The Fertilizer sector in Thailand- Wannarut Chutibut
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Transcript of The Fertilizer sector in Thailand- Wannarut Chutibut
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The Role of Mineral Fertilizers in Transforming Agriculture in
ThailandWannarut Chutibut
Department of Agricultural
Thailand
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Location
Source : http://maps.google.co.th
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Economy and Population
2008 2009 2010 2011
Population(M persons)1 63.39 63.53 63.88 64.08
GDP real growth rate (%) 2 2.5 -2.3 7.8 0.1
Share of agriculture in total employment (%)3 45.56 45.05 44.83p 45.23e
Source : 1Department of Provincial Administration 2The Fiscal Policy Office 3Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE)
Remark : p = preliminary e = estimate
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Trends of chemical fertilizer use in Thailand 1970 – 2010
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
0
1000000
2000000
3000000
4000000
5000000
6000000
7000000
Total fertilizer ('000 Mt) Total nutrient ('000 Mt)
Source: 1.Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE) 2. Chatakom, 2003
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History of Rice Production, Area Harvested and Fertilizer Consumption
- 500.00
1,000.00 1,500.00 2,000.00 2,500.00 3,000.00 3,500.00 4,000.00
Rice production (0'000 t) Fertilizer consumption ('000 Mt)Linear (Fertilizer consumption ('000 Mt)) Area harvested (0'000 ha.)
Source: Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE)
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Fertilizer used by crop in 2010
Share of crops in fertilizer used
Fertilizer use ratio (kg/ha)
Rice46%
Maize6%
Cassava3%
Sugar cane7%
Para Rubber23%
Oil Palm8%
Others7%
Rice
Maize
Cassava
Sugarcane
Para Rubber
Oil Palm
221
297
167
36
713
829
fertilizer use (kg/ha)
Source: Office of Agricultural Economics (OAE)
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Case Study
Department of Rice conducted experiment to compare the rice yields between several methods of fertilizer input on the field in Phisanulok Province and used Phisanulok2 varieties.
In conclusion, the recommended method, input fertilizer follow soil test data, by using fertilizer rate 6-2-5 (N-P2O5-K2O) reduced the costs about 31% and increased yields about 2.8% when compared with the farmer method by applying fertilizer rate 16.25-0-1.25 (N-P2O5-K2O).
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Ratios of paddy price/fertilizer price
2537/38 2540/41 2543/44 2546/47 2551/520
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16Ratio of rice price/fertilizer ...
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Key Factors Affecting Fertilizer Use
OAE Case Study : year 1967-1990
Major rice : Rice prices encouraged fertilizer use by 1.09 %
Second rice : Harvested areas encouraged fertilizer use by 1.07 %
Upland field crop : Harvested area encouraged fertilizer use by 3.24 %
Fruit tree and perennial crop : Harvested area encouraged fertilizer use by 15.64 % and fertilizer prices decreased fertilizer use by 1.60 %
Vegetable and ornamental plant : Fertilizer prices decreased fertilizer use by 1.26 %
Harvested area
Fertilizer price Product priceOAE Case Study : year 1984 -2006 Harvested areas:
encouraged fertilizer use by16.41 %
Fertilizer prices: decreased fertilizer use by 1.05 %
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Share by country of origin Share by product
CIS16%
Saudi Arabia15%
China13%
Korea9%
Qatar7%
Canada6%
Norway4%
Others29%
46-0-037%
0-0-6014%
16-20-010%
18-46-07%
16-16-167%
15-15-157%
21-0-05%
Others13%
Fertilizer Importations in 2011
Total Import 5.64 Million Mt. fertilizerTotal Import 2.59 Million Mt. Nutrient
Source: Office of Agricultural Regulation, Department of Agriculture
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
Fertilizer Production
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• 540,000 Mt for Ammonium Sulfate plant as by product
• 1.2 million Mt for the largest granulation plant
Installed Capacity and production by products and raw materials
• Private
Thai Ownership
• Granulation• Bulk Blending• A few plants of AS
Nature of production
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Fertilizer Price
Price by Product in 2011 (THB/Mt)
Price of Urea ; 2000-2011 (THB/Mt)
46-0-0 16-20-0 16-16-8 15-15-150
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000 Retail priceWholesale priceCIF
20002001
20022003
20052006
20072008
20092010
2011 -
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000 Retail priceWholesale priceCIF
Source: Office of Agricultural Regulation, Department of Agriculture
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Quality Control of fertilizer
Fertilizer Act B.E. 2518 and Fertilizer Act B.E. 2518 Amended by Fertilizer Act (No.2) B.E. 2550
Controlled by Office of Agricultural Regulation, Department of Agriculture (DOA)
DOA inspectors inspect fertilizer from retailer, wholesaler and manufacturer and send to DOA laboratory for nutrients analysis.
Quality problems are mostly from the bulk blending fertilizer because of its homogeneity. The size different, density, hardness and feature make fertilizer aggregated between transportation
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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Trade and tariffsNo taxes for Import
No tariff
No Subsidies
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
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The way forward
Demand-Supply
Increasing of harvested area from year 2003 (%)
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia
19811985
19891993
19972001
20052009
-
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,000
7,000,000
Use Import
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Para Rubber
Oil Palm
Rice
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Kob Khun Ka
September 25-27, 2013ReSAKSS Asia- Cambodia