The Finnish Way
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www.pasisahlberg.com
FINNISH LESSONSWhat can British Columbia learn from educational
change in Finland?
Pasi Sahlberg, PhDCIMO
Helsinki
14 April 2011
BCSTA Annual MeetingVancouver, CANADA
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Finland?
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A cultural lone wolf
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Finnovations
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Wife Carrying World Championships
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Finland today
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Education system performance over
time in Finland and developed nations
learning, participation, equity and efficiency
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
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I
Recovery from thecrisis
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1990
Rapid economic
growth
Deregulation offinancial markets
Collapse of theSoviet Union
Carelessborrowing and
lending
CRASH
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Unemployment rate (%) in Finland
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source:Sta+s+csFinland
Educationalp
erforman
ce
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GDP at market prices in Finland (Mil )
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
1985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009
Source:Sta+s+csFinland
Educationalp
erforman
ce
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Education expenditure (% of GNI) in Finland
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Source:tradingeconomics.com
Educationalp
erforman
ce
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Policies that saved education
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Professionalization
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Local innovation
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Partnerships
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Research and development expenditure as a percentage
of GDP in Finland
0
1
2
3
4
5
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Source:Sta+s+csFinland
Education
alperform
ance
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Youth activity
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Youth activity (10-29-year olds)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Members (in 1000)
1990 1995 2000
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II
Education in Finland
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Education system in 2011
Preschool
Basic school
Age
6
7
16
Compu
lsoryschooling
1
9
10
Generalupper secondary
school
Vocational schoolApprenticeship
training1
2
3
17
18
19
Universities
1
23
4
5
20
2122
23+
Polytechnics
Work
experience
Specialistvocational
qualifications
Further
vocationalqualifications
Work
experience
55% 40%
60%
Grades
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Less is more
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Number of teaching hours per year in lower secondaryeducation (2008)
Net contact time in hours per year in public institutions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
UnitedStates
Mexico
New
Zealand
Russ
ianFederation
Scotland
Chile
Australia
Brazil
Israel
Germany
Portugal
Netherlands
Ireland
Spain
Slovenia
Belgium(
Fl.)
Iceland
Belgium(
Fr.)
Norway
Denmark
Luxembourg
C
zechRepublic
France
Estonia
Austria
Italy
Finland
Greece
Hungary
Korea
Hours per year
OECD 2010
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How much teachers teach? (2008)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Primary
Lower secondary
Upper secondary
United States
OECD average
Finland
Total annual teaching time in 60-minute hours
OECD 2010
Total number of intended instruction hours in public
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Total number of intended instruction hours in publicinstitutions between the ages of 7 and 14 (2008)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
Finland
Sweden
Korea
Norway
Germany
Greece
Japan
Austria
Denmark
OECD
average
Portugal
Belgium
Spain
Ireland
England
France
Mexico
Italy
Australia
Netherlands
Ages 12-14
Ages 9-11
Ages 7-8
Total compulsory instruction hours between 7 and 14 year-olds
OECD 2010
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460
480
500
520
540
560
580
50,000 55,000 60,000 65,000 70,000 75,000 80,000 85,000 90,000 95,000 100,000
Norway
Finland
Korea
Portugal
United States
Austria Switzerland
Denmark
Germany
Canada
Greece
Italy
Spain
France
IrelandSweden
Belgium
UK
Australia Netherlands
Japan
Cumulative cost in USD (2006)
PISAsciencescorein200
6
Student achievement and the cost of schooling
OECD 2010
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Test less,learn more
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400 450 500 550 600
Mexico
Luxemburg
Greece
Chile
Austria
Spain
Belgium
Norway
New Zealand
United Kingdom
Estonia
Switzerland
Italy
Ireland
Poland
Sweden
Korea
Denmark
Finland
Civic knowledge of 8th grade students in some OECD countries
ICCS 2010
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Level 1 and below Level 2 -3 Level 4 - 5 Level 6
Student learning in science (2006)
OECD 2007
St d t l i
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Student learning
National averages of 15-year-old students learning outcomes in mathematics 2000-06
OECD 2001-07
460
480
500
520
540
560
USA UK Canada Australia Japan New Zealand Ireland Finland
2000
2003
2006
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Equity of outcomesVariation in student performance in reading (2009)
Performance variation of students within schools
Performance differences between schools
Finland7.7
%
OECDaverage42%
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The FinnishAdvantage
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Applicants to primary school teacher education 2001-10
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Male
Female
Accepted
Admission: 1st Phase 2nd Phase 3rd Phase- high school merits - exam - role play/micro teaching
- other merits - interview
6600 2000 660
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The Finnish Way
Global Trends vs The Finnish Way
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Global Trends vs. The Finnish Way
Global educational reform movement (germ) Alternative policies
Teaching core subjects Broad and creative learning
Standardization Personalization
Test-based accountability Professional responsibility
Market-based management Educational leadership
Data and control Collaboration and trust
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What can we learn from Finland?
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FINNISH LESSON:
There is another way
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Kiitos!
pasisahlberg.com