THE FEN CARBONATITE COMPLEX, ULEFOSS, SOUTH NORWAY...Exploranium GR820 gamma-ray spectrometer with...

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THE FEN CARBONATITE COMPLEX,

ULEFOSS, SOUTH NORWAY

Summary of historic work and data

Compiled and prepared by 21st NORTH, Svendborg 12 May 2011 in commission for REE Minerals, Norway

________________________ ________________________

Anders Lie M.Sc. Geology Claus Østergaard M.Sc. Geology

21st NORTH 21st NORTH

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 PROJECT HIGHLIGTHS

2 REGIONAL SETTING

3 HISTORIC EXPLORATION AND MINING

3.1 The Fen iron mines 1657-1927

3.2 The Soeve niobium mines 1953-1965

3.3 Geophysical surveying and exploration for Th

and REE

3.4 Junior exploration activities 2000-

4 GEOLOGY

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Rocks of igneous origin

4.3 Metasomatic alteration and associated rocks

5 LICENSE AREA – REE MINERALS

6 RADIOMETRY

7 REE MINERALISATION IN THE FEN COMPLEX

7.1 Introduction

7.2 NGU works in the 1960s and 1970s

7.3 Results

8 EXPLORATION IN RECENT YEARS

9 SLAG DUMP AT SOEVE NIOBIUM MINE

10 REFERENCES

APPENDIX A-C

A Rock samples – NGU 1967-1970

B Drill hole data

C Radiometry and rock sample anomaly maps

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1. Project highlights

� 9km2 world famous carbonatite complex sited at excellent position in south Norway

� Previously mined for iron from 1657-1927 [c. 1 Mt) and for niobium from 1953 to 1965

� Limited knowledge on full REE composition – The majority of historic drill and surface rock data were only

assayed for La, Sm, Eu, Yb and Y. A limited number of metallurgical samples and drill hole sections were also

assayed for Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Dy.

� The Norwegian geological survey [NGU] conducted a detailed study on the REE potential from 1967-1970

focussed on the north-eastern part of the complex. The following main results and conclusions were

obtained:

o The best grades were observed in hematite-rich carbonatite (rodbergite) and iron (hematite)-ore

o Metallurgical recoveries were low due to very fine grain-size of RE oxides (1µ). The grains size of

RE oxides in calcite- (50-70% >43µ) and ankerite-dolomite carbonatite is significantly larger (70-

90% > 43µ).

o Bulk sampling of iron rich carbonatite (rodbergite) returned 2.8% TREO [8 elements + Y]

o Ankerite-calcite-dolomite carbonatite (rauhaugite) returns 1.51% TREO over 170 meter strike

length [8 elements + Y]

o Drill hole F1 returns 1.03% REO over 251 meters [6 elements + Y]



� Grab sampling with up to 4% REE and >50% Fe are reported from the untested Bjoerndalen area by junior

exploration companies

� Carbonatite samples in distal parts of complex return up to 0.44% Y

� Slag dump at the historic Soeve niobium process plant comprises c. 600 tonnes of aluminum-rich waste

material with an average grade of 1.12% REOs [Ce, La, Nd, Pr + Y]

� 50m line spacing heli-borne radiometric survey was completed by NGU in 2006 outlining near-surface

thorium, uranium and potassium anomalies

� The Fen carbonatite complex hosts one of the world´s largest known thorium deposits. Uranium levels are

low

� Excellent infrastructure and gentle terrain mostly comprising farmlands and forest in the license area

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2. Regional Setting

The Fen Complex, an early Cambrian intrusive complex of alkaline rocks and carbonatites, is situated in Nome

municipality, Telemark County, 119 kilometers southwest of Oslo in the vicinity of the late Palaeozoic alkaline Oslo

Rift. The intrusion has a roughly circular outcrop of 9 km2 and is placed within Mesoproterozoic Telemark gneisses,

which form part of the Gothian-Sveconorwegian terrane of southern Scandinavia (fig.1).

The eastern parts of the complex are strongly enriched in REEs and the radioactive element thorium-232, and to a

much lesser degree uranium-238. Concentrations of thorium in the eastern part of the complex are so significant that

Norway is considered to host one of the world’s largest thorium deposits (OECD NEA and IAEA 2006).

The location became famous in the geological community in 1921, after Broegger published his classic work on the

intrusion. Broegger believed that carbonate rocks in the Fen Complex were of magmatic origin, and became one of the

first proponents of the existence of carbonate magmas. The, at that time outrageous claim, was first generally

accepted when carbonate lava was observed flowing from the Oldoinyo Lengai, a volcano in Tanzania early in the

1960s. Broegger introduced the term “carbonatite” for carbonate rocks of apparent magmatic origin, and named many

rock types in this suite after localities in the Fen region. Today, the Fen complex is widely recognized as the type

locality for carbonatites

3. Historic exploration and mining

The Fen Complex has an old and interesting exploration history comprising several episodes of mining initiated as

early in the mid-seventeenth century and later substantial work in the 1960s and -70s by the Norwegian Geological

Survey [NGU] outlining the REE potential Most recently the complex has been surveyed for radiogenic elements,

notably thorium.

3.1 The Fen iron mines 1657-1927

Iron ores associated with the carbonatites were worked in the eastern part of the Fen Complex for several hundred

years involving both open pit as well as underground mining. The ore comprised hematite-rich carbonatites, known

as rodbergite, which follows a system of N-S trending veins and dykes.

Mining took place at several localities in and around the central complex with iron grades generally in excess of 50%

Fe. The most extensive workings were in the Gruveåsen area, close to the eastern margin of the intrusion where

operations by the 1920s had reached a level 225 meters below the surface of Lake Norsjø. Today, the existing surface

exposures of both ore and associated carbonatite are deeply weathered and the underground workings of the mines

are not open to the public without permission. Fresh exposures are mostly found along road sections in the vicinity of

the mining areas.

3.2 Soeve niobium mine 1953-1965

The carbonatites of the Fen area are geochemically enriched in niobium. The main niobium-bearing mineral,

pyrochlore was identified already in 1918 in a soevite rock next to Lake Norsjø. The niobium potential was first

investigated in the late 30s by the Norwegian state and later by the Germans during the 2nd WW who did a

considerable research work with the aim of exploiting the resource. After the war, partly driven by American interest,

a state-owned company, Norsk Bergverk A/S, was formed in 1951 in order to produce niobium concentrate and

ferroniob from the pyrochlore-bearing soevites. The average grade was about 0.35-0.4% Nb2O5. After extensive

development work and ore dressing tests, mining started in 1953 as a quarry near Lake Norsjø. Further development

involved construction of a 900 meter tunnel (Tuftestollen) towards the central parts of the soevite area producing

about 100.000 to 150.000 tons of raw ore annually. The mining operations and development work carried out by

Norsk Bergverk A/S have given a good knowledge of the structures in the soevite rocks and of the niobium

mineralisation including the peripheral ore bodies at the Cappelen and Hydro deposits. The niobium mineralisation

seems to be connected with N-S trending, partly brecciated, zones in the carbonatites.

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Waste material from the production of ferroniob from the production was dumped as an aluminum-rich slag at a

small hill next to the production plant in Soeve. The slag includes comprises 570 tonnes, which was covered and

sealed by marine clays afterwards. The material is rich in radioactive elements and REEs (>1% REO). Leaching of the

slag has enriched radiation locally and polluted nearby water ways; however, a strategy for handling and storing the

material has not been decided upon by the local Municipality.

3.3 Geophysical surveying and exploration for Th and REE

1940s: Due to the extensive Quaternary clay cover in the Fen area, early geological mapping was supported by a

ground-based geomagnetic survey using a 25 meter grid. Several, at that time, hidden rock units and contacts were

outlined by this method. It was also discovered that the hematite was non-magnetic and only detected when

associated with disseminated magnetite.

1950s-1970s: Prospecting carried out by Norsk Bergverk A/S during niobium mining in the 1950s and -60s showed a

rather strong radioactivity in several parts of the Fen Complex. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the highest

concentration of REEs generally coincided with high Th contents. However, a planned study of the Th and REE

potential was never carried out due to economic problems in the company.

FSJ [a state-governed research group prospecting for REEs] was formed in 1967 as a national survey program for

REEs in Norway and continued until 1970. C. 200 rock samples were collected along road sections and from historic

mining pits in the Fen complex and historic drill holes were resampled and analysed. In addition, three new diamond

drill holes were completed in what was regarded as the most prospective areas.

The program concluded that substantial deposits of REEs occurred in an area of app. 1km2 next to the historic Fen

mining area. This area generally coincides with the iron-rich rodbergite, but also in the unaltered carbonatites

significant enrichment of REEs was identified.

Part of the sample and drill material was subjected to mineralogical studies and beneficiation test work carried out by

the NGU; however, results were mostly discouraging with low recoveries due to the fine grain size of the ore.

1980s-1990s: Dahlgren (1983) published a map showing gamma-ray exposure rates 1 m above the ground over the

Fen Complex around the nearby town of Ulefoss. Comparison with measurements on core samples showed that

extremely high thorium concentrations, accompanied by elevated uranium concentrations in the carbonatites, were

responsible for the high exposure rates. Between 1993 and 2000, indoor radon measurements were carried out in

about 250 dwellings in Nome municipality by the company Labnet and the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority.

2000-: Based on the realization that high levels of radon were emitted in houses and constructions of the Fen area, the

NGU conducted an aerial radiometric survey in 2006. Helicopter measurements were carried out using a 256-channel

Exploranium GR820 gamma-ray spectrometer with sodium iodide detector packs. An area of about 20 km2 over the

Fen Complex and nearby town of Ulefoss was surveyed. To ensure a uniform and dense data coverage, the

measurements were performed along parallel lines with a narrow line spacing of 50 m. The average flying altitude

during the measurements was 45 m and an average speed of 70 km h-1 resulted in measurement intervals of app. 20

m.

3.4 Junior exploration activities 2000- Several Norwegian junior companies have claims within the Fen complex, but no systematic exploration has been

carried out for REEs. Unconfirmed data from Thorium Norway´s website report grab samples with up to 4% REE and

50% Fe from the Bjoerndalen area in the southeastern part of the license area.

REE Minerals are presently exploring for REEs in the southern and eastern part of the complex with focus on the

mostly sediment covered extension of known mineralisation at Gruveåsen and Rauhaug. This report forms the initial

part of an exploration campaign taking place in 2011 with 21st NORTH as operator.

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4. Geology

4.1 Introduction

The Fen Complex has an irregular, circular-shaped surface structure with a size of app. 9km2, and formed when

alkaline magmas intruded into 1105 Ma Precambrian Telemark gneisses in the Late Neoproterozoic (fig.1). The

complex has an age of c. 583 ± 10 Ma. Today, only the feeder pipe is visible at the surface because the upper 1–2 km of

the former volcanic edifice has been eroded away. However, gravity modeling shows that the Fen Complex extends to

at least 15 km depth. Today, large parts of the Fen Complex are covered by post-glacial allochthonous marine silt and

clay deposits (~60% of the surface area) that can reach a thickness of several tens of meters. There appears to be no

single contact between the edge of the complex, but rather a gradational series of intensely altered rocks whose

primary character is obscured by contact metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration, veining and possible brecciation.

Comprehensive descriptions of surface geology are given by Broegger (1921) and Saether (1957). The geological

mapping has been based on small and infrequent exposures due to the heavy Quaternary cover. Some descriptions of

rocks are likewise based on erratic blocks rather than in situ exposures.

The country rock of the Fen Complex is predominantly a felsic, medium-grained, migmatitic gneiss, comprising quartz,

perthitic microcline, oligoclase, dark-brown biotite and green hornblende, with subordinate opaque’s, apatite, allanite,

titanite and zircon, interpreted as foliated granite and possibly metavolcanic rocks. Towards the margin of the Fen

Complex the gneiss shows a gradual increasing brecciation and a gradual increasing replacement of the original

biotite, hornblende and quartz by aggregates of Na-pyroxenes and Na-amphiboles. Microcline gives way to

mesoperthite and chessboard albite aggregates. Plagioclase shows a gradual increasing saussuritization. Close to the

rocks of the Fen Complex, plagioclase is replaced by clear aggregates of albite. The fenitised zone around the Fen

Complex has a maximum width of 200-300 m, sometimes only a few meters and is best preserved along the western

and southern margins. However, outside this zone there are many occurrences of minerals typical for fenitisation.

The principal types of carbonatite in the Fen Complex are soevite (a calcite carbonatite), rauhaugite (ankeritic or

ferrodolomitic carbonatite) and rodbergite (a hematite-carbonate rock). Steeply dipping iron-ore veins occur mainly

in the hematite-rich rodbergite. REE and thorium concentrations are particularly high within the rodbergite and

ankerite carbonatite (rauhaugite) and associated iron-ore veins.

Basic alkaline silicate rocks of the ijolite and melteigite group (rocks consisting of nepheline and pyroxene) occur in

the south western part of the complex. A minor area in the south central part of the complex consists of vipetoite; a

coarse-grained cumulate rock consisting of amphibole, pyroxene, phlogopite and apatite. Damtjernite, a porphyritic

ultramafic lamprophyre with megacrysts of phlogopite, amphibole, pyroxene and olivine, occurs as minor bodies

scattered within the Fen Complex. Diatremes and dykes of damtjernite, and dykes of carbonatite and phonolite

(‘tinguaites’) penetrate the Proterozoic basement surrounding the Fen Complex, and have been discovered up to 47

km from the complex.

4.2 Rocks of igneous origin

Basic rocks: In the central southwestern parts of the Fen complex several associated igneous basic rocks characterized

by the main minerals nepheline, aegirine and augite and lack of feldspar dominate the map pattern. In parts of the

region they are transformed into biotite-calcite or chlorite-calcite rocks. They include (in order of decreasing

nepheline content):

Urtite: Consisting mainly of nepheline (70-90%) together with pyroxene and biotite.

Ijolite: Consisting of nepheline and aegirine-augite in equal amounts.

Meltgeite: Has aegirine-augite as its main constituent, with up to 30% nepheline.

Vipetoite: Consists of augite, amphibole, biotite and minor calcite. Titanomagnetite, apatite, pyrite, titanite and

occasionally melanite and cancrinite occur as accessories.

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Fig.1. Geological sketch map of the Fen Complex, superimposed on part of the 5th NOR edition of the 1:50,000

topographical map-sheet UMT 1713 IV Nordagutu 1964.

Lamphrophyric rocks: Gravity investigations by Ramberg in the 60s and 70s established that the various rocks

outcropping in the Fen Complex form only a thin cap on top of a vertical cylindrical body at least 15 km deep

consisting of igneous material with a density of about 3.10 g cm3. This material was believed by Ramberg to be

damtjernite, a phlogopite-bearing, ultramafic lamprophyre, which also occur as isolated bodies throughout the

complex. The mantle origin of the damkjernite is indicated by the presence of lherzolite nodules. The differentiation

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processes producing the damkjernite magma probably occurred at or below the base of the continental crust, which is

now at least 33 to 34 km below the Fen area.

Damtjernite: Is distinguished by phenocrysts of biotite in a fine-grained matrix of pyroxene, amphibole, biotite,

nepheline, feldspar and calcite in varying proportions. Phlogopite occurs as coatings on biotite and accessory minerals

include apatite, ilmenite, chromite, pyrite and titanite. The rock often forms intrusive breccias including fragments of

gneiss, fenite, basic rocks and carbonatites.

Carbonatitic rocks:

Calcite carbonatite (soevite): A carbonate rock of variable composition, consisting mostly of calcite with subordinate

silicates. The grain size varies from fine-grained, almost marble-like texture, to coarse-grained carbonatite. Ankerite

and dolomite occur in variable amounts and in places can become quite dominant, in which case the rock is called

rauhaugite. Mica, magnetite, pyrochlore and apatiite occur as accesory minerals.

Ankerite-dolomite carbonatite (rauhaugite): An iron-magnesium rich carbonate rock dominated by ankerite and

dolomite as rock forming minerals.

Hematite-ankerite carbonatite (rodbergite): Meaning red rock, an iron-rich carbonate rock (with calcite and ankerite in

varying proportions), which is red-coloured from finely dispersed hematite along NW-SE striking fissures. Locally, the

hematite becomes the main consitutent and form iron ore. The rock is generally highly enriched in thorium and REEs.

The texture is mostly fine to very fine-grained with hematite occuring as poikilitic inclusions in calcite and along

grain-boundaries. In thin section the rock appears full of reddish dust particles.

4.3 Metasomatic alteration and associated rocks

Emplacement of the Fen peralkaline-carbonatitic complex 583±10 Ma ago in the older Telemark gneisses caused

mineralogical, chemical and Sr-isotopic changes, i.e., fenitisation, in the country rocks. Fenitisation involved at least

two main phases of brecciation, creating pathways for the fenitising fluids, and at least two main phases of

metasomatic alteration of varying degree. In some places the fenite only constitutes a narrow zone between the

intrusive rocks of the Fen complex and the country gneiss whereas other parts, mostly towards the south and west,

are characterized by several hundred meters wide areas with fenitisation. Weaker signs of fenitisation, mostly as

discrete alkaline veins or sheets, occur several kilometers away from the complex.

Fenite: refers to an alkali syenitic rock formed by metasomatic alteration and is found in peripheral parts of the Fen

intrusion. The main minerals in the rock are alkali feldspar, partly as a characteristic microperthite, aegirine, aegirine-

augite and minor Na-amphibole. Apatite, zircon and pyrite occur as accessory minerals. The rock form through

breakdown and replacement of the original minerals of the gneiss such as biotite, hornblende and feldspar by alkaline

equivalents mentioned above.

Left: Hematite carbonatite (rodbergite) outcrop along new road to water tank at Bjoerndalen. Right: Calcium

carbonatite (soevite) with magnetite phenocrysts at road section next to Soeve.

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Examples of altered and fenitised country rock along the marginal part of the Fen complex.

Transitional rocks: Along the boundaries between the fenite and the basic rocks transitional types containing

nepheline, feldspar, pyroxene, biotite and melanite occur. Broegger referred to them as:

Juveite: A nepheline syenite with orthoclase, nepheline, aegirine, biotite and minor calcite

Tveitaiste: A melanocratic rock consisting of alkali feldspar and aegirine-augite (shonkinite)

Kampreite: A melanocratic rock with alkali feldspar and biotite

Malignite: Consisting of alkali feldspar, nepheline and aegirine-augite

Tinguaite: A leucocratic dyke rock

These rocks have their widest development in the southern part of the Fen area, but are also found in the northern

part. They are invariably surrounded, and always separated from the basement rocks, by a zone of fenite. In general,

they have low content of REEs.

5. License area – REE minerals

All parts of the Fen carbonatite complex are presently covered by minerals exploration or exploitation claims (fig.2).

The central western parts of the complex next to the town of Ulefoss are claimed by the Norwegian State (license

dated back to 1987) whereas the eastern central parts including the far majority of the historic iron mining areas is

claimed by Cappelen, the old iron mining family in Ulefoss. Cappelen also have exploitation right within the area

dating back to 1981 but no initiatives to mine either iron or REEs has been taken to date. REE Minerals (previously

known as Thorium Norway) has control of exploration rights covering the eastern and southernmost extension of the

carbonatites extending into the fenitised gneiss along the margin of the intrusive complex. Areas of immediate

interest within the license include the Fensmyra and Bjoerndalen valley, which for most parts are covered by

farmland and forest (fig.3). Outcrops are scarce, mostly observed along road sections and as scattered lenses within

higher levels of the forest. The main consideration of exploration work is to evaluate the extent of carbonatite and

rodbergite towards south and east, which presently is unknown due to the extensive cover of marine sediments.

Suggested exploration includes the use of various geophysical approaches such as magnetic/gravimetric surveys and

MMI soil sampling combined with the existing radiometric data set in order to define the most promising drill targets.

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Fig.2. License map of the Ulefoss/Fen area centered on the carbonatite complex. REE Minerals´ has control of claims

covering the eastern and southernmost parts of the complex bordering the historic iron mining locations, which is known

to host significant REE mineralisation.

6. Radiometry

During the period of niobium mining it was realized that some parts of the carbonatite complex were highly

radioactive. In 1955 and 1956 a study of the radioactivity was completed by Norsk Bergverk A/S, which showed that

especially the old iron minings around Gruveåsen in the eastern part of the complex showed very high concentrations

of thorium and REEs. Uranium levels on the other hand are generally low.

A complete radiometric survey was not conducted until 2006 were the NGU launched an airborne survey of the entire

complex to investigate radon radiation. Helicopter measurements were carried out using a 256-channel Exploranium

GR820 gamma-ray spectrometer with sodium iodide detector packs. An area of about 20 km2 over the Fen Complex

and nearby town of Ulefoss was surveyed. To ensure a uniform and dense data coverage, the measurements were

performed along parallel lines with a narrow line spacing of 50 m. The average flying altitude during the

measurements was 45 m and an average speed of 70 km h-1 resulted in measurement intervals of app. 20 m.

Thorium concentrations were shown to vary significantly within the complex, partly reflecting the complex geology of

the region (Figures 4a, b) and the footprint of human activities from historic mining and ore smelting (generating

spoil and slag heaps) as well as road and construction work in the area. In addition, the survey clearly outlined areas

with Quaternary marine cover. Only a few decimeters of fine-grained marine sediments are enough to effectively

shield gamma radiation emitted by underlying thorium- and uranium-bearing rocks. Consistent with this, areas of

fine-grained marine deposits in the Fen area are marked by low concentrations of thorium (< 20 ppm eTh) and

uranium (< 4 ppm eU) on figures 4a, b. Where rocks of the volcanic complex and their weathering products are at or

near the land surface, very high thorium concentrations (up to 1460 ppm eTh at Gruveasen) and significant uranium

concentrations are observed.

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Fig.3. Aerial photo of the Fen area overlain by radiometry (uranium) based on 2006 NGU survey. Simplified license

borders are shown as black lines. The area of interest within REE Minerals´ license is outlined by shaded white figure in

the south eastern part of the map.

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Fig.4a-b. Concentration of a) thorium and b) uranium isotopes at surface within the Fen complex based on 2006 heli-

borne radiometric survey conducted by the NGU. Areas with >560 ppm Th and 13 ppm U are shown in black. White lines

define area with radiation intensity > 20µR/h from historic ground surveys.

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Fig.5. Simplified geological map of the Fen carbonatite and fenitised country rock. Red and yellow lines outlines areas

with high concentration of thorium (>250 ppm) and uranium (>7 ppm) based on radiometric survey by NGU in 2006.

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7. REE Mineralisation In the Fen complex

7.1 Introduction

A large number of REE projects have seen the day within the last few years in order to develop reserves to

accommodate the growing and critical demand and to provide especially the western world with other import options

than China who has announced a potential export ban on certain elements. Very few of these projects are situated in

Europe, and the location of the Fen Complex in southern Norway is thus ideal to supply the European market. Despite

the present rush for REEs in most other parts of the world no exploration work to date has been carried out in the Fen

carbonatite complex for REE deposits since the late 60s.

7.2 NGU work in the 1960s and 1970s

The earliest recordings of REEs in the Fen area were contemporary with working on the Soeve Niobium mines in the

late 50s by Norsk Bergverk A/S. Several assays of iron ore and rodbergite from various pits in the mining area

returned between 0.8-2% REE and 0.1-0.3% thorium. However, due to low grades of niobium in the areas of interest

no further work was carried out on the REE potential. The Fen iron ore typically occur as veins, lenses or dyke-like

bodies found within carbonatites or carbonatised gneisses in their immediate surroundings. They are most frequently

associated with hematite (±magnetite)-dolomite-calcic carbonatite (rodbergite) in the eastern part of the complex.

The individual ore lenses range in width from a few centimeters to several meters and may extend for tens of meters

along strike in an irregular en echelon northwest trending pattern. The ores may be classified as either hematite or

magnetite and occur as both massive and disseminated varieties.

In 1967, the state owned FSJ and NGU established an exploration program to outline resources and metallurgical

issues within the areas in the eastern part of the carbonatite complex that had seen iron and niobium mining in the

past. It was known that several rock types were highly radiogenic and Ce-rich REE carrying mineral phases were

known to occur within the carbonatites and iron ore.

The execution of the program was carried out by NGU and involved the following tasks:

� Geochemical analysis and mineralogical investigations on rock and drill core samples

� Radiometric surveys and measurements in parts of the Fen complex

� Beneficiation test work on rock and drill core samples

� A preliminary drill campaign to outline continuity, structural relationships and resources within the most

prospective parts of the complex

7.3 Results

Most samples were assayed for REEs and thorium at IFA in Norway whereas standard geochemical and whole-rock

analysis was done by the NGU.

Most samples were only assayed for a selected number of REEs including La, Sm, Eu, Yb and Y. A limited number of

metallurgical samples (table 1) and drill hole sections were also assayed for Ce, Pr, Nd, Gd and Dy. Historic rock and

drill data is included in Appendix A+B. It should be noted that some assays, especially for Sm vary significantly due to

analytical errors and it is highly recommended to regard the historic data set critically.

Rock and drill core samples:

A few hundred rock samples were collected during the prospecting work, mostly along road sections in the Fen iron

mining area and in the south-lying Gruveåsen. Other areas, which were sampled, include Rauhaug and Vipeto.

Unfortunately, most rock samples are without description, hence the only indication of rock type, texture and

composition is the geological map found in NGU reports from 1967-1970. In general, the samples from the Fen mining

area show high levels of REEs but with some variation. As part of the sampling program, a continuous profile of chip

samples was collected along an 800 meter road section in the northern part of the area next to Norsjø. The profile

corresponds to the highest levels of thorium and comprises 10 meter chip samples from west to east. The highest

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levels of REEs occur in the westernmost part of the road section within an area dominated by dolomite-ankerite

carbonatite (rauhaugite) and hematite-stained rodbergite returning 1.51% REO over 170 meters [9 elements + Y].

Rock sampling from areas outside of the Fen Mining area is collected much less extensive and systematic and is

generally confined to the Fen, Rauhaug and Vipeto areas. The best grades occur in rauhaugite and rodbergite with

grades up to 4200 ppm La and more interestingly a few samples with Y values up to 4400 ppm (samples only assayed

for La, Sm, Eu, Yb and Y). The La levels correspond to the higher grade sections of the Fen Mining area whereas high Y

levels are not recorded in other parts of the complex. In general, it is obvious that additional rock sampling is required

in the mores distal parts of the carbonatite complex.

In addition to rock sampling, several historic drill holes were re-sampled and assayed for a number of REEs. An

overview of re-sampled drill hole sections is found in Appendix B. Unfortunately, the exact location and orientation of

some drill holes is unknown. Information on the location and orientation of drill holes is compiled in Appendix B 1-2).

The following list includes a brief overview of re-sampled historic drill holes:

� Historic drill core samples from Tuftefeltet:

o 197 samples from holes T9, T11, T12, T13, T14, T16, T18, T21 and T23 (comprising soevites, rauhaugites

and rodbergite rock)

� Historic drill core samples from Soeve niobium plant/Cappelen field

o 11 samples from holes C11 and C43 (next to Norsjø)

� Historic drill core samples from Bolladalen

o 84 samples from holes B.1, B.2 and Bolla (same location)

� Historic drill core samples from the Tuftestollen adit

o 25 samples from hole Ts7 (drilled for pyrochlore mineralisation)

The samples from Tuftefeltet defines an east-west going profile of drill holes, which show a clear enrichment of REEs

from west towards the Fen mining area in the east. This enrichment is first noticed in DH T16 with maximum values

in DH T21. Especially La demonstrates this trend very clearly with La levels increasing from 100-200 ppm up to 3000

ppm in DH T21. Also Sm and Eu show a threefold increase from west to east. Yttrium levels are relatively constant.

In 1970, the NGU completed three new drill holes based on the mapping and results from samples collected the

previous years. All holes were drilled in the Bolladalen area at Gruveåsen with a total length of 510.35 meters. The

holes are designated F1 to F3 (Appendix B).

� F1: Carbonatite and rodbergite with an avg. grade of 1.03% REO over 251 meters [6 elements + Y]

� F2: Carbonatite w/minor magnetite with an avg. grade of 1.06% REO over 190 meters [8 elements + Y]

� F3: Mostly rodbergite w/minor carbonatite and damtjernite. Limited zones with rich hematite-ore with an

average grade of 1.32% REO over 31 meters [8 elements + Y]

The general sample length was between 3 and 5 meters and all samples were split in half with one part retained in the

core box and the other prepped and sent to analysis. A total of 115 samples were assayed.

Mineralogy and metallurgical testing:

Historic academic geochemical work and mineralogical studies within the Fen complex has shown that REE

abundances increase in the order ijolite-damtjernite<soevite-rauhaugite<rodbergite reflecting the differentiation order

of the magma with highest REE concentration in the latest forming rocks. Based on the collected samples and work

scope, the NGU concluded that the old iron mining area and Gruveåsen had the best potential for finding an economic

REE deposit. Here, large and continuous areas with hematite-rich carbonatite occur with a high average content of

REEs around 1.5% REO. Smaller bodies may return significantly higher grade.

Mineral separation and mineralogical studies concluded that the REE ore mainly consisted of the following minerals

(R = rare earth element, dominated by Ce and La):

� Monazite R PO4

� Bastnaesite R CO3 F

� Synchisite R Ca(CO3)2 F

� Parisite R2 Ca(CO3)3 F2

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The NGU subjected a number of samples to metallurgical test work in order to evaluate the mineralogy and a

workable flow sheet to concentrate the REEs. The samples were mostly collected as mini-bulk samples of a few

hundred kilos or reject material from the drill holes. Sample material was analysed and processed by the NGU in

Trondheim, IFA and the Fiskaa Verk.

The iron-ore and fine-grained hematite-carbonatites (rodbergite) contains up to 95% hematite and in general differs

from other known deposits of REEs by the high content of iron. The sample material generally proved difficult to

concentrate through grinding and magnetic separation and roasting with recoveries around 50% (“hematite malm”

sample). REE minerals (dominated by monazite) are very fine-grained with sizes around 1µ and irregular grain

boundaries and required grinding down to >78% at -200 mesh. Flotation studies using 250 kg 1:5 diluted H2SO4 and

accessory NaClO3 as oxidation source per tonnes sample material proved effective but are obviously a more costly

solution. After a few hours in the acid the material was filtered and NaOH added. From this solution a pure

concentrate of thorium and REOs was produced with a recovery of c. 90%. A high concentration of calcium may

inhibit filtration but was not a problem in samples with CaO < 10wt. %.

Mineralogical studies showed that the samples “Vegskæring” and “Bolladalen” (table 1) are more coarse-grained with

good liberation around 100-120 mesh grinding with a grain size of 50-90% > 43µ. Magnetite separation shows that

the individual fractions following were rich in REOs, mostly comprising parisite and synchisite. Preliminary flotation

studies did, however, not produce a satisfying concentrate.

Based on the mineralogical and metallurgical test work the NGU concluded that three types of ore could be identified:

� Very fine-grained hematite ore, representing vein type mineralisation from the Fen mining/Gruveåsen area

(represented by the “hematite malm” ore sample) with a REO content (including 8 RE elements + Y) of

c.2.8%. REE minerals primarily occur as coatings of monazite on hematite often as sub-microscopic

recrystallisation products forming inhomogeneous aggregates or “clouds” of very fine-grained REE minerals

(grain size of 1µ).

� Dolomite-ankerite carbonatite from the road section next to the Fen mining area (represented by the

“vegskjæring” ore sample) with an REO content (including 8 RE elements + Y) of c. 1.5%. RE minerals are

belonging to the bastnaesite group and are significantly more coarse-grained than in the hematite-rich

samples (50-70% >43 µ). Part of the REOs occur intergrown with hematite.

� Gruveåsen ore comprising hematite-rich carbonatite (represented by the “Bolladalen” ore sample) with a

REO content of c. 1.6% (including 8 RE elements + Y). RE minerals are belonging to the bastnaesite group and

are significantly more coarse-grained than in the hematite-rich samples (70-90% >43 µ).

Sample ID Description

1 Hematite ore, Hoved Berghallen - Fens Gruvene.

2 "Vegskjæring""pure" carbonatite/dolomite-ankerite, road cut at Fens gruvene. 200 kg bulk sample comprising 50 kg

samples I, III, IX and X corresponding to sample 121-137 (170 m)

3 "Hematit malm"200 kg Hematite ore from small vein (0,5m) at Fens Gruvene next to sample 150. Road c. 70m V of

"grundstoll" at Fens Gruvene

4 "Bolladalen"4* 50 kg bulk samples comprising V, VI, VII, VIII from Gruveåsen. Hematite-calcite rock w/ minor silicates

"Bolladalen"

5 DH F2 avg over 190 meters

6 DH F3 avg over 31 meters

Table 1. Description, geochemical and mineralogical results from processing of six mini-bulk samples from the Fen area

(continued on next page).

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Sample ID Y [ppm] La [ppm] Ce [ppm] Pr [ppm] Nd [ppm] Sm [ppm] Eu [ppm] Gd [ppm] Dy [ppm]

1 145 8500 570 92

2 "Vegskjæring" 182 3045 6475 883 1845 300 71 68 70

3 "Hematit malm" 220 4760 9800 2000 5700 1060 130 61 270

4 "Bolladalen" 240 2150 6940 905 2900 450 86 56 105

5 184 2400 5900 243 57 317

6 355 2400 7700 325 68 435

Sample IDTotal REE

[ppm]

Total REO

[ppm]

Dissolved

HCl/HNO3

silicates [%]

Carbonates

[%]

Hematite

[%]

RE-min.

[%]Apatite [%] Sulphides [%]

1 9307 10889 7 19 63 4 4 2,5

2 "Vegskjæring" 12939 15139 8 85 2,5 1 3,5

3 "Hematit malm" 24001 28081 7,4 14 69 5 2,5

4 "Bolladalen" 13832 16183 3,9 67 26 3 1,5 3,5

5 9101 10648

6 11283 13201

Table 1. Description, geochemical and mineralogical results from processing of six mini-bulk samples from the Fen area.

8. Exploration in recent years

The Fen complex has seen very limited exploration activity for REEs after the NGU terminated their campaign in 1970.

The historic iron mining family, Cappelen, has retained an exploitation license covering the majority of the known

iron-rich rodbergite outcrops and the Norwegian State has large claims in the westernmost parts of the carbonatite

towards the town of Ulefoss. A few Norwegian junior exploration companies including REE Minerals have claims in

the remaining and more distal parts of the complex where outcrops of carbonatite and iron-rich rocks is less common

due to extensive marine cover and agricultural farmland. The radiometric survey from 2006 suggests that the

easternmost parts of these areas may include significant hidden bodies of carbonatites, which can only be targeted by

drilling.

Surface exploration has by all means been very limited only including a few random samples from areas with high

radioactivity in the Bjoerndalen area to the southeast. Grab sampling from these localities has returned up to 4%

TREO (unconfirmed data – Thorium Norway).

9. The slag dump at soeve niobium plant

Norsk Bergverk A/S exploited niobium in soevite during the period 1953-1965, mainly the supplying the American

steel industry after the 2nd WW. The ore graded app. 0.35-0.4% Nb hosted by the minerals pyrochlore ((Na, Ca) Nb2O6

(OH, F)), columbite (FeNb2O6) and fersmite ((Ca, Ce, Na) (Nb, Ta, Ti) (O, OH, F)6. These minerals also contain small

amounts of uranium, thorium, tantalum and REEs.

A considerable amount of industrial slag was deposited next to the mining area and comprises two main types of

material: (1) leftovers from production of niobium concentrate and (2) the metallurgical product ferroniob,

respectively. Production of these materials took place at the Soeve plant and involved standard grinding, washing,

magnetic separation and flotation procedures to separate and concentrate the niobium from the ore.

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Waste material from the production of niobium concentrate included light minerals such as calcite, apatite and mica,

as well as accessory non-soluble niobium minerals, which were deposited at Lake Norsjø among others. Apparently

the addition of calcium has had a positive effect on the fish stocks and the deposit does not represent any

environmental hazard.

During the period of ferroniob production, a total amount of c. 600 tonnes of slag was deposited on the slope next to

the processing plant. The slag dump was following covered by marine clays. Part of the niobium material was

however also unintentionally mixed with the soil for construction on the plant and is referred to as “washing soil”. It

has long been known that the slag was radioactive and several studies has thus been undertaken to investigate the

composition and potential health issues the material may cause. Chemically, the material is dominated by aluminum

(53% Al2O3), niobium (9% Nb2O5) and calcium (CaO) with minor amounts of manganese, titanium, barium and

sodium. The concentration of uranium, thorium, REEs, tantalum and zircon makes up several percent of the total

waste.

The Norwegian Geotechnical Institute [NGI] completed a study in 2009 concluding that radiation is primarily

comprising gamma- and radon emission from thorium and uranium, which varies considerably in the area.

Furthermore, the concentration of certain heavy metals such as uranium, thorium and arsenic is also higher than the

accept criteria (fig.6).

It has been suggested that the slag dump is either concealed on site (estimated to cost 12 million NOK) or are removed

and deposited somewhere else (the Gulen plant where low radioactive material from the North Sea is presently stored

is an option). The estimated price for removing the slag material is 190 million NOK. The Norwegian state has

earmarked a large funding for this purpose although no action has been taken to date by the municipality of Nome.

Alternatively the slag is processed and recovered for its precious metals such as REEs and tantalum. However, the

limited size of the slag dump makes it questionable whether such a production would be feasible.

Fig 6. Aerial photo from 1965 covering the Soeve processing plant separated into areas of potential pollution: RED: areas

with high levels of radiation (>5mSv/yr) and some heavy metals. YELLOW: Considerable radiation (>3mSv/yr). GREEN:

Variable radiation with point areas having high levels due to storage of radioactive soil.

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Oxide wt% Soeve 1 Soeve 2 Soeve 3 Soeve 4 Avg. Soeve 1-4

Soeve 5 Washing Soil

Nb- konc.

Ferro- niob metal %

FeNb

Si02 5,26 5,09 3,44 4,87 4,67 28,50 3,20 Si 2,66

Ti02 2,92 8,88 6,76 4,52 5,77 1,30 7,50 Ti 0,35

Al203 48,85 52,58 54,92 55,70 53,01 7,80 0,10 Al nd

Fe203 0,07 0,09 1,22 0,10 0,37 29,80 15,90 Fe 41,08

MoO 0,51 0,66 0,48 0,43 0,52 0,30 0,90 Mo 0,47

MgO 5,97 0,56 0,65 0,53 1,93 1,90 0,20 Mg nd

CaO 7,05 7,73 9,62 7,52 7,98 11,70 4,80 Ca 0,09

Na20 4,33 4,40 3,56 5,53 4,46 1,30 0,20 Na 0,77

K20 0,05 0,04 0,05 0,04 0,05 1,60 nd K nd

P205 nd 0,02 nd nd 0,80 0,50 P 0,10

BaO 4,27 3,40 3,09 6,24 4,25 1,50 1,40 Ba 0,03

SrO 0,41 0,27 0,27 0,59 0,39 0,10 0,20 Sr nd

Nb205 12,17 8,51 9,21 5,06 8,74 10,40 60,30 Nb 52,92

Ta205 2,14 0,71 0,71 1,79 1,34 0,20 0,30 Ta 0,70

Zr02 1,30 2,41 1,87 1,62 1,80 0,40 1,50 Zr nd

Th02 1,88 1,56 1,41 1,95 1,70 0,30 1,30 Th 0,10

U308 1,12 0,42 0,44 1,01 0,75 0,05 0,10 U nd

Y203 0,03 0,05 0,04 0,04 0,04 0,01 0,06 Y nd

Ce02 0,49 0,95 0,78 0,66 0,72 nd 0,60 Ce nd

Nd203 0,10 0,21 0,14 0,16 0,15 nd 0,20 Nd nd

La203 0,17 0,16 0,16 0,17 0,17 La nd

Pr6011 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,04 0,04 Pr nd

S03 0,02 0,06 0,04 1,40 0,50 S03 nd

CI nd 0,02 0,05 0,30 nd Cl nd

F 0,68 0,99 1,00 1,14 V 0,14

Sm203 0,02 0,02 Mo 0,07

Sc203 0,01 nd Co 0,05

V205 0,06 nd Sn 0,02

Total 99,14 99,88 99,91 99,80 99,66 99,76 Sum 99,55

Table 2. XRF analysis and average grade of slag material from the Soeve niobium plant. Soeve 1 to 4 represent slag

material and Soeve 5 so-called “washing soil”. FeNb material represents globule separated from the sample Soeve 3. The

average concentration of REOs in the slag material is 1.12wt% (Ce, La, Nd, Pr and Y).

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10. references

Andersen, T. 1983: Iron ores in the Fen central complex, Telemark (S. Norway): Petrography, chemical evolution and conditions of equilibrium. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 2-3, 73-82.

Andersen, T. 1984: Secondary processes in carbonatites: petrology of ‘rodberg’ (hematite-calcite-dolomite carbonatite) in the Fen central complex, Telemark (South Norway). Lithos, 17, 227–245. Andersen, T. 1986: Magmatic fluids in the Fen carbonatite complex, S. E. Norway: evidence of mid-crustal fractionation from solid and fluid inclusions in apatite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 93, 491–503. Andersen, T. 1986: Compositional variation of some rare earth minerals from the Fen complex (Telemark, SE Norway): implications for the mobility of rare earths in a carbonatite system. Mineralogical Magazine 50, 503-509.

Andersen, T. 1987: Mantle and crustal components in a carbonatite complex, and the evolution of carbonatite magma: REE and isotopic evidence from the Fen complex, S. E. Norway. Chemical Geology 65, Isotope Geoscience Section, 147–166.

Andersen, T. 1988: Evolution of peralkaline calcite carbonatite magma in the Fen complex, southeast Norway. Lithos 22, 99-112

Andersen, T. 1989: Carbonatite-related contact metasomatism in the Fen complex, Norway: effects and petrogenetic implications. Mineralogical Magazine 53, 395–414. Andersen, T. & Qvale, H. 1985: The Fen Central Complex. Guide to an excursion 3-4 June 1985. Report no IFE/KR/F-85/074. Barth,T.W.W. & Ramberg, I.B. 1966: The Fen circular complex. In: Tuttle,O. F. & Gittins, J. (eds.) Carbonatites , John

Wiley and Sons, New York, 225–257.

Bergstøl, S. 1960: En petrografisk og mineralogisk undersøkelse av bergartene rundt Fens feltet med hovedvekt på gangbergartene. Unpublished internal report, University of Oslo, 55 pp.

Bergstøl, S. & Svinndal, S. 1960: The carbonatites and per-alkaline rocks of the Fen area. Norges geologiske undersøkelse 208, 99–105. Bjørlykke, H. & Svinndal, S. 1960: The carbonatite and the peralkaline rocks of the Fen area.Mining and exploration work. Norges geologiske undersøkelse 208, 105–110. Brøgger, W. C. 1921: Die Eruptivgesteine des Kristianiagebietes: IV. Das Fengebiet in Telemark, Norwegen. Norske

Vindenskapsakademi i Oslo Skrifter I Mat-Nat Klasse 1920, 9, Kristiania, 408 pp. Bugge, J.A.W. 1973: Thorium i Fensfeltet, Nome, Telemark. NGU report 1162, 28 pp.

Cook, N.J. & Ciobanu, C.L. 2009: Reconnaissance visit to Fen ore field 30th – 31st May 2009. Internal Field report prepared for Thorium Norway, 20 pp.

Dahlgren, S. 1984: Geology of central Telemark area, South Norway. Volume of abstracts of the NATO Advanced Study Institute “The Deep Proterozoic Crust in the North Atlantic Provinces”, Norway 1984.

Dahlgren, S. 1987: The satellitic intrusions in the Fen Carbonatite-Alkaline Rock Province, Telemark, Southeastern Norway. Unpublished. cand. scient. thesis,Univ. of Oslo, 390 pp.

Dahlgren, S. 1994: Late Proterozoic and Carboniferous ultramafic magmatism of carbonatitic affinity in southern Norway. Lithos 31, 141–154.

Dahlgren, S. (1994): Late Proterozoic and Carboniferous ultramafic magmatism of carbonatitic affinity in southern Norway. Lithos, 31, 141–154.

Dahlgren, S. 2005: Miljøgeologisk undersøkelse av lavradioaktivt slagg fra ferroniob produksjonen på Søve 1956–1965. Regiongeologen for Buskerud, Telemark og Vestfold, Rapport nr.1, 47 pp.

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Dahlgren, S. 2004: Bergrunnskart, foreløpig utgave 1 : 50 000 Nordagutu 1713 IV, Norges geologiske undesøkelse. Endre, E, Sparrevik,M., Cappelen, P., Baardvik, G. and Holmström, P. 2010: Kartlegging av omfang og kostnader ved eventuell senere opprydding av radioaktivt materiale ved Søve gruver. NGI report 20091927-00-14-R, 157 pp.

Heincke, B.H., Mogaard, J.O., Rønning, J.S. & Smethurst, M.A. 2007: Kartlegging av thorium, uran og kalium fra helicopter ved Ulefoss, Nome Kommune. NGU report 2007.021, 16 pp.

Heincke, B.H., Smethurst, M.A., Bjørlykke, A., Dahlgren S., Rønning, J.S. & Mogaard, J.O. 2008: Airborne gamma-ray spectrometer mapping for relating indoor radon concentrations to geological parameters in the Fen region, southeast Norway. Geology for Society, Geological Survey of Norway Special Publication, 11, pp. 131–143.

Kresten, P. 1988: The chemistry of fenitization: Examples from Fen, Norway. Chemical Geology 68, 329–349. Kresten, P. 1994: Chemistry of fenitization at Fen, Norway and Alnö, Sweden. In: Meyer, H.O. A. & Leonardos,O. H. (eds.) Proceedings of the Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, Araxá, Brazil 1991. Vol. 1. Kimberlites, related rocks

and mantle xenoliths. 252–262.

Kresten, P. & Morogan V. 1986: Fenitization at the Fen complex, southern Norway. Lithos 19, 27–42. Landreth, J.O. 1979: Mineral potential of the Fen Alkaline Complex. Ulefoss. Norway. Bergvesenet Rapport BV 1332, 30 pp. Meert, J. G., Torsvik, T. H., Eide, E. A. & Dahlgren, S. 1998: Tectonic Significance of the Fen Province, S. Norway: Constraints from geochronology and paleomagnetism. Journal of Geology 106, 553–564. Mitchell, R.H. 1980: Pyroxenes of the Fen alkaline complex, Norway. American Mineralogist 65, 45-54.

Mitchell, R. H. & Brunfelt, A.O. 1974: Scandium, cobalt and iron geochemistry of the Fen alkaline complex, southern Norway. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 23, 189–192.

Mitchell, R. H. & Brunfelt, A.O. 1975: Rare earth element chemistry of the Fen alkaline complex, Norway. Contributions to mineralogical petrology 52, 247-259.

Mitchell, R. H. & Crocket, J. H. 1972: Isotopic composition of strontium in rocks of the Fen alkaline complex, South Norway. Journal of Petrology 13, 83–97.

Neumann, H. 1960: Apparent ages of Norwegian minerals and rocks. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 40, 173–191. Ramberg, I. B. 1964: Preliminary results of gravimetric investigations in the Fen area. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 44, 431–434. Ramberg, I. B. 1973: Gravity studies on the Fen Complex, Norway, and their petrological significance. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 38, 115–134. Svinndal, S. 1967: Undersøkelser efter sjeldne jordartselementer (RE) I Fensfeltet, Ulefoss. NGU report 776, 23 pp. Svinndal, S. 1968: Undersøkelser efter sjeldne jordartselementer (RE) I Fensfeltet, Ulefoss. NGU report 820, 42 pp.

Svinndal, S. 1968: Undersøkelser efter sjeldne jordartselementer (RE) I Fensfeltet, Ulefoss. NGU report 820 B, 46 pp. Svinndal, S. 1970: Undersøkelser efter sjeldne jordartselementer (RE) I Fensfeltet, Ulefoss. NGU report 966, 18 pp.

Sæther, E. 1957: The alkaline rock province of the Fen area in southern Norway. Det Kongelige Norske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter 1, 150 pp. Verschure, R. H. & Maijer, C. 1984: Pluri-metasomatic resetting of Rb-Sr whole-rock systems around the Fen peralkaline-carbonatitic ring complex, Telemark, south Norway. Terra Cognita 4, 191–192.

Verschure, R. H. 1985: Geochronological framework for the Late-Proterozoic evolution of the Baltic Shield in South Scandinavia. In: Tobi,A.C.& Touret J.L.R. (eds.) The Deep Proterozoic Crust in the North Atlantic Provinces. NATO ASI Serie C, Vol. 158 D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, 499–516.

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Verschure, R. H. & Maijer, C. 2005: A new Rb-Sr isotopic parameter for metasomatism,Δt, and its application in a study of pluri-fenitized gneisses around the Fen ring complex, South Norway. NGU Bulletin 445, 45-71.

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Appendix a

Rock samples – NGU 1967-1970

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Sample ID Year Area CollectorX UTM

[WGS 84 32N]

Y UTM

[WGS 84 32N]Rock type REE Total [ppm] Y [ppm] La [ppm] Sm [ppm] Eu [ppm] Yb [ppm] Gd [ppm]

1 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517760 6570550 700 42 380 150 18 100 10

2 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517630 6570649 1236 95 750 150 68 160 13

3 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517636 6570667 1600 140 1080 170 65 50 95

4 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517649 6570667 1341 260 610 160 60 160 91

5 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517690 6570666 546 120 270 50 34 50 22

6 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517714 6570664 1859 360 880 300 98 130 91

7 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517742 6570666 1956 180 1240 300 81 50 105

8 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517770 6570659 1127 110 690 160 34 120 13

9 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517610 6570720 1758 220 710 550 138 140

10 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517580 6570720 1347 96 740 270 61 180

11 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517410 6570580 1940 100 1560 150 54 50 26

12 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517410 6570580 2341 28 1500 260 33 510 10

13 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517686 6570600 1098 92 710 140 26 120 10

15 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517371 6570643 2655 250 1670 400 133 120 82

16 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517370 6570643 3665 200 2600 600 168 80 17

17 1967 Fensgruvene NGU 517040 6571090 3348 60 2800 330 88 70

18 1967 Fensgruvene NGU 517040 6571095 997 140 710 60 37 50

20 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517600 6570620 1088 110 620 120 38 200

21 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517601 6570620 3066 190 2000 570 156 150

22 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517570 6570940 1250 75 700 260 45 170

23 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517569 6570940 509 35 260 100 14 100

24 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517548 6570653 1814 44 1070 160 20 520

25 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517488 6570719 2650 250 1760 410 60 170

26 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517376 6570705 4202 95 3860 140 57 50

27 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517442 6570659 2908 85 2400 290 63 70

28 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517441 6570659 2274 120 1750 240 64 100

29 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517493 6570574 1565 170 960 300 65 70

30 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517429 6570549 3663 95 2810 580 128 50

31 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517430 6570549 1321 390 500 290 91 50

32 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517517 6570498 1604 10 1140 310 44 100

33 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517517 6570499 0

34 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517580 6570540 3039 50 2430 210 49 300

35 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 517580 6570540 0

36 1967 Fen NGU 517246 6570531 3224 88 2610 310 76 140

100 1968 Gruveåsen NGU 517360 6570680 1975 120 1340 320 65 130

101 1968 Gruveåsen NGU 517360 6570680 2660 150 2060 350 50 50

102 1968 Gruveåsen NGU 517360 6570680 3180 170 2480 380 100 50

103 1968 Rauhaug NGU 516956 6569948 3690 30 3480 110 20 50

104 1968 Rauhaug NGU 516979 6569905 2120 55 1840 140 35 50

105 1968 Rauhaug NGU 516990 6569857 1340 40 1090 130 30 50

Table A1 of A5.

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[WGS 84 32N]

Y UTM


106 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517004 6569810 655 120 340 110 35 50

107 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517249 6569850 1630 60 1340 150 30 50

108 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517286 6569621 1030 120 680 150 30 50

109 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517490 6570010 1755 55 1360 240 50 50

110 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517440 6570090 1540 30 1340 90 30 50

111 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516659 6571336 Damtjernite? 540 90 320 70 10 50

112 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516678 6571335 carbonatite 360 45 190 65 10 50

113 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516718 6571287 Damtjernite + rodbergite 1325 60 1080 110 25 50

114 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516719 6571282 4165 70 3850 160 35 50

115 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516723 6571274 2745 40 2500 130 25 50

116 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516742 6571257 1815 45 1640 60 20 50

117 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516761 6571235 5780 40 5500 160 30 50

118 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516765 6571229 3685 35 3440 130 30 50

119 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 516813 6571149 9160 60 8600 340 110 50




123 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 517020 6571072 hematite ore zones 9470 120 8600 540 160 50















138 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 517155 6570949 hematite ore zones 2450 160 1950 200 55 50 35








Table A2 of A5.

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[WGS 84 32N]

Y UTM

















161 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 517507 6570959 Increasing fenitisation 845 120 510 140 25 50














175 1968 Fensgruvene NGU 517606 6571019 Fenite w/ minor carbonatite and rodbergite 585 140 300 85 10 50







182 1968 NGU 2590 90 2240 170 40 50

183 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517129 6569964 540 90 320 60 20 50

184 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517106 6570041 1755 50 1540 100 15 50

185 1968 Rauhaug NGU 517066 6570068 965 65 770 65 15 50

Table A3 of A5.

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[WGS 84 32N]

Y UTM


186 1968 Rauhaug NGU 516886 6569806 645 120 390 55 30 50

187 1968 Søve Gruver NGU 516421 6571225 595 80 390 60 15 50

188 1968 Søve Gruver NGU 516430 6571130 4970 25 4780 90 25 50

189 1968 Søve Gruver NGU 516460 6570980 2570 25 2340 120 35 50

190 1968 Søve Gruver NGU 516460 6570930 1870 35 1620 130 35 50

191 1968 Søve Gruver NGU 516420 6570810 1335 45 1150 65 25 50

192 1968 Fen NGU 517332 6570436 975 80 740 80 25 50

193 1968 Fen NGU 517150 6570540 1715 70 1460 110 25 50

194 1968 Fen NGU 1880 220 1350 200 60 50

14a 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 1204 70 720 170 54 180 10

14b 1967 Gruveåsen NGU 1149 220 660 140 39 90

1 1967 Melteig NGU 515640 6569006 282 120 60 20 12 70

2 1967 Melteig NGU 515627 6569008 372 72 220 20 10 50

2b 1967 Melteig NGU 432 78 270 10 14 60

3 1967 Melteig NGU 515641 6569022 581 190 170 50 21 150

4 1967 Melteig NGU 515632 6568986 369 64 220 20 15 50

5 1967 Melteig NGU 515633 6568986 350 30 230 20 10 60

6 1967 Melteig NGU 515620 6568974 384 84 230 10 10 50

7 1967 Melteig NGU 515632 6568951 212 52 20 20 10 110

8 1967 Melteig NGU 515627 6568927 244 44 120 20 10 50

9 1967 Melteig NGU 515620 6568861 256 56 130 10 10 50

1 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517113 6569588 764 220 220 90 50 50 134

1x 1967 Rauhaug NGU 740 180 400 65 45 50

2 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517091 6569605 1005 210 580 70 47 50 48

3 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517071 6569621 992 170 620 80 42 50 30

4 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517056 6569643 487 120 220 40 35 50 22

5a 1967 Rauhaug NGU 457 120 220 30 37 50

5b 1967 Rauhaug NGU 826 150 500 80 46 50

6a 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517260 6569939 813 110 460 90 25 50 78

6b 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517264 6569930 832 180 400 90 51 50 61

7 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517252 6569941 0

8 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517235 6569938 1733 54 1270 250 66 50 43

9 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517160 6570064 1307 100 900 120 42 50 95

10 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517035 6569798 4889 44 4200 440 145 50 10

10a 1967 Rauhaug NGU 6228 66 5500 460 152 50

10b 1967 Rauhaug NGU 6365 62 5660 430 163 50

11 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517046 6569788 726 120 410 100 46 50

12 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517101 6569765 1158 75 850 85 46 50 52

12b 1967 Rauhaug NGU 1553 78 1240 140 45 50

Table A4 of A5.

of 47


[WGS 84 32N]

Y UTM


13 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517065 6569771 carbonatite 6833 4410 1880 230 103 50 160

14 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517083 6569774 carbonatite 4275 2320 1670 150 50 50 35

15 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517068 6569726 hematite ore 3619 78 2950 400 78 70 43

16 1967 Rauhaug NGU 517112 6569752 rodbergite 1039 120 740 85 39 7 48

1 1967 Søve NGU 516090 6570990 tuftestollen/underground 1589 86 1400 30 23 50

2 1967 Søve NGU 516090 6570990 tuftestollen/underground 504 66 360 10 18 50

1a 1967 Vipeto NGU 516680 6569460 333 100 160 10 13 50

1b 1967 Vipeto NGU carbonatite 344 80 180 10 24 50

2 1967 Vipeto NGU 516680 6569462 310 80 160 10 10 50

3 1967 Vipeto NGU 516670 6569600 carbonatite 314 50 180 10 24 50

3a 1967 Vipeto NGU light carbonatite 270 82 80 40 18 50

3b 1967 Vipeto NGU dark carbonatite 135 20 50 15 50

4 1967 Vipeto NGU 516828 6569461 467 76 280 40 21 50

4x 1967 Vipeto NGU 198 34 80 20 14 50

4b 1967 Vipeto NGU Vipetoite 497 82 300 50 15 50

5 1967 Vipeto NGU 516825 6569485 Vipetoite 283 56 150 10 17 50

6 1967 Vipeto NGU 516833 6569495 299 55 160 20 14 50

7 1967 Vipeto NGU 516838 6569515 164 24 60 20 10 50

8 1967 Vipeto NGU 516837 6569533 0

9 1967 Vipeto NGU 516838 6569550 270 40 120 50 10 50

10 1967 Vipeto NGU 516836 6569576 190 40 70 20 10 50

10b 1967 Vipeto NGU 389 60 220 40 19 50

11 1967 Vipeto NGU 516831 6569590 140 46 20 10 14 50

12 1967 Vipeto NGU 516832 6569591 259 55 100 40 14 50

12a 1967 Vipeto NGU 254 44 100 50 10 50

12b 1967 Vipeto NGU 392 84 170 60 28 50

13 1967 Vipeto NGU 516831 6569590 260 48 120 20 22 50

13b 1967 Vipeto NGU 182 12 100 10 10 50

14 1967 Vipeto NGU 516828 6569614 199 35 90 10 14 50

15 1967 Vipeto NGU 516570 6569620 405 85 250 10 10 50




Table A5 of A5.

of 47





Appendix B

Drill hole data

Re-assays of historic drill holes

B.1, B.2, Bolla, C11, C43, T9, T11, T12, T13, T14, T16, T18, T21, T23 and Ts7

NGU drill holes

F1, F2 and F3

of 47

Fig. B1. Aerial photo of The Soeve – Gruveåsen area with location and orientation of historic drill holes referred to in appendix B.

of 47

DH_ID AZI DipCollar X UTM

WGS 84 32N

Collar Y WGS

84 32NLength [m]

Core

diameter

[mm]

Year drilled

T 9 270 5 515990 6570450 130,00 na historic

T 11 90 35 516000 6570450 150,00 na historic

T12 270 40 516600 6570450 120,00 na historic

T13 270 25 516600 6570450 145,00 na historic

T14 90 40 516690 6570450 157,50 na historic

T 18 270 25 516350 6570550 150,00 na historic

T 16 90 43 516360 6570550 120,00 na historic

T 21 270 15 516660 6570550 120,00 na historic

T 23 90 20 516670 6570550 155,00 na historic

F1 210 11 517070 6571030 251,10 46 1970

F2 205 10 517170 6570930 195,45 46 1970

F3 80 15 517330 6570730 63,80 46 1970

B1 240 0 517360 6570630 97,00 22 1956

B2 240 25 517360 6570630 88,70 22 1956

C11 unknown unknown 516471 6571513 120,00 unknown historic

C43 0 90 516592 6571540 120,00 unknown historic

Ts7 25 unknown 516190 6570560 unknown unknown historic

Bolla 240 unknown 517360 6570630 unknown unknown 1956

Table B1 of B12. Collar position and orientation of analysed drill holes referred to in the text and appendix B. Some information is missing for certain holes. Length of hole for some

holes are estimated based on graphical logs and is not exact.

of 47

DH ID Sample ID Year From [m] To [m]Density

[g/cm3]Th [ppm] Y [ppm] La [ppm] Ce [ppm] Sm [ppm] Eu [ppm] Gd [ppm] Yb [ppm] Rock type

B1 1 1956 (re-assay) 0,00 4,55 1100 220 2200 7000 300 53 350 Rodbergite





B1 6 1956 (re-assay) 24,70 30,25 1500 230 2400 6700 310 62 370 Rodbergite and carbonatite


B1 1956 (re-assay) 36,05 37,45 Diabase


B1 9 1956 (re-assay) 41,40 45,50 1200 270 2000 5600 300 47 250 Carbonatite







B1 16 1956 (re-assay) 75,55 81,00 1100 270 1500 4600 240 43 220 Carbonatite, minor rodbergite








B2 4 1956 (re-assay) 15,35 19,70 1400 260 2400 6900 310 64 390 Rodbergite, minor carbonatite

B2 5 1956 (re-assay) 19,70 25,00 1100 230 2200 6800 290 62 380 Rodbergite, breccia structure

B2 6 1956 (re-assay) 25,00 29,80 1000 180 1900 5900 340 36 340 Rodbergite, varoable composition

B2 7 1956 (re-assay) 29,80 35,00 1300 220 3600 10000 380 100 480

Rodbergite interleaved w/ carbonatite. Local massive

hem ore.

B2 8 1956 (re-assay) 35,00 38,20 1200 250 3700 11000 470 83 580

Rodbergite, minor carbonatite and some massive hem

ore.




B2 11 1956 (re-assay) 51,30 56,55 1100 310 2300 6500 230 54 350 Rodbergite, light

B2 12 1956 (re-assay) 56,55 62,50 860 180 1500 4800 200 45 290 Rodbergite, impure





B2 17 1956 (re-assay) 84,00 88,70 1200 250 3700 9000 380 63 560

Table B2 of B12.

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Bolla 1 1956 3,3 2100 100 3340 360 66

Bolla 2 1956 3,0 1300 180 2380 290 62

Bolla 3 1956 2,7 1400 150 2880 280 59

Bolla 4 1956 2,8 1900 260 4520 550 110

Bolla 5 1956 3,3 1600 120 2780 310 68

Bolla 6 1956 4,4 800 84 2660 380 54

Bolla 7 1956 2,7 2200 220 1920 300 61

Bolla 8 1956 2,7 900 130 2020 330 75

Bolla 9 1956 3,0 900 210 4000 520 90

Bolla 10 1956 4,4 4500 78 6600 740 130

Bolla 11 1956 2,5 0 32 280 80 10

Bolla 12 1956 3,5 3300 210 9760 880 150

Bolla 13 1956 3,0 1400 180 3840 330 106

Bolla 14 1956 2,7 500 140 400 140 38

Bolla 15 1956 3,1 2100 100 3360 260 61

Bolla 16 1956 3,0 1000 260 2880 270 62

Bolla 17 1956 3,2 1500 120 2300 360 71

Bolla 18 1956 4,4 1100 32 2560 320 40

Bolla 19 1956 3,2 1500 100 2420 320 45

Bolla 20 1956 2,8 1300 340 2760 500 75

Bolla 21 1956 3 1200 290 900 310 77

Bolla 22 1956 2,7 2300 140 1800 260 53

Bolla 23 1956 3,2 1700 130 2760 370 55

Bolla 24 1956 3 1000 110 3260 340 54

Bolla 25 1956 2,9 400 120 420 55 27

Bolla 26 1956 3 1100 58 900 130 37

Bolla 27 1956 2,9 2000 200 3040 330 90

Bolla 28 1956 4,1 2500 120 9400 990 190

Bolla 29 1956 3,7 700 160 1120 210 41

Bolla 30 1956 3 1200 320 1980 380 87

Bolla 31 1956 2,9 3600 210 4900 270 140

Bolla 32 1956 2,9 1500 570 2000 630 55

Bolla 33 1956 2,8 1500 320 1600 240 60

Bolla 34 1956 2,9 400 92 3620 68 27

Bolla 35 1956 2,8 600 84 460 120 10

Bolla 36 1956 2,9 900 190 940 170 52

Bolla 37 1956 2,9 1100 150 3480 240 65

Bolla 38 1956 3 3800 370 4160 490 120

Bolla 39 1956 3,4 800 130 1960 520 75

Bolla 40 1956 2,9 200 36 460 60 10

Bolla 41 1956 3 800 150 2520 170 48

Bolla 42 1956 3 1100 170 1640 140 45

Table B3 of B12.

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Bolla 43 1956 2,8 1100 200 2560 210 64

Bolla 44 1956 3 1300 210 1420 280 61

Bolla 45 1956 3,1 1400 380 5420 550 150

Bolla 46 1956 3 4200 550 3960 360 110

Bolla 47 1956 2,9 1900 200 3700 430 75

Bolla 48 1956 2,6 1400 440 1260 250 82

C 11 1 1968 (re-sampled) 45 230 35 10 50

C 11 2 1968 (re-sampled) 45 100 20 10 50

C 43 8 1968 (re-sampled) 110 170 55 20 50 Soev ite





C 43 19 1968 (re-sampled) 60 240 35 10 50 Fenite


C 43 21 1968 (re-sampled) 90 360 65 15 50 Soev ite and Hollaite


F1 1970 0,00 1,25 Casing

F1 1 1970 1,25 3,20 900 220 1900 4600 270 51 240 Carbonatite w/ dark brieccia structures

F1 2 1970 3,20 6,80 800 370 1000 2600 170 34 200 Rodbergite

F1 3 1970 6,80 11,40 500 220 700 1800 150 19 110 Damtjernite some hem, mag, ilm?

F1 4 1970 11,40 12,70 600 220 800 2100 110 29 140 Rodbergite

F1 1970 12,70 16,00 1000 Damtjernite

F1 5 1970 16,00 18,00 270 1100 2800 170 37 170 Rodbergite, partly eroded. Brecciated

F1 6 1970 18,00 21,20 1000 330 1600 4600 310 70 360 Rodbergite

F1 7 1970 21,20 25,20 1300 220 2200 6300 270 63 340 Carb, impure. Minor hem first 0,5 m. Brecciated

F1 8 1970 25,20 30,30 800 240 2000 5800 230 57 340 Carb, minor section w/ red spots.

F1 9 1970 30,30 35,20 800 220 1500 4100 190 40 200 Carb, partly impure. Brecciastructure

F1 10 1970 35,20 39,20 1000 250 2100 5400 280 55 290 Carb, breccia structure

F1 11 1970 39,20 42,90 900 230 1900 5000 300 54 270 Carb, partially strongly brecciated

F1 12 1970 42,90 47,90 700 240 1600 4500 220 48 250 Carb w/ brecciastructure. Spotted red last 0,5 m

F1 13 1970 47,90 48,10 1100 250 2100 5400 290 51 320 Rodbergite

F1 1970 48,10 54,80 Carb w/ brecciastructure

F1 14 1970 54,80 57,00 900 240 1900 4400 240 64 260 Rodbergite

F1 15 1970 57,00 60,55 700 130 1100 3100 180 35 160 Carbonatite

F1 16 1970 60,55 65,60 1600 250 7800 10000 320 61 440 Carbonatite

F1 17 1970 65,60 70,00 1100 190 6900 12500 210 37 500 Carbonatite

F1 18 1970 70,00 75,40 1100 320 2000 5400 400 66 350 Carbonatite

F1 19 1970 75,40 80,20 900 210 1700 4600 250 51 240 Carbonatite

F1 20 1970 80,20 85,00 600 160 1000 2400 140 26 140 Carbonatite

F1 21 1970 85,00 89,90 400 150 400 1200 110 21 70 Carbonatite

F1 22 1970 89,90 94,80 800 210 1300 3900 150 36 200 Carbonatite

Table B4 of B12.

of 47



F1 23 1970 94,80 99,10 600 200 1500 4300 180 37 230 Carbonatite

F1 24 1970 99,10 103,20 700 240 1700 5200 210 44 280 Carbonatite

F1 25 1970 103,20 109,90 1300 350 1200 4100 290 74 280 Rodbergite

F1 26 1970 109,90 114,00 900 230 1500 5000 250 51 310 Rodbergite

F1 27 1970 114,00 119,40 800 150 1600 5800 200 44 330 Rodbergite

F1 28 1970 119,40 125,00 1000 130 2600 8900 270 56 440 Rodbergite

F1 29 1970 125,00 130,10 800 210 2200 7000 270 60 370 Rodbergite

F1 30 1970 130,10 135,50 900 260 2600 7200 270 65 370 Rodbergite

F1 31 1970 135,50 140,80 700 300 2300 6500 300 80 400 Rodbergite

F1 32 1970 140,80 145,80 600 300 2300 6400 320 89 380 Rodbergite

F1 33 1970 145,80 149,90 900 400 3200 7700 340 46 360 Rodbergite

F1 34 1970 149,90 154,30 900 250 2600 7200 250 52 370 Carbonatite, minor sulphides and hematite red colouring.

F1 35 1970 154,30 157,40 700 300 2600 7800 210 49 390 Rodbergite, rotten

F1 36 1970 157,40 162,70 900 270 3200 7800 210 48 350 Rodbergite, grey weak hematite impregnation

F1 37 1970 162,70 167,50 700 230 3100 7200 190 43 340 Rodbergite, some massive hematite

F1 38 1970 167,50 170,60 600 240 2400 5200 130 27 230 Carbonatite, light grey

F1 39 1970 170,60 174,40 400 270 1500 4400 150 41 200 Rodbergite, partly w/ massive hematite

F1 40 1970 174,40 177,60 400 150 2500 7000 220 42 350 Rodbergite, partly w/ massive hematite

F1 41 1970 177,60 182,10 600 230 2700 7000 200 45 360 Carbonatite, red spots of hematite

F1 42 1970 182,10 187,80 800 220 2900 7200 180 43 320 Carbonatite

F1 43 1970 187,80 192,30 800 170 2300 5600 160 32 270 Carbonatite

F1 44 1970 192,30 196,50 900 340 2000 5200 180 44 260 Carbonatite, impure, some rodbergite

F1 45 1970 196,50 201,00 400 170 1200 3100 130 29 140 Carbonatite

F1 46 1970 201,00 206,65 300 300 1100 3000 140 31 130 Carbonatite

F1 47 1970 206,65 212,00 600 410 2000 4700 170 39 220 Carbonatite

F1 48 1970 212,00 216,60 400 210 1500 4600 210 45 320 Rodbergite, weak hematite impregnation

F1 49 1970 216,60 217,60 500 180 1700 4100 140 32 230 Carbonatite

F1 50 1970 217,60 219,20 400 140 2600 7200 200 49 440 Rodbergite

F1 51 1970 219,20 223,10 900 300 2700 7000 210 62 390 Carbonatite, grading out of rodbergite

F1 52 1970 223,10 228,70 500 230 2000 5200 160 37 280 Carbonatite

F1 53 1970 228,70 234,30 600 240 2400 6000 170 44 300 Carbonatite

F1 54 1970 234,30 239,00 900 260 1900 4900 220 59 270 Carbonatite, minor red colouring due to hematite

F1 55 1970 239,00 244,00 600 160 1500 3900 130 27 230 Carbonatite

F1 56 1970 244,00 251,10 600 150 1700 4400 130 28 170 Carbonatite

F2 1 1970 0,00 2,40 1300 240 2900 7300 290 70 410 Carbonatite, rotten. Minor hematite.

F2 2 1970 2,40 5,90 900 160 2000 5000 220 54 290 Carbonatite, rotten. Minor hematite.

F2 3 1970 5,90 9,30 900 180 2400 5900 230 51 330 Carbonatite

F2 4 1970 9,30 11,40 500 180 800 2100 150 29 150 Carbonatite

F2 5 1970 11,40 13,70 1100 220 2400 7000 330 73 450 Carbonatite, magnetite from 11,5-11,85

F2 6 1970 13,70 18,80 1000 190 2100 5100 240 52 280 Carbonatite, cloudy magnetite

F2 7 1970 18,80 23,80 1000 240 3500 8200 300 70 420 Carbonatite, partly rotten w/ mag and sulphides


Table B5 of B12.

of 47





F2 11 1970 38,00 42,60 900 170 2400 5800 170 43 280 Carbonatite, minor mag

F2 12 1970 42,60 47,10 1200 190 2000 5300 320 70 320 Carbonatite



F2 15 1970 56,70 60,70 900 160 3600 8300 230 66 370 Carbonatite, minor mag.

F2 16 1970 60,70 65,80 800 180 2700 6600 250 54 350 Carbonatite, minor mag, sulphides and fluorite

F2 17 1970 65,80 70,00 900 170 2600 6500 210 52 320 Carbonatite, minor mag+sulphides in rosettes


F2 19 1970 74,30 80,30 900 200 2600 6200 220 46 290 Carbonatite

F2 20 1970 80,30 85,30 1200 320 4300 10000 280 77 500 Carbonatite, minor mag and sulphides

F2 21 1970 85,30 89,50 1100 240 2400 5900 240 66 310 Carbonatite

F2 22 1970 89,50 92,50 800 190 2700 7200 320 62 410 Carbonatite, some sections rich in mag

F2 23 1970 92,50 98,20 800 170 2100 5400 220 45 280 Carbonatite

F2 24 1970 98,20 100,00 500 90 1600 4500 280 48 270 Carbonatite, rich in mag as clouds

F2 25 1970 100,00 105,85 900 140 1800 4700 220 54 250 Carbonatite, rich in mag

F2 26 1970 105,85 110,25 1000 170 2100 5200 240 53 280 Carbonatite

F2 27 1970 110,25 115,65 900 100 2800 6800 230 57 310 Carbonatite

F2 28 1970 115,65 120,65 900 130 2800 6800 270 50 310 Carbonatite

F2 29 1970 120,65 126,05 1100 190 2900 7600 270 73 370 Carbonatite, minor red hem spots, mag and sulphides.

F2 30 1970 126,05 131,15 1100 190 4200 10000 290 72 450 Carbonatite

F2 31 1970 131,15 136,65 900 150 2000 4900 200 50 240 Carbonatite, partly impure and brecciated



F2 34 1970 145,55 148,20 800 170 800 2200 120 29 180

Carbonatite, partly hematite spotted. Possible diabase as

well ?

F2 35 1970 148,20 152,15 900 180 1300 3600 190 44 230 Carbonatite

F2 36 1970 152,15 157,25 900 150 1800 4500 170 45 260 Carbonatite

F2 37 1970 157,25 162,25 900 260 1900 4900 260 61 300 Carbonatite, breccia structure

F2 38 1970 162,25 167,95 800 180 1800 4600 240 55 250 Carbonatite, breccia structure

F2 39 1970 167,95 173,35 900 170 2600 6600 290 65 340 Carbonatite, impure. Weak breccia structure




F2 43 1970 186,60 188,15 400 110 800 2000 70 12 110 Carbonatite, coarse secondary fracturing

F2 44 1970 188,15 192,75 600 280 1000 2600 150 40 180 Mix of carbonatite, damtjernite and basic rocks ?

F2 45 1970 192,75 195,45 600 230 1300 3700 180 37 230 Mix of carbonatite, damtjernite and basic rocks ?

F3 1 1970 0,00 5,00 1700 230 1900 6700 340 68 370 Rodbergite, broken. 2m core loss.

F3 2 1970 5,00 8,80 1100 150 1500 5100 410 56 360 Rodbergite, dark carbonate bands. Partly rotten.

F3 3 1970 8,80 12,50 1500 310 3800 12000 340 79 630 Rodbergite, weak brecciastructure

F3 4 1970 12,50 16,90 1100 460 1900 6000 250 58 380 Rodbergite, brecciastructure. Partly rotten.

F3 5 1970 16,90 21,30 1000 340 2000 6400 270 65 360 Rodbergite, brecciated

Table B6 of B12.

of 47



F3 6 1970 21,30 24,10 1300 460 2500 8100 270 73 450 Rodbergite, weathered

F3 7 1970 24,10 26,60 1200 240 4300 13400 450 71 690 Rodbergite, dark, brecciated and rotten

F3 8 1970 26,60 31,00 1900 620 2100 6900 280 80 490 Rodbergite, light. Breccia structure. Somwhat rotten.

F3 9 1970 31,00 36,10 830 230 930 2600 180 35 180 Carbonatite, impure. Some rodbergite, breccia structure.

F3 10 1970 36,10 41,00 630 150 750 1900 100 27 120 Robergite, carbonate veins, breccia structure

F3 11 1970 41,00 47,00 1100 260 2900 7200 210 25 340 Robergite, carbonate veins, breccia structure

F3 12 1970 47,00 53,70 550 130 1100 3100 160 26 180 Carbonatite, strongly fractured w/ cav ities

F3 13 1970 53,70 58,10 1300 120 1200 3700 300 43 250 Robergite, iron rich

F3 14 1970 58,10 63,80 700 110 950 3100 240 33 230 Robergite, iron rich

T 11 1 60 130 10 22 90 Soev ite

T 11 3 30 70 10 10 60 Soev ite

T 11 6 44 170 10 19 50 Soev ite

T 11 9 40 150 10 17 50 Soev ite

T 11 12 40 130 10 20 50 Soev ite

T 11 15 38 220 10 20 50 Soev ite

T 11 18 60 390 10 25 50 Soev ite and hollaite

T 11 21 30 120 10 14 50 Soev ite

T 11 24 30 120 10 15 50 Soev ite

T 11 27 64 130 10 19 50 Soev ite

T 11 30 40 130 10 18 50 Soev ite

T 11 33 70 290 40 24 50 Hollaite

T 11 36 70 160 35 19 50 Hollaite

T 11 39 60 150 20 21 50 Hollaite

T 11 42 50 280 50 27 50 Hollaite

T 11 45 60 130 40 21 50 Hollaite

T 11 48 30 150 15 21 50 Hollaite

T 11 51 70 430 65 27 50 Hollaite

T 11 54 45 240 25 18 50 Hollaite

T 11 57 30 150 20 18 50 Hollaite

T 11 60 45 130 20 21 50 Hollaite

T 11 63 15 140 30 14 50 Hollaite

T 11 66 45 150 90 42 50 Hollaite

T 11 69 20 140 30 10 50 Hollaite

T 11 72 25 130 20 10 50 Soev ite


T 11 79 50 110 25 22 50 Hollaite

T 11 82 22 70 20 16 50 Hollaite

T 11 85 40 240 10 19 50 Hollaite

T 12 1 1968 (re-sampled) 70 360 40 20 50 Soev ite

T 12 4 1968 (re-sampled) 60 310 75 20 50 Rodbergite



Table B7 of B12.

of 47


















T 12 41 1968 (re-sampled) 40 1440 60 15 50 Hollaite


T 12 43 1968 (re-sampled) 70 530 120 35 50 Breccia in carbonatite

T 12 44 1968 (re-sampled) 75 580 85 35 50 Breccia in carbonatite











T 13 30 1968 (re-sampled) 85 360 65 25 50 Soev ite and Hollaite














Table B8 of B12.

of 47



T 14 1 1968 (re-sampled) 210 380 60 25 50 Soevite


T 14 5 1968 (re-sampled) 50 860 85 50 50 Hollaite


























T 16 6 42 880 50 24 50 Soevite

T 16 10 15 7720 150 73 50 Soevite

T 16 13 34 860 50 29 50 Soevite

T 16 16 38 540 10 25 50 Soevite

T 16 19 42 1780 110 52 50 Soevite

T 16 22 10 1740 100 43 50 Soevite

T 16 25 20 1640 130 52 50 Soevite

T 16 28 18 2180 50 30 50 Soevite

T 16 31 10 1660 60 28 50 Soevite

T 16 34 10 1200 10 24 50 Breccia in soev ite

T 16 37 35 460 30 30 50 Soevite

T 16 40 45 1010 30 38 50 Soevite

T 16 43 28 940 60 19 50 Soevite

T 16 46 36 260 10 18 50 Soevite

Table B9 of B12.

of 47



T 16 49 48 250 40 31 50 Soev ite

T 16 52 38 330 45 35 50 Hollaite

T 16 55 38 160 40 34 50 Soev ite

T 16 58 30 1660 160 69 50 Soev ite

T 16 61 72 580 30 33 50 Soev ite

T 16 64 72 680 10 32 50 Soev ite

T 16 67 56 500 20 30 50 Soev ite

T 16 70 180 400 40 33 80 Hollaite

T 18 1 42 210 10 18 50 Soev ite


T 18 6 36 310 10 17 50 Soev ite

T 18 9 40 230 10 24 50 Soev ite

T 18 12 54 240 10 25 50 Soev ite

T 18 15 64 340 10 20 50 Soev ite

T 18 18 56 250 10 17 50 Soev ite

T 18 21 40 210 10 18 50 Soev ite

T 18 24 21 100 10 10 50 Soev ite

T 18 27 20 140 10 15 50 Soev ite

T 18 30 44 280 10 23 50 Hollaite

T 18 34 120 240 20 35 70 Soev ite

T 18 36 56 220 35 32 50 Soev ite

T 18 40 58 160 10 20 50 Soev ite

T 18 45 40 270 10 23 50 Soev ite

T 18 48 40 150 10 18 50 Soev ite

T 18 51 47 190 10 18 50 Soev ite

T 18 54 40 180 10 18 50 Soev ite

T 18 57 35 130 10 18 50 Soev ite

T 18 60 60 170 10 14 50 Hollaite

T 18 63 65 200 40 22 50 Hollaite

T 21 1 10 4300 40 37 50 Soev ite

T 21 3 16 7400 100 55 50 Soev ite

T 21 6 34 6080 140 57 50 Soev ite

T 21 9 10 7360 80 40 50 Soev ite

T 21 12 10 6800 70 36 50 Soev ite

T 21 15 10 4880 90 32 50 Rodbergite

T 21 18 10 2300 80 23 50 Rodbergite

T 21 21 10 2400 130 31 50 Rodbergite

T 21 24 10 4680 60 40 50 Soev ite

T 21 27 10 3140 50 24 50 Soev ite

T 21 30 46 5600 30 42 50 Soev ite

T 21 33 16 1600 30 22 50 Soev ite

T 21 36 70 460 10 27 50 Soev ite

Table B10 of B12.

of 47



T 21 39 28 1060 30 24 50 Soevite

T 21 42 44 4440 110 62 50 Soevite

T 21 45 10 1800 90 37 50 Rodbergite

T 21 48 15 1380 50 33 50 Rodbergite

T 23 1 70 360 60 33 50 Soevite

T 23 3 36 270 50 26 50 Soevite

T 23 6 44 240 20 25 50 Soevite

T 23 9 36 540 20 35 50 Soevite

T 23 12 58 3520 30 49 50 Soevite

T 23 15 40 3630 90 38 50 Rodbergite

T 23 18 62 940 110 46 50 Rodbergite

T 23 21 22 570 70 40 50 Rodbergite

T 23 26 15 700 160 52 50 Rodbergite

T 23 29 22 450 90 43 50 Rodbergite

T 23 32 15 490 150 49 50 Rodbergite

T 23 35 35 540 120 41 50 Soevite

T 23 39 18 790 100 52 50 Soevite

T 23 42 10 850 65 38 50 Soevite

T 23 45 25 940 55 33 50 Soevite

T 23 48 10 1460 90 40 50 Soevite

T 23 51 16 1920 70 49 50 Soevite

T 9 1 90 100 45 21 50 Soevite

T 9 5 85 490 40 23 50 Soevite and Hollaite

T 9 10 56 180 20 20 50 Soevite and Hollaite

T 9 13 20 150 10 12 50 Soevite and rodbergite

T 9 16 42 250 10 16 50 Soevite

T 9 19 35 250 10 19 50 Soevite

T 9 22 62 100 20 10 50 Soevite and hollaite


T 9 29 55 200 25 14 60 Soevite

T 9 33 88 140 20 10 50 Hollaite

T 9 36 45 270 25 22 50 Soevite

T 9 40 85 120 25 10 50 Hollaite

T 9 44 55 160 20 15 50 Soevite

T 9 47 58 190 35 21 50 Hollaite


T 9 54 55 150 15 19 50 Soevite

Ts 7 1 25 90 170 18 50

Ts 7 2 40 110 10 23 50

Ts 7 3 50 100 20 24 50

Ts 7 4 48 140 10 16 50

Ts 7 5 46 100 15 10 50

Table B11 of B12.

of 47



Ts 7 6 48 110 10 10 50

Ts 7 7 40 190 15 18 50

Ts 7 8 38 210 10 15 50

Ts 7 9 36 180 15 13 50

Ts 7 10 48 60 20 10 50

Ts 7 11 40 140 10 16 50

Ts 7 12 86 140 15 14 50

Ts 7 13 45 120 10 17 50

Ts 7 14 45 130 10 10 50

Ts 7 15 45 120 10 19 50

Ts 7 16 48 30 10 10 50

Ts 7 17 40 110 15 21 50

Ts 7 18 35 220 65 25 50

Ts 7 19 55 160 20 25 50

Ts 7 20 52 170 35 10 50

Ts 7 21 50 150 15 10 50

Ts 7 22 55 140 210 16 50

Ts 7 23 45 1400 25 15 50

Ts 7 24 52 150 10 13 50

Ts 7 25 75 170 20 15 50

Table B12 of B12.

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Appendix C

Radiometry and rock sample anomaly maps

of 47

Fig. C1 of C4. Aerial photo

of the Soeve-Gruveåsen

region with REE anomaly

pattern for NGU samples

collected between 1967

and 1970.

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Fig. C2 of C4. Aerial photo of

the Soeve-Gruveåsen area

draped by thorium levels based

on the 2006 NGU radiometric

survey and REE anomaly

pattern for NGU samples

collected between 1967 and

1970.

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C3 of C4. Close-up of the Gruveåsen area including thorium levels and rock samples collected by the NGU from 1967 to 1970.

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C4 of C4. Close-up of the Rauhaug-Vibeto area including thorium levels and rock samples collected by the NGU from 1967 to 1970.

THE FEN CARBONATITE COMPLEX, ULEFOSS, SOUTH NORWAY...Exploranium GR820 gamma-ray spectrometer with...

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