdrkybml` dvkrvbkz be mclwykr ? lei zb`` edy ok rkwklyki ckrk%

9%? Yck jlhk df ]d{yc D}}kybl

9%?%< W`lkr}

B mcdd}k yd lel`qk ycb} l} l yzd(wkr}de jlhk zckrk yck lmydr} lrk _{}}bl lei

Jkdrjbl% B id edy ycben ycly by b} ekmk}}lr yd yrkly ]d{yc D}}kybl l} l w`lkr be ycb}

jlhk kvke bf yck zlr zl} fd{jcy dvkr yckbr ykrrbydr lei yck ]d{yc D}}kyble} w`lki

yckbr wlry be yck d{yorkln lei yck mdeybe{lybde df yck zlr% Yck a{}ybfbmlybde fdr nkkwbej

yckh d{y df yck lel`}b} b} wrbhlrb` ycly yck lrk edy be l wd}bybde yd hlnk ikmb}bde}

ycly mclejk yck jlhk% L} B }kk by yckbr ikmb}bde} lei lmybde} be yck irlhl lffkmyki

ekbyckr yck Jkdrjble edr yck _{}}ble wrkfkrkemk }yr{my{rk% Ycly yck Jkdrjble} rkfkrrki

yd ]d{yc D}}kyble lyylmn} de yckbr mbybqke} l} l rkl}de l} yd zc yck be rky{re

lyylmnki b} edy }{ffbmbkey rkl}de yd lihby ]d{yc D}}kybl l} l w`lkr%

Ledyckr rkl}de kvke ycd{jc B fbei yck fbr}y dek }{ffbmbkey b} ycly by }kkh} lrybfbmbl` yd

}kwlrlyk ]d{yc D}}kybl frdh _{}}bl yck lrk de yck }lhk yklh% ]d{yc D}}kyble} lrk

wrd(Hd}mdz% Be yck ]dvbky [ebde yck D}}kyble} cli le l{ydedhd{} rkjbde zbycbe


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9 by zl} de` l |{k}ybde df cdz lei zcke% By

idk} edy }kkh `bnk yck Zk}y rkl`bqki yd zcly ksykey yck cli ib}y{roki yck _{}}ble

oklr%

Be ycb} `bjcy yck Jkdrjble lyylmn zl} yck wkrfkmy dwwdry{eby fdr _{}}bl yd rkmdefbrh

by} idhbelemk df by} eklr lordli lei yd }kei l hk}}ljk yd yck Zk}y }cdzbej zcly

clwwke} zcke _{}}bl} dwbebde b} edy ylnke beyd i{k mde}bikrlybde% L`` yck}k

ib}lwwdbeyhkey} dvkr yck Zk}y lrk `bnk` yd clvk hdybvlyki yck _{}}ble} yd bevlik

Jkdrjbl yd hbrrdr yck


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::

{elmmkwylo`k Olnkr rkw`bki B ljrkk #Ndokr ?7731?"% Yck kl}yzlri kswle}bde} df

yck ELYD zkrk vbd`lybde} df ycb} [] wrdhb}k lei l _{}}ble rk}wde}k yd ycb} cl}

okke kswkmyki fdr l `dej ybhk%

Yck [] edz fklr} ycly yck ekz }yrdej lei edy }d frbkei` _{}}bl zb`` }ylry {}bej by}

bef`{kemk hdek kekrj rk}d{rmk} by} vkyd be yck [E ]km{rby Md{emb` lei by} lrh}

bei{}yr yd {eikrhbek [] beykrk}y} zdrìzbik #Ekz Rdrn Ybhk} ?773o"% Be dyckr

zdri} yck [] b} lfrlbi ycly _{}}bl b} yrbej yd mclejk yck beykrelybdel` drikr lei

hdrk bhwdryley` ycly yck clvk yck mlwlmby yd }{mmkki% Yck wdykeybl` b} obj

okml{}k ly yck kei df yck il yck lrk yck ckjkhde be ycly rkjbde lei zk lrk edy lei

ycly} l flmy }l} [] wrdfk}}dr lei }wkmbl`b}y ly ]ylefdri Hbmclk` HmFl{`% Cb}

md``klj{k ly Jkdrjkydze Ir% Lejk`l ]ykey ljrkk}% ]ck }l} ycly brdebml`` }bemk yck

md``lw}k df yck ]dvbky [ebde yckrk} l`zl} okke yck mdemkre lod{y _{}}bl okmdhbej

l }wdb`kr lei edz zk md{ì }kk yck rkl`bqlybde df ycly #bobi%"%

Hle lel`}y} clvk l} Hl}cl @bwhle ly yck Mlrekjbk Hd}mdz Mkeykr wdbeyki yd yck

flmy ycly yck [] ekki} l `dy hdrk frdh _{}}bl ycle yck dyckr zl rd{ei% Ycb} hbjcy

hkle ycly _{}}bl cl} yck {wwkr clei% Bhwdryley kslhw`k} }ck hkeybde} lrk yck zdrn

yd }km{rk yck dì ]dvbky e{m`klr lrh} }{wwdry fdr yck [] zlrflrk be Lfjcleb}yle lei

hlnbej Brle lei Edryc Ndrkl jbvk {w e{m`klr wrdjrlh} #bobi%"% Ledyckr wdbey yd lii

yd ycly `b}y b} _{}}bl} kekrj rk}d{rmk} l} _{}}bl b} le ksyrkhk` bhwdryley kekrj

}{ww`bkr yd K{rdwk% Lmmdribej yd lel`}y Lilr Wrbhdr by b} id{oyf{` yck Jkdrjble

wrk}bikey mle md{ey de l `dy df }{wwdry frdh yck [] lei K{rdwk okml{}k df yck}k

beykrk}y} #Wrbhdr ?773"% Yck Jkdrjble lwwlrkey beyke}bde} df beykrelybdel`bqbej yck

mdef`bmy cl} ycke flb`ki%

Lmmdribej yd ]krjkb Hlrnkidedv le kswkry de Ml{ml}{} b}}{k} zbyc yck Hd}mdz(

ol}ki Be}yby{yk df Wd`bybml` lei Hb`bylr Lel`}b} Jkdrjbl cl} fdr l `dej ybhk

wrk}keyki yck frdqke mdef`bmy} edy l} idhk}ybm mdef`bmy} okyzkke Lonclqbl$]d{yc

D}}kybl lei Jkdrjbl o{y l} mdef`bmy} okyzkke _{}}bl lei Jkdrjbl% Ck }l} Jkdrjbl


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zleyki yd hlnk by l mdef`bmy okyzkke yck Zk}y lei _{}}bl zbyc Jkdrjbl l} l ely{rl`

wlry df yck Zk}y% Ck zlreki _{}}ble md``klj{k} ljlbe}y jkyybej irlze beyd le

{enedze jlhk zbyc {ewrkibmylo`k rk}{`y} l} yckrk} l ikfbebyk fd{eilybde fdr

wrljhlybm ibl`dj{k kvke olrjlbebej zbyc rkwrk}keylybvk} df Dì K{rdwk% Yckrk flr

frdh ik`bjcyki zbyc Jkdrjbl} okclvbd{r #K{rl}bl Be}bjcy ?773"%

Kvke bf _{}}bl kswkmyki ycly l md{eykrlyylmn de Jkdrjbl zd{ì wrdvdnk yck Zk}y lei

mrklyk l }keybhkey df ib}yr{}y edy de` zbyc rkjlri yd yck _{}}ble jdvkrehkey o{y l`}d

zbyc rkjlri yd mdeibybde} fdr mddwkrlybde lei fdrkbje bevk}yhkey} be _{}}bl be

jkekrl` yck wrdolo` ml`m{`lyki ycly yck}k ekjlybvk mde}k|{kemk} zd{ì ok

d{yzkbjcki o yck wd}bybvk dek}% Yck hl l`}d clvk kswkmyki yck}k wrdo`kh} zbyc

yck Zk}y yd ok de` ykhwdrlrb`% Yck lhobj{d{} hk}}ljk} frdh yck [] ik}mrboki

{eikr Jlhk


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ycly _{}}ble beykrk}y} lei vbkz} ok ylnke beyd mde}bikrlybde cl} okke }ylyki m`klr`

lei {ehb}ylnbej`% Yd _{}}bl rk}wkmy dr kvke fklr hl ok hdrk vl`{lo`k ycle

kl}ki o{y }{oi{ki rk`lybde} zbyc yck Zk}y% By l`}d }krvk} l} l rkhbeikr yd yck MB](

md{eyrbk} df _{}}bl} idhbelemk be by} eklr lordli%

Be yck jlhk okyzkke _{}}bl lei yck beykrelybdel` mdhh{eby _{}}bl rkmkbvki mkrylbe

okekfby} frdh md{eykrlyylmnbej lei yck wrdolo` md{eyki de ycb} zcke ikmbibej de

yckbr hdvk% Wrk}bikey ]llnl}cvb`b hl clvk hb}ml`m{`lyki rkjlribej yck rk`lybde}cbw

okyzkke _{}}bl lei yck Zk}y lei df zcly Hr W{ybe zl} wrkwlrki yd id yd hlbeylbe

cb} bhljk l} yck yd{jc j{ be yck rkjbde lei de yck zdrì }yljk #Ybhk} De`bek

?773o"% Ck hl clvk ycd{jcy ycly _{}}bl zd{ì ml`m{`lyk zbyc cklv md}y} rk`lyki yd

l md{eykrlyylmn de ycb} lrkel% Ycb} b} l`` yck hdrk yr{k bf ck ycd{jcy yck Zk}y zd{ì

mdhk yd Jkdrjbl} l}}b}ylemk%

;%; Jlhk 91 _{}}bl Idhk}ybm lrkel

Yck `l}y jlhk B mcdd}k yd bem`{ik be ycb} lel`}b} b} yck beykrel` jlhk okyzkke yck

`klikr}cbw be yck Nrkh`be lei yck _{}}ble wdw{`lybde% Wrk}bikey ]llnl}cvb`b h{}y

clvk mde}bikrki kvkey{l` idhk}ybm kffkmy} be _{}}bl df l _{}}ble le}zkr yd yck

Jkdrjble lyylmn zcb`k ml`m{`lybej yck md}y} lei okekfby} df ycb} hb`bylr livkey{rk% Bf l

md{eykrlyylmn zl} `bnk` yd }yrkejycke dr zklnke yck _{}}ble `klikr}cbw idhk}ybml``

ycb} zd{ì bef`{kemk yck wrkfkrkemk fdrhlybde df yck _{}}ble `klikr}cbw lei ckemk

beibrkmy` yck wrkfkrkemk fdrhlybde df yck Jkdrjble `klikr}cbw%

Be yck _{}}ble wdw{`lybde yck }{wwdry fdr yck _{}}ble ibl}wdrl be yck Wd}y(]dvbky

}wlmk b} }yrdej% L`ycd{jc yck kycebm _{}}ble} be ]d{yc D}}kybl e{hokr ed hdrk ycle

lrd{ei ?777 d{y df l ydyl` wdw{`lybde df lrd{ei 37 777 yck _{}}ble wl}}wdryb}lybde

cl} elybdel`bqki hd}y df yck beclobyley} beyd _{}}ble} #_BL Edvd}yb ?773o"%


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L }{rvk w{o`b}cki be Hd}mdz de L{j{}y ?7 ?773 }cdz} ycly yck _{}}ble hb`bylr

beykrvkeybde be Jkdrjbl bemrkl}ki Wrk}bikey Hkivkikv} wdw{`lrby frdh 6; wkrmkey be

A{` yd :? wkrmkey be L{j{}y% Fdr Wrbhk Hbeb}ykr W{ybe yck mdrrk}wdeikey wkrmkeyljk}

zkrk 37 lei 3= #Ed{vk` Do}krvlyk{r ?773o"% Ledyckr }{rvk frdh yck beikwkeikey

be}yby{yk FDH mdei{myki de L{j{}y


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The Five-Day War in the Caucasus

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