The first people to come to America came from Asia. They crossed the ____ located in the

Bering Strait

Early people of the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

They sacrificed people on a massive scale to the sun godThey were defeated by the Spanish Conqueror Hernan

Cortez

This started with Christopher Columbus

A transfer of people, good and ideas from eastern and western

hemispheresCaused a food surplus and

population explosion in EuropeCased disease to kill many natives in

America

The right for the Spanish (in America) to demand tribute

(enslavement) of native population

Spanish leaders who defeated the Aztecs and Incans Pissarro and Cortez are

examples

While the English were settling on the east coast of North America this group claimed lands in what today

would be Canada, Ohio ValleyThey were fur trappers and traders and had a much better relationship

with natives than the English

This was the first unsuccessful colony in America

The people of this colony vanished

He was a map maker who made the discovery that the lands we call America were not the East

Indies but a Continent

Spanish priest who was against the enslavement of natives in

AmericaHe suggested that Africans be

used

Early land bridgeAztecsColumbian Exchange

EncomiendaConquistadorsFrench

RoanokeAmerigo VespucciBatolome de Las Casas

Also called the Line of DemarcationSeparates Spanish and Portuguese lands in AmericaGave Portugal what is today Brazil

They were the Spanish king and queen who funded ColumbusThey also were strict Catholics who started the Reconquista

(campaign to drive Muslims and Jew out of Spain)

Indians in America who in the Chesapeake region

Pocahontas was from this tripe

He started the Protestant reformation in Europe. This

would lead to many people from Europe to come to America because of religious wars or seeking religious freedom or

toleration

He was a follower of Martin Luther

He believed in predestinationHe created a Theocracy (Church Ruled) government in Geneva

These were English private sea captains who attacked Spanish

ShipsQueen Elizabeth encouraged

this

1700’s the following had what impact of American colonies

Religious persecution in EuropeHigh unemployment or poor quality

employment in Europe Unable for lower class Europeans to

obtain land ownership

People came together and investing in new settlements in

AmericaThe London Company AKA the

Virginia Company is one of these

These were young men who came to 1700’s (Jamestown /Chesapeake

region) Their passage was paid and they

owed service to whoever paid their way

After they worked off their debt they were given land to farm most often

at the edge of the frontier

Treaty of TordesillasFerdinand and Isabella

Martin Luther John Calvin Sea Dogs

What stimulated English migrationJoint-stock companyIndentured servants

Powhattans

He was the father of tobaccoHe introduced tobacco to

Jamestown settlementHe married Pocahontas

Tobacco became a cash crop and made a great profit saving

Jamestown economically

He called it a “stinking weed” referring to tobacco

But he liked the profit he obtained from this cash crop

This colony in America was established as a sanctuary for

Catholics

These were English people who were called separatists

They settled in Holland but when their child starting acting Dutch Like,

they came to AmericaThey sailed on the Mayflower and

landed in Plymouth

When the pilgrims landed in Plymouth they realized they had

sailed off course and landed in an area they had no charter for.

They all signed a document before they got off the ship promising to follow the future rules they would

establishName the document

She disagreed with Puritan leadership and was banished She was later killed by Indians

They were English who settled in America. They created

Massachusetts Bay ColonyThey had a theocracy

governmentThey created a “City on a Hill”

He was a Quaker and obtained a land grant and created

This was a well planned colony, offered religious toleration.

Advertised throughout Europe – settles by very diverse culture

Fast growing ColonyWho establish Pennsylvania (Penn’s

wood)

Established by Thomas HookerThe colony of Connecticut established the first constitution in AmericaIt became a model for future constitutions. It was called?

Maryland James !

PilgrimsMayflower CompactAnne Hutchinson

PuritansWilliam PennFundamental Orders of Connecticut

John Rolfe

The first successful English colony in America

Established in what would be called Virginia

Tobacco saved this place economically

High death rates hear / low birthrate

He saved Jamestown by making people work for their food

His life was saved by PocahontasHe established Rhode Island

1st Governor of PlymouthPilgrim’s settlement

1st representative government in America Chesapeake region

Only rich land holders are part of this (Aristocracy)

In early American Chesapeake region (Jamestown)

If you paid someone’s passage to the new world you would get 50 acres of land. This was called

In the late 1600’s these people would arrive from Africa

Their status in the early years was very unclear

They would eventually replace indentured servants as workers

on plantations

He believed that all people had God given rights of life, liberty

and propertyHis beliefs can be seen in our Declaration of Independence

and Bill of Rights

This colony was established as a buffer colony between Spanish

Florida and English ColoniesPrisoners sent here from

England

Roger Williams John Smith

William BradfordHouse of BurgessesHeadright

SlaveryJohn LockeGeorgia

Jamestown

John Smith called the area that would contain Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire and

Rhode Island

A colony like New Jersey that was run as a privately owned

estate

The 17 century mass settlement of the Puritans in Massachusetts

Bay and other coloniesCaused by religious persecution

in England

Early American colony required each community of 50 or more families to provide a teacher of reading and writing (Puritan)

To vote in Puritan Massachusetts you needed to be?

Was the first genuine unified movement of the American

ColonistsGave colonist a feeling of shared

identityReligious movement spread

throughout colonies

Economic theory A government should seek to direct the economy so as to

maximize exportsThe English colonies exist for

England to make a profit

The purpose of the ____ in 1754 was to obtain colonial unity and common defense

against the French

____ War of 1675 -1676 was fought to establish English

control over the Indians in New England.

Great migration proprietary colony

MassachusettsMale Church memberGreat Awakening

MercantilismAlbany CongressKing Philip’s War

New England

Acts passed by England restricting colonial trade to England only.

Enumerated good had to be shipped on English ships to England

Purpose was to guarantee that England alone would profit from trade with the

coloniesProfit would be used to pay toward debt

from French and Indian War

______ was upset with Governor Berkley and his policies toward Native

AmericansHe and his followers were upset about

being disenfranchised (not have a say in government matters) by the House of

BurgessesHis followers were mostly former

Indentured Servants that wanted to acquire land.

This was an act passed by Parliament (1763) that did not

allow settlers to cross the Appalachian Mountains

Gave colonist a feeling that England was controlling the

future advancement

Blamed George III for the colonies' problems and urged Americans to

declare their independenceSeries of pamphlets called “Common Sense” that suggested the colonies

become their own countryThese were written by

The Tea Act lowered the price of English tea but also forced the colonist to only buy English Tea

Colonist preferred Dutch TeaMembers of the Son’s of Liberty

threw English tea into Boston HarborThis was known as the?

Act passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea

PartyClosed Boston Harbor and said

the people of Boston had to pay for the tea.

Act passed by Parliament that taxed printed material, legal document

9 Colonies send representatives the meeting called the ___ ___ Congress.

Led to a colonial wide boycott of English goods

The act was repealed (cancelled) because of the boycott

He was thought to be the most Enlightened American

He was an inventor and later a statesman

He negotiated with the French to join the American Revolution after the Colonist won the battle

of Saratoga

This inter-colonial association was created by the elite in an attempt to

channel crowd action into acceptable forms of resistance

These persons would tar and feather tax collectors

Samuel was one of the leaders of this group

Proclamation of 1763 Nathaniel Bacon

Thomas PaineBoston Tea PartyCoercive Act / Intolerable Act

Stamp ActBenjamin FranklinSons of Liberty

Navigation Acts

This meeting was held in response to the Intolerable ActColonies sent representativesThe members sent a letter to King George trying to prevent

war (Olive Branch Petition)

King George had a large army stationed in Boston

Quartering Act forced colonists to house these soldiers

A crowd threatened several soldiers who fired into the crowd killing some

Paul Revere later called this event?

According to England all English subjects, including those who are not allowed to vote, are represented in Parliament.They said we were virtually

representedWe called this?

General Gage sent British troops to Concord and Lexington in search of

weaponsBritish soldiers and colonist met on

Lexington greenA shot was fired called “The Shot

Heard Around the world”This was the start of?

This was a list of reasons why the American colonists were

separating from EnglandContained the philosophies of

John LockWritten by Thomas Jefferson

Their job was to prepare the colonies for war

They put George Washington in charge of the Continental Army

They had Thomas Jefferson write the declaration of

Independence

The colonist defeated the British at the Battle of _____

This win encouraged the French to join our side

1600s In this colony people came to America as whole families and sometimes

many from the same villagePurpose for settlement was religious

freedomThey had rocky or sandy soil but worked

together for the common good of the colony

This colony was able to grow from reproduction

1600s colonyHigh death rate from disease

and Indian attacksPurpose of settlement was to

make a profitGood soil for planting

Ratio of men to women 6/1

Taxation without representation Boston Massacre

Revolutionary War Declaration of IndependenceSecond Continental Congress

SaratogaNew England/ Massachusetts Jamestown

Virginia Chesapeake

First Continental Congress

Evangelism was the new type of religious preaching during the

Great AwakeningMinisters during the Great Awakening like Jonathan

EdwardsGeorge Whitefield was called?

Princeton was created to train new pastors. What religious

movement in the colonies fueled this?

What is this?Restitution was promised to colonist

that had been loyal to EnglandPromise to pay colonial debt to

England13 colonies recognized as an

independent nation and get lands from Mississippi to Atlantic.

First successful European colony in North America

General Cornwallis had his back to the sea and could not excape

because the French ships had arrived. He surrendered to

George Washington. The Battle of ____ was the last major battle

of the Revolutionary War.

Confederation of states 1781 Legislative body – selected each

year from each stateEach state had 1 vote / No veto

power over legislationDenied Congress the power to

taxWeak central government

This gave laid out how the western lands to the new United States could

become a state. 1787 Territories established

Governor, Secretary, 3 judges60,000 people – write a constitution

and petition from statehoodMust have Bill of rights

Central government to weak to enforce peace 17

States passed laws restricting payments to England merchants for pre-war debts

England refused to withdraw troops from Northwest Territory

Spain refused to abide by land boundary between them and Georgia

Closed the Mississippi River to AmericansThis all happened during what government of

the United States?

England merchants flooded America with English goods

Goods often cheaper that American goodsPut a strain on American economy

National government had no power to regulate trade

Some states printed their own money (no value) to pay debts

This happened during what government of the United States?

Treaty of Paris Great Awakening

St. AugustineYorktownArticles of Confederation

Northwest OrdinanceArticles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

New Lights

During Articles of ConfederationPoor farmers in Massachusetts / Banks –taking

their homes and farms awayMany were heroes from the revolutionary

war / they were paying heavy taxesOrganized rebellion closed a county court –

foreclosures being conductedThreatened to seize a federal arsenal / Congress did not have the funds to put

together an army and put down the uprisingThis was ___ Rebellion

Father of our ConstitutionFederalist who promised the

Anti0Federalists a Bill of Rights

1787 – 55 men – representing 12 states meet

They were looking at a way to fix the Articles of Confederation

Soon they decided to scrap the Articles and establish a new

constitutionThis was called

South and north could not agree on how to count slaves. If they

counted as a full person it would give the southern states more

representation in government. They agreed on?

They wanted a strong federal government

Argued for a new constitution John Adams was one

They wanted a government in which he states had the power

Agreed to new constitution only if Bill of Rights would be added

Thomas Jefferson was one

Created by James Madison10 Amendments to the

ConstitutionProtections to the people from

the government

Freedom of religion / to assemble peacefully / and

speechRight for Americans to bear

arms and have a militia

Philadelphia Convention Constitutional Convention James Madison

3/5th CompromiseFederalistAnti-Fedealists

Bill of Rights1st Amendment2nd Amendment

Shays (Daniel Shay)

No soldiers can be quartered in a person’s home during peace

time

The right of people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers

and effects against unreasonable searched and

seizures

Cannot be made to testify against self

Cannot be tried twice for the same crime

Cannot be deprived of life, liberty or property without due

process

The right to a speedy trialRight to confront witnesses

Right to a lawyer

No excessive bailNo cruel and unusual

punishment

PresidentJohn Adams Vice President

Some wanted to call him: His Excellency, his highness

Congress established positions called the?

Departments of:War- Henry Knox

State- Thomas JeffersonTreasury – Alexander Hamilton

Created Supreme CourtChief Justice- John Jay / 5

associate Created 13 district courts

Wanted to find a way to reduce the nation’s debt

Federal government to pay debt / reduce a state’s ability to

shape the economy

5th Amendment 4th Amendment

CabinetJudiciary Act of 1789Hamilton’s Plan

3rd Amendment

George Washington 8th Amendment 6th Amendment

Hamilton wanted the United States to create a bank

Financial security tied directly to the strength of the ban

Issue currency – money would maintain value

Madison and others challenged thisNecessary and proper clause / Also

called the elastic clause or?

John Jay went to EnglandEngland agreed to abandon

outposts in Northwest Territories

Americans ships allowed to trade –West Indies

Would not Promise / Impress soldiers

Farmers in western Pennsylvania protested taxed

Washing and Federalist looked at this as a challenge to government

Washington sent 15,000 troopsThe rebels disappeared

Two rebels were eventually arrested

September 1796 /Warned against political parties

Avoid making permanent alliances with other nations

2nd president – FederalistThomas Jefferson – Anti-

Federalist – VP

1797 French ships seized American ships

This was known as – Quasi-War (no declaration of war)

Adams sent a delegation to FrancePinckney, Marshall, and Gerry

French intermediary – demanded huge bribes - $250,000

Law that made it illegal for Anti-Federalists to criticize the Federalist

governmentPresident could detain or deport

people from any nation the USA was at war

14 year period to become citizenPeople who criticized Adams were

arrested and jailed

Election of 1800Jefferson and Burr tied 73

votes / House selected JeffersonWhat Amendment changes that president and VP run on same

ticket

3rd President of the United States

End the Alien and Sedition Act

Whiskey Rebellion Jay’s Treaty

Washington’s Farewell AddressJohn Adams XYZ Affair

Alien and Sedition Act12 Amendment (1804)Thomas Jefferson

Implied powers of the Government to handle the growing needs of

the nationUnited States Bank

1803 James Monroe – went to FranceHe was instructed to explore the

possibility of buying the port (city) of Louisiana

Monroe was surprised when France offered the entire region for $15 Million

Size of America had greatly increasedPeople that would move into the new

region tended to be Anti-Federalist

Search the Louisiana Territory for a water route to the Pacific

Set of from St. Louis – Missouri River –January 1803

Crossed the Rocky Mountains – Pacific Ocean 1805 November

Contact with animals, new lands, and Indians

Opened the lands for further exploration and settlement

North African States – Tangiers, Algiers, Tripoli

Pirates attacked American commercial ships

Fleet of Marines sentAmerican ship captured and

crew ransomed off / 1805 Treaty signed

Ruled that the act passed by Congress was unconstitutional

Established the power of the Supreme Court to declare an act

of Congress unconstitutional

Vice President for JeffersonJuly 11, 1804 – the Vice

President shot and Killed the former Secretary of Treasury Later planned an invasion of

Spanish Colonies

America had their eyes on the rich lands- Canada

American troops advanced to CanadaAmerican navy was effective and held up against the British Navy (Strongest

Navy in the World)British forces attacked and burned

WashingtonBattle of Baltimore / Battle of New

Orleans

September 13-14, 1814British ships fired on American

fortAmerican flag flew high

Francis Scott Key – Star Spangled Banner

Battle of ___?

Andrew Jackson in charge of troops

January 8, 1815 – British launched a frontal attackAmerican were victorious

Battle fought after war was over

Peace with England / ended war of 1812

Both sides agreed to stop fightingEngland refused to discuss

impressmentsAt home the war was viewed as a

successAmerica had stood up to the most

powerful military in the world

Barbary States Lewis and Clark

Marbury vs. MadisonAaron BurrWar of 1812

BaltimoreBattle of New OrleansTreaty of Ghent

Louisiana Purchase

Died on July 4th 1826Anniversary of the signing of the

Declaration of Independence

ExpansionFlorida became part of USA

Spain gave up its claim in the Pacific Coast – north of

CaliforniaAgreed to new boundaries –

Texas

Belief held that the lands in America from the Atlantic to the

Pacific – belonged to the American people

364 miles – connecting Hudson River / Great Lakes

Lowered costs for transportationMade New York a center of

trade

Wheat became a main crop in western states

New England – Sheep raisingCotton “king” crop of the Deep South

Cotton profits made the south wealthy / northern states /factories

benefited from this crop

Industrialization1815 – Most manufacturing was

done in homes /

Built a textile factory in Massachusetts

Employed young women who lived on site

Followed Madison as presidentEra of Good feelings

Wanted to make friends with Latin America for the benefit of

USA

Court asked to rule if legislature of New Hampshire had the right to convert Dartmouth from a private college to

state universityCourt stated that original charter was

binding – ruled against the stateCharters granted from the state to a

private corporation were protected by the Constitution

Manifest Destiny Adam – Onis Treaty - 1819

Erie CanalMarket EconomyPutting out system

Francis LowellJames Monroe as President Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Thomas Jefferson and John Adams

State of Maryland had taxed the Baltimore branch of the bank

Tax unconstitutionalMain issues were if Congress could establish a bank and If

state could regulate and tax the bank

Bolstered the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce

Stated that states could not interfere with the national

government’s right to regulate commerce

1821 Congress stated their support for the revolutions in Latin America

America also did not want European powers to establish other colonies in Latin

AmericaTold European powers to stay away from

the Western Hemisphere – America would control this sphere of influenceNo real power to enforce this

Defined as a direct rule of the peopleIn America there had been leveling of

classesSelf made man rose to prominenceIn the Jacksonian Era this changed

some.Economic inequality increased the

gap between the rich and poor

He wrote Moby Dick He wrote Scarlet Letter

He wrote Paul Revere’s Ride He wrote Old Ironsides He wrote Leaves of Grass

Monroe Doctrine Gibbons v. Ogden

DemocracyHerman MelvilleNathaniel Hawthorne

Henry Wadsworth LongfellowOliver Wendell HolmesWalt Whitman

McCulloch v. Maryland

_____Era?Democrats

Whigs – Republicans Parties started to hold national

conventions to select their person to run for president

Parties disagreed with each other and sometimes with themselves

Election 1828 who won? Democrat

A forceful and domineering president

Appointed people to government jobs who supported

him

When the president appointed people to government jobs who

supported him

Indian RemovalJackson supported the removal of Indians to

lands not settled by whitesCherokee Nation owned lands in Georgia,

North Carolina, and TennesseeGeorgia, Alabama, and Mississippi extended its

state laws over Cherokees This defied US Constitution which gave the Central government power in Indian affairs

1838 – Forced removal of Indians to Oklahoma/ Many died

Supreme Court decision denied the state the power to extend jurisdiction over Indian landsGeorgia defied this order and

Jackson supported Georgia and violated the US Constitution

Southern states became fearful of federal encroachment on state rights

South Carolina took up the issue of protective tariff

Vice President Calhoun supported states rightsA feud developed between Jackson and

CalhounIn 1832 South Carolina legislature voted to

nullify the tariffJackson told the secretary of war to prepare for

military actionSouth Carolina backed down

Kitchen Cabinet Close friends of Jackson and his unofficial advisors

They advised Jackson to go against the federal bank

Biddle sought a bill for re-charter for the bank passed CongressJackson vetoed the bill

Congress attempts to override the veto failed

This issue angered many republicans

New party- support came from republicans / against Jackson

Southern support for state rightsBank issue as a violation of

powersThey referred to Jackson as

“King Andrew”

Election 1840Whigs supported William Henry

Harrison – Associated with winning the battle of Tippecanoe

John Tyler –states’ rights advocate as running mateHarrison won

What was campaign slogan?

Spoils system Andrew JacksonOld Hickory

Trail of TearsWorcester v. GeorgiaNullification Crisis

Bank WarWhigs“Tippecanoe and Tyler too”

Jascksonian

Proclamation of 1763 Nathaniel Bacon

Thomas PaineBoston Tea PartyCoercive Act / Intolerable Act

Stamp ActBenjamin FranklinSons of Liberty

Navigation Acts

Religious revivals swept through the north 1830

New Evangelist movement called on people to repent their

sinsAll classes responded to this

movement

Inspired by the religious movement (Second Great Awakening)

Groups wantedCurb non-religious activities on

Sabbath End - Gambling, Prostitution,

DuelingDrinking alcohol

End the consumption of alcoholStarted from religious movementWomen played an important part

Protect their homes from the effects of alcohol

Consumption of hard liquor declined 50% -1830’s

Father of Education1820-1850 expansion of public education

Most developed in New EnglandEstablish the State Board of Education MACompulsory attendance laws / Alienated

working classThree r’s (reading, riting, and rithmetic

Textbooks / Morality also taught

Piety, domesticity, purity and submissiveness

While many women were in favor of the women's movement, some were not. Some of these believed in preserving the values of "true womanhood": piety, domesticity,

purity and submissiveness. These opponents of the women’s movement

referred to their ideas as the "Cult of True Womanhood." Or?

Spurred by Second Great Awakening

Criminals, lunatics, and paupersInstitution established – for those incapable of caring for

themselvesPrisons, ___, and poorhouses –

did not achieve their goals

They wanted to send Blacks back to Africa

Many felt America would be a better place without blacksLiberia – West Africa – few

thousands blacksDenied racial equality in

America

Anti-slavery movementPublished the Liberator

Founded the American Anti-Slavery Society

Spoke against American Colonization Society

Spoke for women to be able to speak at abolitionist meetings

Anti-slavery movement increased in the 1800’s

Religious leaders and women created this movement

Free blacks still treated as outcasts – racism

Movement Called?

Temperance Movement Social Reform

Horace MannCult of DomesticityAsylums

American Colonization SocietyWilliam Lloyd GarrisonAbolitionist Movement

Second Great Awakening

Women who supported anti-slavery movement

Started to speak about women’s rights

Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton and others met here to

form the first women’s rights meeting

Wrote Declaration of Sentiments

– 1848 – All men and women were created equal

Millennial Church of the United Society

Mother Ann Lee – feminine incarnation of Christ

Sexual equality / Minimized contact with the outside world

Literary and philosophical movement

Transcend the material world and obtain knowledge through a

oneness with the universe

Gained independence from Spain 1821

Republic of ___ included (Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California,

Nevada, Utah and much of Colorado)

He attracted others to settle in TexasFriction developed between Mexican

government and settlersMany in Texas refused to free their

slavesSoon Mexico stopped further

immigration____ was arrested and jailed

1835 Texans revoltedSanta Anna sent troops to put

down the revolutionAlamo, Goliad, etc

Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at San Jacinto River

Independence March 2, 1836

Religious sect founded in AmericaJoseph Smith was the founder

Established communities in Ohio and Missouri – 1837 / Persecuted

Brigham Young – 1,500 – established a colony near the Great Salt Lake

Polygamy practiced (more than one spouse)

Americans were willing to go to war over the ____Territory

1845-1846United States and England

avoided warPresident Polk let Congress decide on the agreement

(boundary)

Shakers Seneca Falls Declaration

TranscendentalismMexicoStephen F. Austin

Texas IndependenceMormonsOregon

Women’s Suffrage Movement