THE FIELD OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS.
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Transcript of THE FIELD OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS.
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THE FIELD OF COLLECTIVE BEHAVIOUR
AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
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Collective behaviour
• Collective behaviour is the relatively spontaneous, unstructured, extra-institutional behaviour of a fairly large number of individuals.
• It deviates from the established, normal, institutionalized patterns.
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• It tends to have one foot outside society’s mainstream structures and institutions such as religion, politics, family and education.
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FIVE BASIC SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS THAT EXIST IN ALL SOCIETIES
PoliticsPolitics
ReligionReligion
FamilyFamilyEducationEducation
EconomyEconomy
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• It is the maverick side of human life-less structured, shorter lived and less stable.
• Collective behaviour may arise because traditional norms are in conflict with certain desired values of a situation.
•
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• Collective behaviour is not individuals acting on their own; it is the behaviour of individuals acting with and in relation to one another.
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Three types of human behaviour
• Only the third is collective:• • 1. The individual does something fairly
unique on the own (individual behaviour)
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• 2. Two or more individual do the same thing on their own (parallel behaviour)
• 3. Behaviour engaged in the presence of others, or is directly influenced by others, and becomes a basis of a group bond-this is collective behaviour
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Solidarity
• It should be noted that for the most part, people who engage in collective behavior that stands outside institutionalized patterns,
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• Most people involved in collective behaviours believe see what they are doing as acceptable and conventional;
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• …most followers have not totally rejected society’s norms and beliefs-they have simply redefined them or put a new spin on them.
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For this reason…
• Social movements have often been investigated side by side with collective behaviours.
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Social movements
• Social movements may be defined as "“organized efforts by a substantial number of people to promote or resist change in some aspect or aspects of society”
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• The traditional view of social movements sees them as something very similar to collective behaviours, there are really no fundemental differences between them, especially in the initial stages of formation.….
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Early stage of social change
• . Occurs when conditions of strain have arisen but before social resources have been mobilized for a specific and possibly effective attack on the source of strain.\\
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A Comparision
• Collective Behaviour
• VS.
• Social Movements
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Similarities:
• • 1 First both are dynamic-they
reflect or help to generate social change-a stable society has little collective behaviour and probably no social movements…
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• 2. Second, both have an extra-institutional element-both violate mainstream society’s established norms, institutions or traditional values…both affront what “ought to be” rather than “what is”
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• 3. Third both collective behaviour and social movements are collective phenomena-
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Collective Behaviour
• Are people engaged in interaction with others…They are group creations….They are the product of actions, reactions, and interactions with and in the midst of other people.
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Differences:
• 1. Collective behaviour has be seen as different from the political rational approach
• -Most social movements cannot be fully explained in the way one accounts for some forms of collective behaviour like outbursts, fads ect
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• 2. Social movements can often be seen as more purposive, rational and goal oriented than some collective behaviours but not always…
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• 3. Some collective behaviours are viewed as irrational-trivial and silly-some riots are useless and destructive others are leading some where and may be closer to a social movement.
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• • Collective behaviour then, us the action of
the impatient whereas social movements may not..
• Historically, collective behaviour like social movements are associated with processes of structural reorganization.
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Exclusion
• • 1. Scheduled for specific times and
place-ways of celebrating, such a whooping, marching and so on…..Ceremonies for periodic reaffirmation.
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• 2. Lynching-a quasi institutional form of justice that forms out of weak civil relations, although at times it is crowd behaviour, at other terms like lynching bee connotes some form of organization.
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• 3. The audience-an institutionalized form-persons gather and follow institutionalized norms ie. Bravos…
• The audience can however, form the setting for collective behaviour-ie. Ford’s theatre when Lincoln was shot.
•
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• 4. Public opinion-collective episodes may constitute a part of `total public opinion’….the collective behavior may be when the crowd cheers when Bonnie and Clyde run with the money….many sympathize and at a certain moment, they may exercise collective behaviour.
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• 5. Propaganda- -“expression of an action deliberately designed to influence opinions or actions:
• Propaganda is related to collective behaviour in several ways: a. it may inspire collective action.