THE FIRST HIGH-LEVEL BIOFUELS SEMINAR IN AFRICA

30 JULY – 1 AUGUST 2007, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA

by

AFRICAN UNION UNIDO

JOHN AFARI-IDAN,An International Expert - Biogas Technology in

AfricaTeam Leader, ARSCP Biofuel Task

Team For Africa

A joint activity of the African Union Commission, Brazilian Government and UNIDO.

Presentation on Industrial Application of Biogas Technology in Africa

Feed Stocks

Industrial solid and liquid Wastes

Agricultural residues and manure

Municipal Solid Waste

Domestic and Commercial Liquid waste

Health Care Waste

Human wastes (normally considered as part of domestic waste generation in industry)

Sources of Feed Stocks (1)

Restaurants and HotelsTourist AreasStadiaEducational InstitutionsPolice, Military and Prisons BarracksMunicipal Sewage

Sources of Feed Stocks (2)

Meat and Agro-processing IndustriesAbattoirsFish and Animal HusbandryReal Estates

Conversion Technologies

Broad Classification of Digester Types Covered Lagoons Balloon Plants Fixed-Dome Plants Floating Drums

Design Characteristics Continues Feed Batch Feed

Digester Characteristics

The African Experience

Kenya Lesotho South Africa Namibia Sudan Nigeria Burundi

Rwanda Botswana Uganda Ghana Guinea

Integrated Approach - BTWAL the Ghanaian

ExperienceSegregates hi-BOD process effluent at source

Segregates degradable fractions of municipal solid wastes and

solid process wastes at source

Integrates all bio-wastes and sewage in the anaerobic digesters to

maximize biogas production(Sewage providing the best substrate

for the indigestion process)

Recycles treated wastewater for less critical application, water

conservation, liquid fertilizer production for periurban organic

framing

The BTWAL Technology Components

The Bio-digester (s)The Expansion ChambersFiltration BedsUV Water Treatment System Treated Effluent storageBiogas Recovery BalloonBiogas end-use accessories

A large scale application for an under-construction university in Ghana (15,000

student population)

Sections of the University Building under Construction

Completed biogas plant -Health-care Industry

Completed biogas plantFood Processing Industry

THE BIOGAS PLANT AT THE NESTLE FACTORY, TEMA - GHANA

Biogas Use – Cooking at the Valley View University, Accra

BIOGAS ELECTRICITY GENERATOR at the Abattoir in Ferkessedougou, Ivory Coast

15KW BIOGAS GENERATOR POWER UNIT

REFRIDGERATION

Biogas Technology Opportunities

Problems of current waste handing practicesIncreasing need of alternative energy sources

to address energy securityPotential for methane emissions reduction

and climate mitigation technologiesSustainable use of nutrients and energy

resources in waste materials

Potential Industrial Application of the BTWAL Approach

AbattoirFood industryHealth-care IndustryHousing IndustryHospitality IndustrySewage Treatment Plant

The Abattoir

Hospital Industry

Housing Industry

Hospitality industry

Substitution of Waste Water Treatment

Substitution of raw Sewage disposal into wetlands and large marine (e.g. the sea)

ecosystem

Substitution of Industrial Waste Treatment

Substitution of Septic Tanks in Real Estate Development

Substitution of Extended Aeration Plant

Municipal Solid Waste65% of which is Biodegradable

Broken-Down Aerators (STP)

Cesspool Emptying

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS

Meets the 3R Principles

Reduction of water use at source

Recovery of degradable organic fractions of solid waste

Recovery of residual energy in bio-waste for biogas

generation

Recycle of 60% total water component of digester feed

Re-use the energy resources

DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Avoid Cost of Constructing Septic Tank for new projects

Reduce cost of transportation to landfills Reduce portable water use at source from

cistern modification Recycle and Reuse treated wastewater

for: WCs re-flushing Irrigation and land scaping

Equivalent LPG of Biogas for cooking and refrigeration of essential drugs

Environment, Health and Sanitation Benefits

Avoidance of odour nuisance from Septic Emptying and off-site transportation

Elimination of seasonal overflows of septic tanks

Avoidance of off-site dumping of Hi-BOD load sewage in ecosystems

Recovery of residual energy resource in sewage for energy security

Water conservation for water security Contribute to meeting MDG goals for

poverty reduction

Barriers to Industrial Applications

TechnicalHuman ResourceFinancialCommunication

PLAN OF ACTION FOR PENETRATION OF BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES APPLICATION

Communication and Awareness creation

Institutional Framework and capacity building

Technical Capacity Building

• Design and construction

•Large Scale pre-Casting of modular digesters

Knowledge Networking and Transfer

Financial Resource Mobilization

Patenting and Intellectual Property Right

Demonstration Projects for integrated waste treatment with Biogas

Power

generation

THANK YOU

MERCI