The Federal Agency for Railway Transport Emperor Alexander ... year...The Federal Agency for Railway...
Transcript of The Federal Agency for Railway Transport Emperor Alexander ... year...The Federal Agency for Railway...
The Federal Agency for Railway Transport
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
St. Petersburg, Russia
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА
Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение
высшего образования
«Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения
Императора Александра I»
International scientific conference
«Transportation Geotechnics and Geoecology» (TGG-2017)
May 15th —19th, 2017
Международная научно-техническая конференция
«Транспортная геотехника и геоэкология» (TGG-2017)
15 - 19 мая 2017 года
St. Petersburg
Санкт-Петербург
2017
Транспортная геотехника и геоэкология: материалы Международной научно-
технической конференции «Транспортная геотехника и геоэкология» (TGG-2017)
(Санкт-Петербург, 15–17 мая 2017 года) / под ред. А.В. Петряева, А.А. Конон. – СПб.:
ФГБОУ ВО ПГУПС, 2017.
Международная научно-техническая конференция «Транспортная геотехника и
геоэкология» посвящена доктору технических наук, министру путей сообщения
Александру Васильевичу Ливеровскому. В докладах и сообщениях конференции
представлены обширные результаты исследований, лучшие практики и опыт в области
транспортной геотехники и геоэкологии.
Материалы сборника рассчитаны на специалистов в области транспортного и
гражданского строительства, подземного строительства, инженеров-геотехников,
экологов, ученых, преподавателей, аспирантов.
Table of contents
Содержание
Conference Programme ........................................................................................................................... 4
Программа конференции .................................................................................................................... 10
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg state transport university. Buildings scheme .................................... 16
Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения императора Александра I.
Схема корпусов ................................................................................................................................... 16
Committees ............................................................................................................................................ 17
Организационный комитет ................................................................................................................. 19
Keynote Lectures ................................................................................................................................... 21
Session 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 28
Session 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 33
Session 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 37
Session 4 ................................................................................................................................................ 41
Session 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 45
Session 6 ................................................................................................................................................ 49
Session 7 ................................................................................................................................................ 52
Session 9 ................................................................................................................................................ 56
Session 10 .............................................................................................................................................. 59
Session 11 .............................................................................................................................................. 65
Session 12 .............................................................................................................................................. 71
Session 13 .............................................................................................................................................. 74
Session 14 .............................................................................................................................................. 78
Session 15 .............................................................................................................................................. 82
Session 16 .............................................................................................................................................. 88
Session 17 .............................................................................................................................................. 92
Session 18 .............................................................................................................................................. 98
Session 19 ............................................................................................................................................ 103
Session 20 ............................................................................................................................................ 108
Session 21 ............................................................................................................................................ 112
Conference Programme
15-16 Мay 2017
a short course "THE PRESSUREMETER AND FOUNDATION DESIGN",
by Jean-Louis Briaud, Anna Shidlovskaya and Anna Timchenko
in collaboration with RSSMGFE - Russian Society for Soil Mechanics, Geotechnics and
Foundation Engineering (Vyacheslav Ilyichev), GC “Georeconstruction” (Alexei Shashkin)
Monday 15 May 2017 – 09:00 to 13:00
1. Why is the pressuremeter giving an edge to the foundation engineer?
2. Description of the equipment
3. Calibration and saturation of the equipment
4. Preparing the borehole
5. Performing the test (long static pressure to simulate long-term loading or rapid inflation for
impact loading or cyclic loading to replicate repetitions of load)
6. Comparison between Russian standard and ASTM standard (USA)
7. Demonstration of the test
Monday 15 May 2017 – 14:00 to 17:30
8. Data reduction
9. Soil parameters (modulus and strength)
10. Comparison between the PMT parameters and other soil parameters
11. Shallow foundations
Tuesday 16 May 2017 – 09:00 to 12:30
12. Vertically loaded piles
13. Horizontally loaded piles
14. Retaining walls
15. Soil Improvement
16. International and Russian experience on pressuremeter testing
17. Future of PMT in Russia
18. Advantages and disadvantages
Dr. Briaud, Dr. Shidlovskaya and Dr. Timchenko will be available Tuesday afternoon for free
consulting on pressuremeter and geotechnical projects.
17 May 2017
08:30-10:00 Registration
10:00-10:15 Opening Ceremony (Chair – A. Petriaev,
Assembly hall)
10:15-11:50 Keynote Lectures : S. Kudryavtsev, S. Akagawa, V. Kondratiev
(Chair – A. Petriaev, Assembly hall)
11:50-12:45 Lunch
12:45-15:00 Keynote Lectures : E. Tutumluer, Meng Xianglian, J. Zornberg, A.
Gomes Correia (Chair – J.-L. Briaud, Assembly hall)
15:00-18:30 Bus trip to Peterhof
18:30-21:00 Welcome Cocktail
Keynote Lectures
Prof. Sergey A. Kudryavtsev, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
"Development of transport geotechnics of the Far East"
Prof. Satoshi Akagawa, Cryosphere Engineering Laboratory, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
"Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Track"
Prof. Valentin G. Kondratiev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia
"Main Geotechnical Problems of Railways and Roads in Kriolitozone and Their Solutions"
Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
USA
"Granular Layer Stiffness Enhancement Provided by Geogrid-Aggregate Interlock"
Meng Xianglian, China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., China
"Key Technologies of Survey and Design for Plateau Permafrost Railway"
Prof. Jorge G. Zornberg, Immediate Past-President of International Geosynthetics Society
(IGS), University of Texas at Austin, USA
"Functions and Applications of Geosynthetics in Roadways"
Prof. Antonio Gomes Correia, Immediate past Chair of the TC202, University of Minho,
Portugal
"Analysis of Nonlinear Soil Modelling in the Subgrade and Rail Track Responses under HST"
18 May 2017
9:00-11:15 Keynote Lectures : I. Vaniček, J.-L. Briaud, A. Zhussupbekov, J. Liu
(Chair – A. Gomes Correia,
Assembly hall)
Prof. Ivan Vaniček, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009-2013, Chech Technical
University, Prague, Chech Republic
"Application of Large Volume Waste for Earth Structures of Transport Engineering"
Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, President of the ISSMGE 2009-2013, Texas A&M University, USA
"High Speed Trains Geotechnics"
Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
"Pile Foundations of Megaprojects: New Railway Station and LRT in Problematical Soil
Ground of Astana"
Prof. Jiankun Liu, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
"Thermal-mechanical Properties of Fiber-reinforced Soil under Multiple Freeze-Thaw
Сycles"
11:15-12:15 Lunch
12:15-14:00 Session 1
Assembly hall
Problems of noise
and vibration
Chair - Wojciech
Gosk
Niyazi Özgür
Bezgin,
Krzysztof Robert
Czech,
Ivan S. Kozlov,
Hudsadin
Sirithepmontree,
Marina Butorina,
Gao Qian,
Nikolai I. Ivanov
Session 2
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Use of geosynthetics
in railroad
construction
Chair - Jorge G.
Zornberg
Mike Horton,
Erol Güler,
Andrei V. Petriaev,
Andrei V. Petriaev,
Zikmund Rakowski,
Sakdirat Kaewunruen,
Yevgeniy V.
Fedorenko
Session 3
room 3-221
Geoecoprotective
materials, structures
and technologies for
transportation
Chair –
Ivan Vaniček
Serdar Dindar,
Antonina S.
Sakharova, Lyudmila
L. Maslennikova,
Maria V. Shershneva,
Larisa B. Svatovskaya,
Marina M.
Baidarashvili,
Natalia N. Babak
14:00-14:15 Coffee Break
14:15-16:00 Session 4
Assembly hall
Problems of noise
and vibration
Chair - Sakdirat
Kaewunruen
Alexey A.Loktev,
Lidiya V. Ryzhova,
Saidburkhon
Session 5
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Use of geosynthetics
in road construction
Chair - Zikmund
Rakowski Valerii I. Shtykov,
Vladimir P. Beltiukov,
Session 6
room 3-221
Geoecoprotective
materials, structures
and technologies for
transportation
Chair - Larisa B.
Svatovskaya Larisa B. Svatovskaya,
T.Djabbarov,
Vladimir V.
Egorov,
Krzysztof Robert
Czech,
Evgeniy P. Dudkin
Xin Peng,
Ankita Kumar,
Marcin Grygierek,
Leoš Horníček
Lyudmila L.
Maslennikova,
Maria V. Shershneva,
Larisa B. Svatovskaya,
Marina M.
Baydarashvili
Marina M.
Baydarashvili
16:00-16:15 Coffee Break
16:15-17:45 Session 7
Assembly hall
Soil dynamics
Chair - Pavel V.
Ivanov
K. Zabielska-
Adamska,
Pavel V. Ivanov,
Alexey F.Kolos,
Anatoly I.
Kistanov,
Petr L.
Klemyatsionok
Session 8
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Chair - Jorge G.
Zornberg
International
Geosynthetics Society
Meeting
Session 9
room 3-221
Geoecoprotective
materials, structures
and technologies for
transportation
Chair - Antonina S.
Sakharova Tatiana A.
Menukhova,
Larisa B. Svatovskaya
Anastasia M. Sychova
Anastasia M. Sychova
Leonid N.Skipin
18:00-20:00 Dinner (Oak hall 1-230)
19 May 2017
9:00-10:45 Session 10
Assembly hall
Problems of
railway ballast and
ballastless track
upper structure
Chair – Erol
Tutumluer
Alexey F. Kolos,
Alexey F. Kolos,
Alexander R.
Abrashitov,
Gennadiy L.
Akkerman,
Aleksander V.
Savin,
Andrey V.
Moshenzhal,
Ludmila S. Blazhko,
Valery V.
Kondratov,
Evgeniy S.Ashpiz
Session 11
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Geotechnical
problems in cold
regions
Chair - Tatsuya
Ishikawa
Vladimir I. Moiseev,
Yuri V. Trofimenko,
Go Hirose,
Takuto Inoue,
Vladimir M. Ulitsky,
Andrei S.Loktev,
Vladimir N.
Paramonov,
Akira Mori
Session 12
room 3-221
Transport facilities
influence on
underground
structures
Chair – Anton A.
Sokornov
Giovanni Caloni,
Andrey V. Benin,
Rashid A.
Mangushev,
A.N. Perminov,
Yuri A. Nikitin
10:45-11:00 Coffee Break
11:00-12:45 Session 13
Assembly hall
Stability of slopes
Chair - Alexey F.
Kolos
Daria D. Shubina,
Jurić Kaćunić,
Tamila S. Titova,
Talal Awwad,
Valentin V.
Vinogradov,
Andrey A.
Ponomarev,
Igor K. Fomenko,
Andrey V. Bagin
Session 14
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Use of geosynthetics
in road construction
Chair - Erol Güler
Sunil Kimar Ahirwar,
Yebeltal Zerie Beju ,
Gleb V. Solovyev,
Akram H. Abd,
Maria J. Sulewska,
Lidia Sarah
Calvarano
Session 15
room 3-221
Problems of
underground
construction in
complex
geotechnical
conditions
Chair – Dmitry A.
Soloviev
Bo Liu,
Ji-Lei Hu,
Tatiana V. Ivanes,
Alexander P.Lediаev,
P.L. Ng,
Yyri S.Frolov,
Yyri S.Frolov,
Andrei A. Ananev
12:45-13:45 Lunch
13:45-15:15 Session 16
Assembly hall
Pavement problems
caused by the
natural influences
and due to repeated
cars passages
Chair - Jnanendra
Nath Mandal
Dai Yu-Chen,
Maria A.
Lyubarskaya,
Dulal Chandra Saha,
Tatyana I. Boykova,
Tatyana I. Boykova
V.V. Garbaruk
Session 17
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Soil field testing
Chair – Stefano
Utili
Wei Duan,
Wojciech Gosk,
Poranic Jitareekul,
Łukasz Aleksander
Kumor,
Geophysics
Stefano Utili,
Alexander A.
Baryakh,
Viktor V. Pupatenko
Session 18
room 3-221
Geotechnical
monitoring
Chair – Askar
Zhussupbekov
Lorenzo Magni,
Andrei A. Belyi,
Lorenzo Magni,
Mikhail Y. Bryn,
Nikolay V. Kanashin,
Mikhail Y. Bryn,
Murat G. Mustafin,
Dmitry V.Beregovoi
15:15-15:30 Coffee Break
15:30-17:00 Session 19
Assembly hall
Interaction of soil
and engineering
structures
Chair – Jiankun
Liu
Sergei V. Kvashuk,
Gennadiy M.
Stoyanovich,
Deng Yongfeng,
Session 20
Conference
Hall (7-227)
Techniques of earth
foundation
strengthening
Chair – Anastasia
A. Konon
Mehdi Mirzababaei,
Liu Song-Yu,
Yuan Cheng,
Session 21
room 3-221
Geotechnical
modelling
Chair – Vladimir N.
Paramonov
Sergei I. Alekseev,
Anton A. Kuzin,
Vera A. Alpysova
Design and
Vladimir N.
Smirnov,
Dmitry Serebryakov,
N.A. Perminov,
Mirva Gega
Viktor V. Ganchits,
Kristina S.
Malchevskaya,
M.V.Shah
construction of
transport facilities
Maria E. Nikulina,
M. G. Ryumin,
Dmitry V.
Serebryakov,
Evgeniy P. Dudkin,
Evgeniy P. Dudkin
17:00-17:15 Coffee Break
17:15-18:00 Closing Ceremony (Chair – A. Petriaev,
Assembly hall)
18:00-20:00 River cruise "St. Petersburg Rivers and Canals"
Программа конференции
15-16 мая 2017 года
семинар "ПРЕССИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ИСПЫТАНИЯ И ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ
ФУНДАМЕНТОВ"
Ведущие семинара - профессор Жан-Луи Брийо, Анна Валерьевна Шидловская и Анна
Андреевна Тимченко
(Горный университет). Семинар организован при поддержке РОМГГиФ и В.А.
Ильичева, ЗАО "Геореконструкция" и А.Г. Шашкина.
Понедельник 15 мая 2017 года – 09:00 - 13:00
1. Какие преимущества для инженера-геотехника даёт прессиометр?
2. Описание оборудования.
3. Калибровка и подготовка оборудования.
4. Подготовка скважины
5. Проведение испытания (длительное статическое давление для моделирования
длительно действующей нагрузки, быстрое испытание для моделирования
краткосрочной нагрузки, циклическое нагружение для моделирования многократно
прикладываемой нагрузки)
6. Сравнение российских стандартов и стандартов ASTM (США)
7. Показательное испытание
Понедельник 15 мая 2017 года –14:00 - 17:30
8. Обработка результатов
9. Характеристики грунтов
10. Сравнение характеристик, полученных после прессиометрического испытания, и
других свойств грунтов
11. Фундаменты мелкого заложения
Вторник 16 мая 2017 года – 09:00 - 12:30 12. Vertically loaded piles
13. Сваи, воспринимающие вертикальную нагрузку
14. Подпорные стены
15. Улучшение свойств грунтов
16. Международный и российский опыт прессиометрических испытаний
17. Будущее прессиометрических испытаний в России
18. Преимущества и недостатки
Во вторник 16 мая с 14.00 Ж.-Л. Брийо, А.В. Шидловская и А.А. Тимченко проведут
консультацию по прессиометрическим испытаниям и геотехническим проектам.
17 мая 2017 года
08:30-10:00 Регистрация
10:00-10:15 Церемония открытия (председатель – А.В. Петряев, Актовый
зал)
10:15-11:50 Ключевые лекции : С.А. Кудрявцев, С. Акагава, В.Г. Кондратьев
(председатель – А.В. Петряев, Актовый зал)
11:50-12:45 Обед
12:45-15:00 Ключевые лекции : Э. Тутумлуэр, М. Сянглян, Й. Зорнберг, А.
Гомес Коррейа (председатель – Ж.-Л. Брийо, Актовый зал)
15:00-18:30 Автобусная экскурсия в Петергоф
18:30-21:00 Приём ректора
Ключевые лекции
Проф. Сергей Анатольевич Кудрявцев, Дальневосточный государственный
университет путей сообщения, Хабаровск, Россия
"Развитие транспортной геотехники на Дальнем Востоке"
Проф. Сатоши Акагава, Лаборатория инжиниринга криосферы, Токио, Япония
"Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Track"
Проф. Валентин Георгиевич Кондратьев, Забайкальский государственный университет,
Чита, Россия
"Основные геотехнические проблемы железных и автомобильных дорог в
криолитозоне и их решения"
Проф. Эрол Тутумлуэр, председатель TC202, ISSMGE, Университет Иллинойса,
Урбана-Шампэйн, США
"Повышение жесткости зернистого слоя путем армирования георешетками"
Менг Сянглян, Первый железнодорожный изыскательский и проектный институт,
Китай
"Ключевые технология изысканий и проектирования железных дорог на вечномерзлом
плоскогорье"
Проф. Хорхе Г. Зорнберг, Университет Техаса, Остин, США
"Функции и области применения геосинтетических материалов в строительстве дорог"
Проф. Антонио Гомес Коррейа, Университет Минью, Португалия
"Анализ применения нелинейных моделей грунта для оценки динамических
характеристик земляного полотна и верхнего строения пути при высокоскоростном
движении"
18 мая 2017 года
9:00-11:15 Ключевые лекции : И. Ваничек, Ж.-Л. Брийо, А. Жусупбеков, Ц.-
К. Лиу
Проф. Иван Ваничек, Чешский технический университет, Прага, Чехия
"Применение больших объемов отходов в грунтовых сооружениях для транспортного
строительства"
Проф. Жан-Луи Брийо, Университет Техаса, США
"Геотехника для высокоскоростного движения поездов"
Проф. Аскар Жусупбеков, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева,
Астана, Казахстан
"Свайные основания для крупных проектов: новая железнодорожная станция и
легкорельсовая железная дорога на сложном грунтовом основании в г.Астана"
Проф. Цианкун Лю, Пекинский университет, Пекин, Китай
"Термомеханические свойства фиброармированного грунта в условиях многократного
замораживания и оттаивания"
11:15-12:15 Обед
12:15-14:00 Секция 1
Актовый зал
Проблемы шума
и вибрации
Председатель –
Войцех Госк
Н.О. Безгин,
К.Р. Чех,
И.С. Козлов,
Х.
Сиритепмонтри,
М. В. Буторина,
Гао Киан,
Н.И. Иванов
Секция 2
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Применение
геосинтетических
материалов в
железнодорожном
строительстве
Председатель –
Хорхе Г. Зорнберг
M. Хортон,
Э. Гюлер,
А.В. Петряев
З. Раковски
С. Каевунруен
Е.В. Федоренко
Секция 3
ауд. 3-221
Геоэкозащит-ные
материалы,
конструкции и
технологии для
транспорта
Председатель –
Иван Ваничек
С. Диндар,
А.С. Сахарова,
Л.Л.
Масленникова,
М.В. Шершнева,
Л.Б. Сватовская,
М.М.
Байдарашвили,
Н.Н. Бабак
14:00-14:15 Кофе-брейк
14:15-16:00 Секция 4
Актовый зал
Проблемы шума
и вибрации
Председатель –
Сакдират
Каевунруен А.А.
Локтев
Л.В. Рыжова
С.Т. Джаббаров
В.В. Егоров
К.Р. Чех
Е.П. Дудкин
Секция 5
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Применение
геосинтетических
материалов в
дорожном
строительстве
Председатель –
Зикмунд Раковски
В.И. Штыков,
В.П. Бельтюков,
Син Пенг,
А. Кумар,
М. Григерек,
Л. Хорничек
Секция 6
Геоэкозащит-ные
материалы,
конструкции и
технологии для
транспорта
Председатель –
Л.Б. Сватовская
Л.Б. Сватовская,
Л.Л.
Масленникова,
М.В. Шершнева,
Л.Б. Сватовская,
М.М.
Байдарашвили,
М.М.
Байдарашвили
16:00-16:15 Кофе-брейк
16:15-17:45 Секция 7
Актовый зал
Динамика
грунтов
Председатель –
П.В. Иванов
К. Забельска-
Адамска,
П.В. Иванов,
А.Ф. Колос,
А.И. Кистанов,
П.Л. Клемяционок
Секция 8
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Председатель –
Хорхе Г. Зорнберг
Встреча
Международного
общества
геосинтетических
материалов
Секция 9
ауд.3-221
Геоэкозащит-ные
материалы,
конструкции и
технологии для
транспорта
Председатель –
А.С. Сахарова
Т.А. Менухова,
Л.Б. Сватовская,
А.М. Сычева,
А.М. Сычева,
Л.Н. Скипин
18:00-20:00 Торжественный ужин
19 мая 2017 года
9:00-10:45 Секция 10
Актовый зал
Проблемы
балластного и
безбалластного
верхнего строения
пути
Председатель –
Эрол Тутумлуэр
А.Ф. Колос,
А.Ф. Колос,
А.Р. Абрашитов,
Г.Л. Аккерман,
А.В. Савин,
А.В. Мошенжал,
Л.С. Блажко,
В. В. Кондратов,
Е.С. Ашпиз
Секция 11
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Геотехнические
проблемы
холодных
регионов
Председатель –
Татсуя Ишикава
В.И. Моисеев,
Ю.В. Трофименко,
Г. Хиросе,
Т. Иноуэ,
В.М. Улицкий,
А.С. Локтев,
В.Н. Парамонов
А. Мори
Секция 12
ауд.3-221
Влияние
транспортных
объектов на
подземные
сооружения
Председатель –
А.А. Сокорнов
Д. Калони,
А.В. Бенин,
Р.А. Мангушев,
А.Н. Перминов,
Ю.А. Никитин
10:45-11:00 Кофе-брейк
11:00-12:45 Секция 13
Актовый зал
Устойчивость
откосов и склонов
Председатель –
А.Ф. Колос
Д.Д. Шубина,
Ю. Качунич,
Т.С. Титова,
Секция 14
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Применение
геосинтетических
материалов в
дорожном
строительстве
Председатель –
Секция 15
ауд.3-221
Проблемы
подземного
строительства в
сложных
геотехнических
условиях
Председатель –
Т. Аввад,
В.В. Виноградов,
А.А. Пономарев,
И.К. Фоменко,
А.В. Багин
Эрол Гюлер С.К. Ахирвар,
Й.З. Бежу,
Г.В. Соловьев,
А.А. Абд,
М. Сулевска,
Л.С. Калварано
Д.А. Соловьев Б. Лю
Дж.-Л. Ху
Т.В. Иванес
А.П. Ледяев
П.Л. Нг
Ю.С. Фролов
Ю.С. Фролов
А.А. Ананьев
12:45-13:45 Обед
13:45-15:15 Секция 16
Актовый зал
Проблемы
покрытий
Председатель –
Дж.Н. Мандал
Д. Ю-Чен,
М.А. Любарская,
Д.Ч. Саха,
Т.И. Бойкова,
Т.И. Бойкова,
В.В. Гарбарук
Секция 17
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Полевые
испытания
свойств грунтов
Председатель – С.
Утили
У. Дуан,
В. Госк,
П. Джитарикул,
Л.А. Кумор,
Геофизика
С. Утили,
А.А. Барях,
В.В. Пупатенко
Секция 18
ауд.3-221
Геотехнический
мониторинг
Председатель – А.
Жусупбеков
Л. Маньи,
А. А. Белый,
Л. Маньи,
М.Я. Брынь,
Н.В. Канашин,
М.Я. Брынь,
М.Г. Мустафин,
Д.В. Береговой
15:15-15:30 Кофе-брейк
15:30-17:00 Секция 19
Актовый зал
Взаимодействие
грунтов и
искусственных
сооружений
Председатель –
Ц.К. Лю
С.В. Квашук,
Г.М. Стоянович,
Д. Йонгфенг,
В.Н. Смирнов,
Д.В. Серебряков,
Н.А. Перминов,
М. Гега
Секция 20
Конференц-зал
(ауд. 7-227)
Стабилизация
грунтовых
оснований
Председатель –
А.А. Конон
М. Мирзабабаэй,
Л. Сонг-Ю,
Ю. Ченг,
В.В. Ганчиц,
К. Мальчевская,
М.В. Шах
Секция 21
ауд. 3-221
Геотехническое
моделирование
Председатель –
В.Н. Парамонов
С.И. Алексеев
А.А. Кузин
В.А. Алпысова
Проектирование и
строительство
транспортных
объектов
М.Е. Никулина
М.Г. Рюмин
Д.В. Серебряков
Е.П. Дудкин
Е.П. Дудкин
17:00-17:15 Кофе-брейк
17:15-18:00 Церемония закрытия (председатель – А.В. Петряев, Актовый
зал)
18:00-20:00 Речной круиз «Реки и каналы Санкт-Петербурга»
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg state transport university. Buildings scheme
Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения императора Александра I. Схема корпусов
Committees
Honorary Chair
Dr. Alexander Y. Panychev, rector of Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport
University
Conference Chair Dr. Andrei V. Petriaev, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St.
Petersburg State Transport University
International Committee Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,
USA
Prof. Antonio Gomes Correia, Immediate past Chair of the TC202, University of Minho,
Portugal
Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, President of the ISSMGE 2009-2013, Texas A&M University, USA
Prof. Vladimir N. Paramonov, Petersburg State Transport University, Russia
Prof. Genadiy M. Stoyanovich, Far-east State University of Railway Engineering, Khabarovsk,
Russia
Prof. Alexander L. Isakov, Siberian State University of Railway Engineering, Novosibirsk,
Russia
Prof. Devendra Narain Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
Prof. Jiankun Liu, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
Prof. Cristina F. Silva, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG,
Brazil
Prof. Sergey A. Kudryavtsev, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Prof. Valentin G. Kondratjev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia
Prof. Gökhan Baykal, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bogazici
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Prof. José Neves, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Prof. Buddhima Indaratna, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong
City, Australia
Prof. Luljeta Bozo, Polis University Tirana, Albania
Prof. Chandrakant Desai, University of Arisona, USA
Prof. Tatsuya Ishikawa, Hokkaido University, Japan
Prof. Ivan Vanicek, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009-2013, Chech
Technical University, Prague, Chech Republic
Simon Dumais, President of permafrost young researches network, (PYRN), University Laval,
Canada
Prof. Mike Winter,Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), Edinburgh, University of
Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
Prof. Jorge G. Zornberg, Immediate Past-President of International Geosynthetics Society
(IGS), University of Texas at Austin, USA
Prof. Repeng Chen, Human University, China
Prof. Jiangu Qian, Tongji University, China
Prof. Andreas Loizos, National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Pavement
Engineering, Greece
Prof. Viktor V. Pupatenko, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Prof. Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska, General Secretary of the Polish Committee of
Geotechnics, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Evgeny S. Ashpiz, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Dr. Andrey A. Zaitsev, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Prof. Eun Chul Shin, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Republic of Korea
Prof. Satoshi Akagawa, Cryosphere Engineering Laboratory, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
Prof. Dimitrios Zekkos, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
Prof. Abdelmalek (Malek) Bouazza, Chair ISSMGE TC215 Environmental Geotechnics,
Monash University, Australia
Prof. Castorina Silva Vieira, University of Porto, Portugal
Editorial Committee Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Prof. Zhaohui Yang, University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA
Prof. Yuzuru Ito, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
Prof. Feng Zhang, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of
Technology, China / University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA
Dr. Mehdi Mirzababaei, School of Engineering and Technology, CQUniversity, Australia
Dr. Dali Naidu Arnepalli, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Local Committee Prof. Tamila S. Titova, "Technological and Ecological Safety" department, Emperor Alexander
I St. Petersburg State Transport University (Co-chair)
Dr. Alexey F. Kolos, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg
State Transport University (Co-chair)
Prof. Larisa B. Svatovskaya, “Engineering chemistry and natural science”
department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (Co-chair)
Prof. Alexander P. Lediaev, “Tunnels and underground railways” department, Emperor
Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (Co-chair)
Sergey V. Soloviev, First Deputy of Director General of JSC «RZDstroy»
Gennadiy N. Talashkin, “Railway Constructors Inter-regional Association”, Union of railway
construction
Valentin O. Ivanov, “Sevzapupravtodor” (regional department of Federal Road Agency)
Prof. Vladimir M. Ulitsky, "Bases and Foundations" department, Emperor Alexander I St.
Petersburg State Transport University
Prof. Mariya V. Shershneva, “Engineering Chemistry and Natural Science”
department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Prof. Marina M. Baidarashvili, “Engineering chemistry and natural science”
department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Dr. Vladimir N. Kavkazskiy, “Tunnels and underground railways” department, Emperor
Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Dr. Viktoria A. Chernyaeva, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St.
Petersburg State Transport University
Dr. Anastasia A. Konon, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St.
Petersburg State Transport University
Dr. Antonina S. Sakharova, “Engineering chemistry and natural science” department, Emperor
Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University
Viktor V. Ganchits, “Construction of roads” department, Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg
State Transport University
Организационный комитет
Почетный председатель: Александр Юрьевич Панычев, к.э.н., ректор Петербургского государственного
университета путей сообщения Императора Александра I
Председатель конференции: Андрей Владимирович Петряев, к.т.н., кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного
комплекса", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора
Александра I
Организационный комитет
Международный комитет: Prof. Erol Tutumluer, Chair of TC202, ISSMGE, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign,
USA
Prof. Antonio Gomes Correia, Immediate past Chair of the TC202, University of Minho,
Portugal
Prof. Jean-Louis Briaud, President of the ISSMGE 2009-2013, Texas A&M University, USA
Prof. Vladimir N. Paramonov, Petersburg State Transport University, Russia
Prof. Genadiy M. Stoyanovich, Far-east State University of Railway Engineering, Khabarovsk,
Russia
Prof. Alexander L. Isakov, Siberian State University of Railway Engineering, Novosibirsk,
Russia
Prof. Devendra Narain Singh, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
Prof. Jiankun Liu, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
Prof. Cristina F. Silva, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, MG,
Brazil
Prof. Sergey A. Kudryavtsev, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Prof. Valentin G. Kondratjev, Zabaikal State University, Chita, Russia
Prof. Gökhan Baykal, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bogazici
University, Istanbul, Turkey
Prof. José Neves, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Prof. Buddhima Indaratna, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong
City, Australia
Prof. Andreas Loizos, National Technical University of Athens, Laboratory of Pavement
Engineering, Greece
Prof. Luljeta Bozo, Polis University Tirana, Albania
Prof. Chandrakant Desai, University of Arisona, USA
Prof. Tatsuya Ishikawa, Hokkaido University, Japan
Prof. Ivan Vanicek, Vice-president ISSMGE for Europe 2009-2013, Chech
Technical University Prague, Chech Republic
Simon Dumais, President of permafrost young researches network, (PYRN), University Laval,
Canada
Prof. Mike Winter,Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), Edinburgh, University of
Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
Prof. Jorge G. Zornberg, Immediate Past-President of International Geosynthetics Society
(IGS), University of Texas at Austin, USA
Prof. Repeng Chen, Human University, China
Prof. Jiangu Qian, Tongji University, China
Prof. Viktor V. Pupatenko, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Prof. Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska, General Secretary of the Polish Committee of
Geotechnics, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
Prof. Evgeny S. Ashpiz, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Dr. Andrey A. Zaitsev, Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Prof. Eun Chul Shin, College of Urban Science, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Republic of Korea
Prof. Satoshi Akagawa, Cryosphere Engineering Laboratory, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
Prof. Dimitrios Zekkos, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
Prof. Abdelmalek (Malek) Bouazza, Chair ISSMGE TC215 Environmental Geotechnics,
Monash University, Australia
Prof. Castorina Silva Vieira, University of Porto, Portugal
Редакционный комитет: Prof. Askar Zhussupbekov, Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Prof. Zhaohui Yang, University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA
Prof. Yuzuru Ito, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Science and
Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan
Prof. Feng Zhang, School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of
Technology, China / University of Alaska, Anchorage, USA
Dr. Mehdi Mirzababaei, School of Engineering and Technology, CQUniversity, Australia
Dr. Dali Naidu Arnepalli, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Местный комитет: Тамила Семеновна Титова, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра «Техносферная и экологическая
безопасность», Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения
Императора Александра I (Сопредседатель)
Алексей Федорович Колос, к.т.н., доцент, кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного
комплекса", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора
Александра I (Сопредседатель)
Лариса Борисовна Сватовская, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра "Инженерная химия и
естествознание", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения
Императора Александра I (Сопредседатель)
Александр Петрович Ледяев, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра "Тоннели и метрополитены",
Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I
(Сопредседатель)
Владимир Михайлович Улицкий, д.т.н., профессор, кафедра "Основания и
фундаменты", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора
Александра I
Анастасия Андреевна Конон, к.т.н., кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного
комплекса", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора
Александра I (секретарь конференции)
Виктория Андреевна Черняева, к.т.н., кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного
комплекса", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора
Александра I
Виктор Всеволодович Ганчиц, кафедра "Строительство дорог транспортного
комплекса", Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора
Александра I
Антонина Сергеевна Сахарова, к.т.н., кафедра "Инженерная химия и естествознание",
Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I
Keynote Lectures
Embankment on permafrost Eastern polygon of Baikal-Amur Mainline
Насыпи на вечномерзлых грунтах Восточного полигона Байкало-Амурской
магистрали
Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Alexei V.Kazharsky, Elena D. Goncharova, Zhanna I. Kotenko, Danil
O. Grigoriev
The investigation of freezing and thawing processes of metal foundations ground of
pipelines
Исследование процесса замораживания и оттаивания оснований трубопроводов
Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Vyacheslav S. Kovshun , Aleksandra D. Mut
Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Tracks
Морозное пучение на железных дорогах с балластным верхним строением пути
Satoshi Akagawaa , Michiaki Hori
b, Jyun Sugawara
c
aCryosphere Engineering Laboratory, 3-2153-146 Motohachioji Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0826,
Japan bHokkaido Railway Campany, Sapporo, Japan
cIHI Corporation, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Main geotechnical problems of railways and roads in kriolitozone and their solutions
Основные геотехнические проблемы железных и автомобильных дорог в
криолитозоне и их решения
Valentin G. Kondratiev
Zabaykalsky State University, 30, Alexandro-Zavodskaya, Chita, 672039, Russia
Key Technologies of Survey and Design for Plateau Permafrost Railway
Ключевые технология изысканий и проектирования железных дорог на
вечномерзлом плоскогорье
Meng Xianglian
China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043 China
Functions and applications of geosynthetics in roadways
Функции и области применения геосинтетических материалов в строительстве дорог
Jorge G. Zornberg
Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of
Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1700, Austin, Texas, 78712-0273, USA
Trends in track substructure of high speed railways
Верхнее строение железнодорожного пути при высокоскоростном движении
Antonio Gomes Correia
ISISE, School of Engineering of University of Minho, Portugal
Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics
Геотехника для транспорта и защиты окружающей среды
Ivan Vaníčeka, Daniel Jirásko
a , Martin Vaníček
b
aCzech Technical University in Prague, FCE, Thakurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic
bGeosyntetika Ltd., Nikoly Tesly 3, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
High Speed Trains Geotechnics: What Is a Tolerable Bump?
Геотехника при высокоскоростном движении
Jean-Louis Briauda, Somayeh R. Tafti
b
aDistinguished Professor, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,USA, 77843-3136; e-
mail: [email protected] bPhD Candidate, Texas A&M University, College Station,Texas,USA, 77843-3136;e-
mail:[email protected]
Pile foundations of mega projects: new railway station and LRT in problematical soil
ground of Astana
Свайные основания для крупных проектов: новая железнодорожная станция и
легкорельсовая железная дорога на сложном грунтовом основании в г.Астана
Askar Zhussupbekova, Abdulla Omarov
a, Gyulnara Zhukenova
a, Gulzhanat Tanyrbergenova
a
aEurasian National University, 2, Satpayev Street, Astana, 0100008, Kazakhstan
Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Triaxial Strength Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Clayey
Soil
Термомеханические свойства фиброармированного грунта в условиях
многократного замораживания и оттаивания
Jiankun Liu, Muge Elif Orakoglu
School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University
Embankment on permafrost Eastern polygon of Baikal-Amur Mainline
Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Alexei V.Kazharsky, Elena D. Goncharova, Zhanna I. Kotenko, Danil
O. Grigoriev
Far Eastern State Transport University, 47 Seryshev St,.Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia,
E-mail: [email protected]
The paper considers modelling of effective structures of existing railroad embankments in
several variants when projecting side tracks on the Baikal-Amur Mainline of the “Russian
Railway”, PLC. The comparison of different factors affecting the temperature fluctuation in the
roadway on a partially thawed permafrost subgrade was carried out by the numerical modeling in
a non-stationary setting. Quite a number of rational designs for railway embankments, bridges
and pipes located in the permafrost areas are developed according to the methods and design-
basis justification that are created during a reconstruction of the Eastern Polygon on the Baikal-
Amur Mainline.
Keywords: Permafrost, freezing, thawing , numerical simulation, embankment
The investigation of freezing and thawing processes of metal foundations ground of pipelines
Sergey A. Kudryavtsev , Vyacheslav S. Kovshun , Aleksandra D. Mut
Far Eastern State Transport University, 47 Seryshev St,.Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The paper considers the definition of the freezing and thawing indices of soils in settlements
along the route of the oil pipeline "Kuyumba-Taishet-Kozmino", estimated geocryological
conditions, determine the depth of soil freezing and frost heaving force with the help of
numerical simulation and developed measures for their elimination. In areas with seasonally
freezing soils accepted measures to eliminate frost heaving forces and in areas with permafrost
are used seasonally cooling devices.
Keywords: Metal foundations, permafrost, seasonally-freezing soil, numerical simulation, helical
piles
Frost Heaving in Ballast Railway Tracks
Satoshi Akagawaa , Michiaki Hori
b, Jyun Sugawara
c
aCryosphere Engineering Laboratory, 3-2153-146 Motohachioji Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0826,
Japan bHokkaido Railway Campany, Sapporo, Japan
cIHI Corporation, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
E-mail: [email protected]
Frost heave is a well-known phenomenon in cold regions. It may happen in the wet clayey
ground during winter in seasonally frozen regions and during autumn to winter in active layers in
permafrost regions. The railway track upheaval, which happens in cold regions, is generally
understood as due to frost heaving in subgrade layers. However, it has been confirmed that the
upheaval due to frost heaving sometimes happens in the ballast layers. This understanding has
been acquired by observing active railway tracks in northern Japan. Samples have been collected
from ballast and subgrade layers and have been examined their frost heave susceptibilities along
with mineral compositions with X-ray diffraction analysis. The results confirmed that fine
materials in the ballast layers consist of clayey minerals and crushed rock-forming minerals of
ballast. Those fine minerals have confirmed to be frost heave susceptible with frost heave tests.
A series of frost heave tests has conducted using crushed rock and fine material, i.e. Kaolinite,
mixture and confirmed that the mixtures frost heave. The frost heave susceptibility of the
mixture is almost proportional to the saturation ratio of the fine materials in its voids, even if the
voids of the crushed rock are not saturated with fine materials. This has been understood that
initially crushed rocks support the overburden and the fine materials in voids does not have to
support overburden. Then the high heave ratio is expected in the fine materials until the voids are
filled with fine materials and ice lenses. After the voids are filled with the fine materials and ice
lenses, segregating ice lens starts to push up the overburden, 1.e. ballast layer, and cause
macroscopic upheaval due to frost heaving.
Keywords: ballast railway track; confinement; fine materials; frost heave
Main geotechnical problems of railways and roads in kriolitozone and their solutions
Valentin G. Kondratiev
Zabaykalsky State University, 30, Alexandro-Zavodskaya, Chita, 672039, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
In Transbaikal and in the adjacent territories including China for the last 20 years was activated
the building of railroad and highways. Experience of development anti-deformation measures for
the Russian and Chinese railroads and highways with utilization active methods of strengthening
of the railway embankment on ice-rich permafrost is illuminated. New technical solutions anti-
frost heaving devices for contact-line and airline supports on permafrost and a deep seasonal
freezing of the soils, providing decrease of forces of a regulation seasonally-thawed soils with a
lateral area of a support and reduction of their power and humidity are defined also at
simultaneous magnifying of pinching down action of the transmission tower footing by upheaval
of a roofing of permafrost by means of the taken out a patent for modes; experience of design
and the installation new anti-frost heaving devices is featured at renovation of an overhead
contact system Transbaikal railroad.
Keywords: permafrost, railroad, highway, embankment, thaw settlement, stabilizing treatment
measures, contact-line and airline supports,anti-frost heaving devices.
Key Technologies of Survey and Design for Plateau Permafrost Railway
Meng Xianglian
China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043 China
E-mail: [email protected]
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is known as “the world’s third polar”. Engineering construction on this
plateau is confronted with three challenges, namely “years of permafrost, fragile ecology,
extreme cold and oxygen deficit”. Qinghai-Tibet Railway features as high altitude and the
longest section passing years of permafrost area, which is therefore regarded as an ambitious
century project. In this paper, based on the years of research on Qinghai-Tibet railway
permafrost and survey & design practices as well as the deep analysis of Qinghai-Tibet plateau
permafrost characteristics, the author considers the factors of poor thermal stability, great
difference in ice content and complex hot melt influence in high altitude permafrost, and
specially proposes the prime geological survey engineering and essential solving problems in
fields of subgrade, bridge and culvert, tunnel. Targeted on the major technical issues of
permafrost in Qinghai-Tibet railway, the author elaborates key points as the determination of
permafrost table, permafrost type survey and average earth temperature testing method and
technologies. The idea of “initiative reducing the temperature, cooling the subgrade and
protecting the permafrost” is exhibited during the overall design process. The paper thus
accordingly concludes the key technologies of permafrost subgrade, bridge and culvert, tunnel
engineering in aspects of surveying and designing. 11 years’ operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway
proves overall stable and qualified status of the permafrost engineering.
Keywords: Qinghai-Tibet Railway; Permafrost; Permafrost Engineering Survey; Permafrost
Engineering Design; Key Technologies
Functions and applications of geosynthetics in roadways
Jorge G. Zornberg
Professor, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of
Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1700, Austin, Texas, 78712-0273, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Geosynthetics have been successfully used to fulfill a number of functions that contribute
significantly to the good performance of roadways. They include the functions of separation,
filtration, reinforcement, stiffening, drainage, barrier, and protection. One or more of these
multiple functions have been used in at least six important roadway applications. The
applications include the migration of reflective cracking in asphalt overlays, separation,
stabilization of road bases, stabilization of road soft subgrades, and lateral drainage. This paper
illustrates the mechanisms as well as key advances in each one of these multiple applications.
Keywords: Type your keywords here, separated by semicolons
Trends in track substructure of high speed railway
Antonio Gomes Correia
ISISE, School of Engineering of University of Minho, Portugal
E-mail: [email protected]
Performance of track substructure is largely controlled by the properties and thicknesses of sub-
ballast and subgrade-embankment which determine the track ability to adequately withstand the
various combination of different actions. This paper start with a literature survey highlighting the
importance of track substructure system in the global track response based in field and numerical
data. From this review several layer systems solutions are discussed and emphasis will be
oriented for the constituent geomaterials and properties. In line with the performance-based
design, new geomaterials and advanced construction technologies will be presented, as well as
enhanced test methods necessary to evaluate the conformity with design requirements.
Keywords: high speed railway, sub-ballast, soil subgrade, embankment, construction
Transportation and Environmental Geotechnics
Ivan Vaníčeka, Daniel Jirásko
a , Martin Vaníček
b
aCzech Technical University in Prague, FCE, Thakurova 7, Prague 6, 166 29, Czech Republic
bGeosyntetika Ltd., Nikoly Tesly 3, Prague 6, 160 00, Czech Republic
E-mail: [email protected]
The Environmental Geotechnics as well Transportation Geotechnics are getting a great attention
during last few decades. It is given by new demands for Transport Infrastructure generally, as
well by greater attention to the environment protection. The paper is focused on the intersection
of these two main points, particularly on the possibility to use large volumes of the different
waste materials or byproducts for the earth structures of transport infrastructures as railways,
motorways or airfields. Therefore not only mechanical - physical properties of these materials, as
is e.g. ash, slag or construction and demolition waste, will be mentioned, but also the potential
impact of their leakage on the surrounding environments. Potential contamination from the
vehicles leak will be discussed as well. The final conclusion is specifying the conditions under
which different waste and by-products can be applied in Transport Infrastructure.
Keywords: transportation geotechnics, environmental geotechnics, earth structures, waste
utilization, impact of leachate
High Speed Trains Geotechnics: What Is a Tolerable Bump?
Jean-Louis Briauda, Somayeh R. Tafti
b
aDistinguished Professor, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas,USA, 77843-3136; e-
mail: [email protected]
bPhD Candidate, Texas A&M University, College Station,Texas,USA, 77843-3136;e-
mail:[email protected]
The problem of the bump at the transition between the embankment and the bridge is an
important concern for railways and highways. These bumps can lead to a rough riding surface
which creates discomfort at high speed and high maintenance costs. The current study addresses
the problem for High Speed Trains (HST). One reason for the development of a bump is the
difference in stiffness between the compacted soil embankment and the bridge typically resting
on deep foundations. A 4-D finite element model, developed in LS-DYNA, was used to simulate
the effect of this difference in stiffness at the transition between the embankment and the bridge.
The modulus of the embankment is varied from 5 MPa for a very soft embankment to 120 MPa
for a very stiff embankment. The bridge is considered to be rigid by comparison. This study will
show that the dynamic amplification factor, DAF, defined as the ratio of the maximum dynamic
rail/wheel impact force to the static load on the wheel, changes dramatically with the
embankment modulus and train speeds.
Keywords: bump; transition; HST; 4-D finite element model; DAF
Pile foundations of mega projects: new railway station and LRT in problematical soil ground of
Astana
Askar Zhussupbekova, Abdulla Omarov
a, Gyulnara Zhukenova
a, Gulzhanat Tanyrbergenova
a
aEurasian National University, 2, Satpayev Street, Astana, 0100008, Kazakhstan
E-mail: [email protected]
The article considers the project a new railway station on problematical soils of Astana, as well
as light rail LRT Project. This article includes a summary of dynamic and static tests of driven
and bored piles. Also, it is given the methodology for determining the bearing capacity of piles.
As an example of these methods, the results of the dynamic, static and new PDA (Pile Dynamic
Analyzer) test of teamwork and piles of soil carried out on the construction site “The new
railway station in Astana” and Project light railway LRT (Light Railway Transport) planned to
build in time for the World Expo in Astana EXPO-2017. This paper presented a short description
of changes to the concept of Kazakhstan pile foundation design and to use PDA and DLT and
SLT pile load tests. By georadar survey was funded the areas which reported a hard rock at a
depth of 16 meters and other soil layers.
Keywords: bearing capacity, pile foundation, LRT, PDA, SLT, DLT
Effect of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Triaxial Strength Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Clayey Soil
Jiankun Liu, Muge Elif Orakoglu
School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University
Understanding effect of freezing phenomenon in a fiber-reinforced soil structure is essential to
foundation technology, road construction and earthwork application in cold region. This research
aims to present the results of experimental investigation relative to the unconsolidated-undrained
triaxial compression behavior of fine-grained soil as a function of freeze-thaw cycles and fiber
volume fractions. All measurements were carried out for 3 selected glass and basalt fiber
fractions (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) and 5 selected freeze-thaw cycles (0, 2, 5, 10, and 15). It has been
observed that for the studied soil, strength of unreinforced soil reduced with increasing number
of the freeze-thaw cycles while fiber-reinforced soil shows greater effect and the strength
reduction amount reduces from 40% to 18%. Moreover, the reduction trend for cohesion of the
fiber-reinforced soil decreased, this was seen more prevalent on 1% glass fiber-reinforced soil.
The resilient modulus of all specimens reduced with increasing number of the freezethaw cycles.
The experimental results demonstrated that different fiber fractions and their mixtures could be
employed as supplement additive to improve the freeze-thaw performance of cohesive soils for
road construction and earthworks.
Keywords: freeze-thaw, fiber-reinforced soil
Session 1
18 May 2017 12:15-14:00
Problems of noise and vibration
Development of a new and an explicit analytical equation that estimates the vertical impact
loads of a moving train
Вывод нового уравнения для оценки вертикальной нагрузки движущегося поезда
Niyazi Özgür Bezgin
Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
Measurement of surface vibration accelerations propagated in the environment
Измерение виброускорений на поверхности, распространяющихся в окружающей
среде
Krzysztof Robert Czech, Wojciech Gosk
Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
On vibrodynamic impact on the roadbed
О вибродинамическом воздействии на железнодорожное земляное полотно
Ivan S. Kozlov, Svetlana A. Rostovtseva
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Mikhail I. Shmulevich
PROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, Moscow, Russia
Dynamic soil models for backcalculation of material properties from falling weight
deflectometer deflection data
Динамические модели грунта для обратных вычислений свойств грунта по данным
дефлектометра падающего груза (FWD, УДН)
Hudsadin Sirithepmontree, Yasothorn Sapsathiarn
Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
Reduction of vibroacoustic effect of high-speed trains
Снижение виброакустического воздействия высокоскоростных поездов
Marina V. Butorina, N. Minina
Institute Transecoproekt, St. Petersburg, Russia
P. Ivanov
Institute Stroyproekt, St. Petersburg, Russia
A. Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Dynamic Stress Responses of Rough Pavement Resting on Layered Poroelastic Half-Space
under Moving Traffic Load
Динамические напряжения в грубошероховатом покрытии, лежащем на слоистом
пороупругом полупространстве, под движущейся транспортной нагрузкой
Gao Qian, Qian Jiangu, Gu Xiaoqiang
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
The problem of high-speed railway noise prediction and reduction
Проблема прогнозирования и снижения шума от высокоскоростных магистралей
Ivanov N.I., Boiko I.S., Shashurin A.E.
Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, St. Petersburg,
Russia
Development of a new and an explicit analytical equation that estimates the vertical dynamic
impact loads of a moving train
Dr. Niyazi Özgür Bezgin
Istanbul University, Civil Engineering Department, Avcılar Campus, 34320, Istanbul
Tel.: +90.533.663.9755. E-mail: [email protected]
One can only estimate the dynamic vertical impact loads under motion, since there are many
effective parameters some of which are unrepresented in an equation and since the values of the
considered parameters are not deterministic but estimations. Many empirical and semi-empirical
equations in the literature correlate dynamic impact loads to train speed and measurable aspects
of train and track components. These aspects frequently relate to track and train geometry and
track stiffness. However, the development of these equations relies on load and deflection
measurements from particular in-service tracks or especially set-up test tracks. The constants that
frequently appear in these equations are particular to the conditions that generated them.
Therefore, one lacks an explicit understanding of these equations unless one takes the time to
investigate in detail the particular study and the particular set of data that generated these
equations. Train speed limits also bound the applicability of these equations. This paper
concentrates on the development of an explicit mathematical equation aimed to provide an
explicit analytical estimate for the dynamic impact loads that develop on any railway track by the
axles of a moving train. This paper introduces the concept of impact reduction factor and
introduces a new equation that relies on the principle of conservation of energy and kinematic
principles along with the impact reduction factor to estimate the impact loads generated by a
moving train. The introduced equation analytically relates the dynamic impact load factor to
train speed, track stiffness and vertical irregularity development along the track horizontal
alignment.
Keywords: Train speed; track stiffness; track deformation; impact reduction factor; dynamic
impact load factor; dynamic impact load.
Measurement of surface vibration accelerations propagated in the environment
Krzysztof Robert Czech , Wojciech Gosk
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wiejska
45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Tel.: +48-604-662-660. E-mail: [email protected]
The paper presents the analysis of the influence of the method of accelerometers attachment to
the ground on the recorded level of vibration acceleration. Measurements of vibrations were
conducted using two types of accelerometers with various weights and measuring accuracy.
Accelerometers were mounted to the ground in four different methods using various mounting
bases anchored in the ground with one, three and four rods. The vibrations were generated using
Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) and recorded in longitudinal, transversal and
vertical directions at the distance of 5 and 10 m from the source of vibrations. Measurements of
vibration accelerations were carried out using 32-channel and 24-bit mobile data acquisition
system - SIEMENS LMS SCADAS Recorder, as well as a set of 18 low-frequency, seismic
piezoelectric accelerometers type 8340, manufactured by Brüel&Kjær, and two triaxial, high
sensitivity accelerometers type TLD356B18 manufactured by PCB Piezotronics. The
comparative analysis of Peak Particle Accelerations (PPA) has demonstrated that the method of
attaching of accelerometers to the ground is crucial for the credibility of measurements. The best
way of attaching transducers to the ground was shown in the paper. The resulting values of
vibration acceleration may constitute a basis for a reliable analysis of vibration in the subsoil,
which is particularly important in terms of the credibility of assessment of the impact of physical
pollution in a form of vibrations propagated in the environment on the newly designed buildings
and their future users.
Keywords: surface vibrations, subsoil, propagation of vibration, accelerometers
On vibrodynamic impact on the roadbed
Ivan S. Kozlov , Svetlana A. Rostovtseva, Mikhail I. Shmulevich
Department of Construction of road transport complex, Emperor Alexander I State Transport
University (PGUPS),190031 Moscovskiy pr., 9, St. Petersburg, Russia
Foreign language Department, Emperor Alexander I State Transport University
(PGUPS),190031 Moscovskiy pr., 9, St. Petersburg, Russia
PROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia
Tel.: +7(952)2039324; 8 - (812) 407-43-40. E-mail: [email protected]
The article presents the results of investigation of intermediate rail faste nings influence on
vibrodynamic impact transferred to roadbed soils.
Comparative analysis of oscillations in different types of fastenings revealed varying efficiency
level of TB (terminal bolted) and ARF (anchor rail fastening).
At the section, having ARF fastenings, dependencies standing for the change of an amplitude
value at the increase of passenger train speed, are a straight line; whereas at the sections with TB
fastenings dependencies for passenger trains travelling at a speed exceeding 160 km/h cease to
be straight.
The change of the level of vibrodynamic impact transferred to the roadbed soil result from both
design features of fastenings and changing stiffness of shock absorbing cushions.
Keywords: TB and ARF intermediate rail fastenings, vibrodynamic impact on the roadbed,
stiffness of shock absorbing cushions
Dynamic soil models for backcalculation of material properties from falling weight
deflectometer deflection data
Hudsadin Sirithepmontree, Yasothorn Sapsathiarn
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mahidol
University, Salaya, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
Tel.: +66-2889-2138 ext. 6396-7; fax: +66-2889-2138 ext. 6388. E-mail:
Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) test is one of the most widely used methods for in-situ
nondestructive evaluation of pavement/soil properties and examination of the structural
condition of in-service pavements. A dynamic half-space model is employed in the present work
for backcalculation of engineering soil properties from the FWD data. The advantages,
limitations and the reliability of the backcalculation elastic moduli evaluated from dynamic soil
model are discussed in this paper. Selected numerical results are presented to portray the
influence of governing parameters, for example, the presence of shallow stiff layer and the mass
density of soil material on dynamic backcalculation of the soil elastic modulus. The investigation
presented in this study provides a better understanding of dynamic backcalculation processes
which is essential for the development of dynamic backcalculation program and its applications.
Keywords: Dynamic backcalculation; nondestructive test; material properties; falling weight
deflectometer; dynamic soil models
Reduction of vibroacoustic effect of high-speed trains
M. Butorina,N. Minina, P. Ivanov,A. Petryaev
Institute Transecoproekt, Novoroschinskaya ulitsa 4 A, 196084, St. Petersburg, Russia
Institute Stroyproekt, Dunaisky Prospekt 13/2A, 196158,St. Petersburg, Russia,, e-mail:
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky Prospekt 9, 190031,
St. Petersburg, Russia, [email protected]
E-mail: mbutorina@transecoproject, [email protected], [email protected]
Increase of train speeds induces increased levels of vibration and structural noise in residential
areas. The experimental plots were laid with different types of vibration isolation at the ballast
base. It is shown that the polyurethane ballast mats are 1.9 times more effective than two layers
of geocomposite and 1.5 times more effective than the porous rubber mats. Application of ballast
mats significantly reduces vibration and noise in buildings near the railways.
Keywords: under ballast mats, damping, structure-borne noise, vibration
Dynamic Stress Responses of Rough Pavement Resting on Layered Poroelastic Half-Space
under Moving Traffic Load
Gao Qian, Qian Jiangu, Gu Xiaoqiang
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
Tel.: +86-21-65986901; fax: +86-21-65985210. E-mail: [email protected]
To investigate the influence of pavement roughness on the dynamic stresses under traffic
vehicles, a pavement resting on a layered poroelastic half-space is studied. The shape of
pavement roughness is treated as a sine function of irregularity while the vehicle is modeled as a
quarter-vehicle vibration system with two degrees of freedom (DOF). Based on the Biot’s
dynamic poroelastic theory, the time domain solutions of the homogeneous poroelastic half-
space are obtained by Fourier transforms and inverse Fourier transforms. The time domain
solutions of the layered poroelastic half-space are then presented using the transfer-matrix
method. By regarding the top layer as a thin-plate and using the Kirchhoff’s hypotheses, the
vertical displacement and stress of the thin plate are calculated. The time domain solutions of the
rigid pavement-layered poroelastic ground system are obtained based on the compatibility
condition at the interface of the pavement-ground system. The dynamic effects of the load
velocity, the wave length and the thickness of the plate are discussed, respectively. It is found
that the roughness of the top plate significantly affects the dynamic stress response in the
poroelastic layers when the vehicle velocity is below a critical value. In addition, the dynamic
impact coefficient depends on the wave length of the roughness as well as the amplitude. The
dynamic stress response caused by the roughness of pavement is evident and different from the
dynamic stress response caused by vehicle weight. This study is intended to provide potential
guidance for the design of a rigid pavement system.
Keywords: rigid pavement, roughness, layered poroelastic half-space, moving vehicle load,
dynamic stress response
The problem of high-speed railway noise prediction and reduction
Ivanov N.I., Boiko I.S., Shashurin A.E.
Baltic State Technical University “VOENMEH” named after D.F. Ustinov, 1-st
Krasnoarmeyskaya, St. Petersburg 190005, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
In view of the rapid high-speed railway transport development in the world, the question of
ecological safety of the people living in the areas adjacent to transport infrastructure networks,
including physical factors compliance, becomes crucial. The article introduces problems of high-
speed railway noise control and prediction (with train speed from 250 to 400 km\h), calculation
methods for determining high-speed train noise characteristics; comparison of the calculation
and experimental results is made. The article describes main ways of high-speed train noise
reduction, in the noise source in particular, such as installing small local noise barriers and
aerodynamic streamlining of the rolling stock and its separate elements (pantograph, etc.),
implemented in China, Japan, France, German, South Korea and other countries. The article also
considers efficiency of the main practically applied noise mitigation measures.
Keywords: high-speed train, noise prediction, noise mitigation measures.
Session 2
18 May 2017 12:15-14:00
Use of geosynthetics in railroad construction
Rail trackbed and performance testing of stabilised sub-ballast in normal and high-speed
environments
Исследование работы стабилизированного подбалластного слоя в условиях
обычного и высокоскоростного движения поездов
M Hortona, D P Connolly
b and Z Yu
b
a Tensar Internatioal Ltd, Shadworth Business Park, Blaskburn BB1 2QX , UK
bHeriot-Watt University,Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
E-mail: [email protected]
Evaluation of the Geosynthetic Reinforcement on Railroad Subgrade
Исследование армирования железнодорожного земляного полотна
геосинтетическими материалами
Erol Güler, Samad Kazemi Khosrowshahi
Bogazici University, Department of Civil Engineering , Istanbul, Turkey
Performance of ballast layer reinforced with geosynthetics in terms of heavy axle load
operation
Работа балластного слоя, армированного георешетками, в условиях движения
поездов с повышенными осевыми нагрузками
Andrei Petriaev, Anastasia Konon, Vyacheslav Solovyov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS)
Stress Response Analyses Of Ballasted Rail Tracks, Reinforced By Geosynthetics
Исследование напряжений в балласте, армированном геосинтетическими
материалами
Andrei Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
An attempt of the synthesis of recent knowledge about mechanisms involved in
stabilization function of geogrids in infrastructure constructions
Обзор сведений о механизмах стабилизации грунтов георешетками в
инфраструктурных сооружениях
Zikmund Rakowski
Cesky Tesin, Czech Republic
Vibration attenuation at rail joints through under sleeper pads
Распространение вибрации в подшпальном пространстве рельсовых стыков
Sakdirat Kaewunruenа, Akira Aikawa
b, Alex M Remennikov
c
аThe University of Birmingham, 52 Pritchatts Road, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
bRailway Technical Research Institute, Hikari-cho, Kokubunji, Tokyo, 185-8540, Japan
cUniversiy of Wollongong, Northfield Ave., Wollongong, NSW, 2502, Australia
Numerical simulation of station tracks on soft soils
Численное моделирование станционных путей на слабых грунтах
Ye. V. Fedorenko а, T.S. Vavrinyuk
а, D.Ye. Yerchenko
а, A.I. Kovalsky
b
аMiakom LLC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Medikov 5, Russia
bLengiprotransput JSC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Fontanki nab 117, Russia
Rail trackbed and performance testing of stabilised sub-ballast in normal and high-speed
environments
M Hortona, D P Connolly
b and Z Yu
b
a Tensar Internatioal Ltd, Shadworth Business Park, Blaskburn BB1 2QX , UK
bHeriot-Watt University,Edinburgh Campus, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
E-mail: [email protected]
The ability of geogrids to preserve track alignment within a high-speed rail environment at close
to critical velocity is somewhat uncertain; testing in a controlled environment can be
problematic. This paper presents the results from a new ‘true triaxial’ test apparatus that
overcomes some of these problems.
In ‘normal’-speed rail environments, geogrids have been used for many years to stabilise and
enhance the performance of sub-ballast to maintain both vertical and horizontal alignment and
increase the interval between maintenance events. This has been reflected in controlled testing
conducted in both the laboratory, in the field and under heavy loading.
To look at this issue for high-speed rail and to make comparisons between track alignment
preservation in normal and high-speed environments, a new ‘true triaxial’ test apparatus
(GeoTT) has been developed at Heriot Watt University that can subject railway sub-ballast to
forces in all 6 directions, mimicking the principle stress rotation that has been implicated in track
alignment deterioration subjected to high speed train traffic.
The use of this apparatus, where the rams are programmed using force-time histories developed
from 3D finite element models, allows sub-ballast performance to be evaluated for the fraction of
the time and cost that would be necessary for full scale testing. A comparison is made between
existing testing results from ‘normal-speed’ testing and the new high speed simulations that
indicate the continued potential for geogrids to continue to aid track performance in much more
critical environments.
Keywords: Rail; high speed;sub-ballast;true-traixial;stress rotation; stabilisation, geogrid
Evaluation of the Geosynthetic Reinforcement on Railroad Subgrade
Erol Güler, Samad Kazemi Khosrowshahi
Bogazici University, Department of Civil Engineering , Istanbul-Bebek 34342, Turkey
Tel.: +90-212-359-6452-6406-6423; fax: +90-212-287-2457
E-mail: [email protected]
In recent decades the use of high speed trains increased and it is necessary to consider the
demand of High Speed Rail Lines (HSRL) on the infrastructure. Comparing with the
conventional rail lines, HSRL can potentially cause greater vibrations which can impact the
ballast and foundation layers negatively. This paper aims to investigate how a geosynthetic
reinforcement layer may affect the fundamental properties of the railroad subgrade such as the
static and cyclic shear strength, sub-ballast layer thickness, and vibration properties. Conducting
an experimental program, the shear strengths of the various unreinforced and reinforced soil
samples were determined by use of the Simple Shear Test and then, a certain percent of the shear
strengths were used as the cyclic loads in the Cyclic Simple Shear Tests. It is shown that the
inclusion of geosynthetic in sub-ballast layer improves its strength properties. The results
approve that the reinforced layers by geosynthetics have more resistance against static and cyclic
loads. It is also observed that the reinforcement has a remarkable effect on the reduction of
settlement. The results also reveal that the reinforced samples by G1 and G2 have higher cyclic
shear strength while G3 is more effective under static loads but has no remarkable influence
under cyclic loads. As a result it can be said that the cyclic behavior cannot be modelled by just
conducting a static test.
Keywords: high speed rail, sub-ballast, soil reinforcement, geosynthetics
Performance of ballast layer reinforced with geosynthetics in terms of heavy axle load operation
Andrei Petriaev, Anastasia Konon, Vyacheslav Solovyov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-952-235-8079. E-mail: [email protected]
Nowadays requirements for strength and stability of railway subgrade are increased. It is due to
raising of train speed and axle load. Some sections of subgrade that were previously considered
stable do not satisfy safety requirements. In this regard, superstructure reinforcing solutions need
to be developed.
This paper highlights ballast and subgrade reinforcement applications of geogrids in railway
infrastructure. In recent years, geosynthetics are widely used for this purpose. Geosynthetics
influence on the stress-strain state of subgrade is an important and extremely urgent problem.
The paper describes recent research efforts in field studies, which helped to identify
geosynthetics reinforcement influence on ballast layer.
Keywords: heavy axle load trains , geosynthetics, ballast, geogrids, railway track.
Stress Response Analyses Of Ballasted Rail Tracks, Reinforced By Geosynthetics
Andrei Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-952-235-8079. E-mail: [email protected]
This paper highlights recent field studies at Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport
University, which helped quantify the geosynthetics reinforcement performance in railway
ballast. For this purpose, the laboratory of engineering-geological surveys was used to create
calibrated load on the railway track. The experimental results indicate that the geosynthetics
inclusions have improved track stability directly after it repairs and track doesn't change their
properties during the time.
Keywords: geosynsethics, ballast deformation, railway track, geogrids, axis load.
An attempt of the synthesis of recent knowledge about mechanisms involved in stabilization
function of geogrids in infrastructure constructions
Zikmund Rakowski
Bezručova 10, Cesky Tesin,73701, Czech Republic
E-mail: [email protected]
Geogrids are involved in stabilization projects worldwide for around three decades already. The
function has been called for quite a long time as the reinforcement of subbase, base or ballast
according to the application. Only recent observations both from laboratories and field prove
that it is not the strength which is the factor controlling this function but that certain stiffening
of granular material by interlocking is the most important one. The paper describes the
mechanism of stabilisation function of geogrids and defines basic influencing properties. The
impact of such an approach on theoretical studies and practical applications is described.
Keywords: geogrids, stabilisation function, granular material, interlocking
Vibration attenuation at rail joints through under sleeper pads
Sakdirat Kaewunruenа, Akira Aikawa
b, Alex M Remennikov
c
аThe University of Birmingham, 52 Pritchatts Road, Birmingham, B152TT, UK
bRailway Technical Research Institute, Hikari-cho, Kokubunji, Tokyo, 185-8540, Japan
cUniversiy of Wollongong, Northfield Ave., Wollongong, NSW, 2502, Australia
Tel.: +44 (0) 1214 142 670; fax: +44 (0) 121 414 3675. E-mail: [email protected]
Modern railway tracks require electrification to power the trains and signaling systems to detect
near real-time location of trains on railway networks. Such systems require the rail to carry and
return the residual electricity back to substation, while enable signals to transfer within a track
circuit. This track circuit requires rail joints to divide and insulate each loop of the circuit. Such
the rail joints often generate impact transient dynamics to track systems. This paper presents the
filed investigation into the vibration attenuation characteristic of under sleeper pads (USPs),
which are the component installed under the concrete sleepers generally to improve railway track
resilience. The field trial is aimed at mitigating rail joint impacts in a heavy haul track under
mixed traffics. ‘Big Data’, obtained from both the track inspection vehicle and the sensors
installed on tracks, demonstrate that track surface quality (top) of the section was improved after
the track reconstruction. Fourier analysis results showed that the track surface (or vertical
deviation) tends to deform at larger displacement amplitude and resonates at a lower wavelength
of track roughness. Interestingly, the operational pass-by vibration measurements show that the
USPs has resulted in an increased vibration of both rail and sleeper with USPs. Although the
studies have found that the sleepers with USPs tend to have lesser flexures, the field data also
confirms that a railway track with USPs could experience a large amplitude vibration, especially
when excited by a high-frequency impact force. These dynamic behaviours imply that the use of
soft to moderate USP could potentially induce dilation of ballast whilst the use of hard USP may
reduce sleeper-ballast friction. In the end, these could then weaken lateral track stability over
time.
Keywords: vibration attenuation; rail joints; under sleeper pads; track components; railway
infrastructure; impact dynamics, suppression; lateral track stability; ballast dilation
Numerical simulation of station tracks on soft soils
Ye. V. Fedorenko , T.S. Vavrinyuk, D.Ye. Yerchenko, A.I. Kovalsky
Miakom LLC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Medikov 5, Russia
Lengiprotransput JSC, 197341 St.-Petersburg, Fontanki nab 117, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-952-58-09. E-mail: [email protected]
The article presents the results of computing simulation of station tracks on soft soils represented
by post-glacial clay sediments. As stabilizing measures, the article considers the dumping of a
pilot berm with the determination of the holding time for each layer according to the criterion of
the stability factor and base strengthening with a high-strength woven geotextile. An analysis has
been conducted with respect to laboratory and field tests, the parameters have been selected for
soil models, and virtual laboratory tests have been performed with a view to verify the
repeatability of the models. When performing calculations in the Plaxis software package, Soft
Soil soil models have been used with the behavior type Undrained A.
Keywords: Factor of safety (FS), Plaxis, SoilTest, Soft Soil model; woven geotextile,
geosynthetic materials.
Session 3
18 May 2017 12:15-14:00
Geoecoprotective materials, structures and technologies for transportation
Climate Change Adaptation for GeoRisks Mitigation of Railway Turnout Systems
Применение изменения климата для снижения георисков железнодорожных
стрелочных переводов
Serdar Dindar а, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
а , Joseph M. Sussman
b
а School of Civil Engineering,The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, USA
Transportation Structures And Constructions With Geoecoprotective Properties
Транспортные сооружения и конструкции с геоэкозащитными свойствами
Antonina Sakharova, Marina Baidarashvili, Andrei Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
The use of oil-contaminated crushed stone screenings in construction ceramics
Использование отсева нефтезагрязненного балластного щебня в строительной
керамике
L. L. Maslennikova, M. S. Abu-Khasan, N.А. Babak
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
Minimization of negative impact from solid waste landfills with use of mineral geoantidotes
Минимизация негативного воздействия от полигонов твердых бытовых отходов с
использованием минеральных геоантидотов
M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, N.N. Efimova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
Soling, Aerating and Phosphating for Soil Strengthening and Detoxication
Золирование, аэрирование и фосфатирование для упрочнения и очистки грунта
Larisa Svatovskaya, Alexander Kabanov, Maxim Sychov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
The Modern Structure For Storm Sewage Purification Of Roads
Современное сооружение для очистки ливневых сточных вод автомобильных дорог
Marina Baidarashvili, Antonina Sakharova, Andrei Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
Transport Construction Negative Impact on the Environment
Оценка негативного воздействия транспортного строительства на окружающую
среду
Natalia A. Babаk
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Climate Change Adaptation for GeoRisks Mitigation of Railway Turnout Systems
Serdar Dindar а, Sakdirat Kaewunruen
а , Joseph M. Sussman
b
а School of Civil Engineering,The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
bDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Cambridge, USA
Tel.: +44 (0) 121 414 2670; fax: +44 (0) 121 414 3675.
E-mail: [email protected]
To enhance rail operational flexibility, railway turnouts are special track systems, which are
designed to divert or change a train from a particular direction or a particular track onto other
directions or other tracks. In reality, the railway turnout is commonly built on complex track
geometry and graded terrain, which makes it one of the most unique and critical railway
infrastructures. The physical constraints and complexity of turnout systems cause various risks
and uncertainty in rail operations. This study critically analyses emerging geotechnical risks on
turnout systems considering all aspects that can potentially result in impaired reliability,
availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of the turnout systems. The annual derailment
incidents have been evaluated to identify emerging risk factors. Not only do these incidents yield
operational downtime and financial losses, but they also give rise to the casualties and sometimes
the loss of lives across the world. In particular, the climate change risks on geotechnical aspects
of the turnout systems have been highlighted. This paper thus presents how turnout components
work as a system, the diversity of emerging risks considering natural hazards and global
warming potential to the system. In addition, it highlights the climate change adaptation
strategies for georisk mitigation of the railway turnout systems in order to improve RAMS of the
railway turnouts and crossings, focusing on trackbed failures on the systems.
Keywords: natural hazards; bayesian network; railway turnout; switch and crossing; trackbed
failures.
Transportation Structures And Constructions With Geoecoprotective Properties
Antonina Sakharova, Marina Baidarashvili, Andrei Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-904-643-2110. E-mail: [email protected]
In this article the authors examine the construction wastes using autoclave foam concrete, silicate
brick and an artificial mineral substance such as cement clinker as an example. Studies have
shown that these materials have geoecoprotective properties and they can neutralize heavy metal
ions. Therefore the authors suggest applying these materials in geoecoprotective technologies of
transport construction to reduce environment pollution. The aim of this research is in agreement
with the principles of sustainable development.
Keywords: geoecoprotective materials, heavy metals ions, construction wastes, railway transport,
geosynthetic materials
The use of oil-contaminated crushed stone screenings in construction ceramics
L. L. Maslennikova, M. S. Abu-Khasan, N.А. Babak
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, 190031, 9 Moskovsky pr.,
Russia
Tel.:+7 (921) 346-98-81; E-mail: [email protected]
The article deals with the problem of disposing of oil-contaminated ballast screening, resulting in
the repair and replacement of railroad tracks, in particular, the use of secondary aggregates.
Secondary screening of crushed stone with grain size less than 5 mm contains up to 8% oil. The
study of this fraction on phase and granules metric composition and physical and mechanical
properties allowed the authors to recommend it as leaner for the construction of ceramics with
improved performance characteristics. This solution gives the opportunity to improve the physic-
mechanical properties of ceramic bricks and also save non-renewable resources, in the form of
natural gas and sand, which has a positive impact on the environment. Thus, when using
screening of ballast crushed stone in building ceramics production, reducing the amount of waste
exempt land under landfills, and manufactured construction materials of improved quality.
Keywords: oil-contaminated ballast gravel, ceramic bricks
Minimization of negative impact from solid waste landfills with use of mineral geoantidotes
M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, N.N. Efimova
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Peterburg 190031, 9 Moskovsky pr.,
Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The relevance of the work is due not only to a large number of Solid domestic waste and the
negative impact of landfills on the environment, but also to the lack of new sites for landfills.
Such ground allocates drains with ions of heavy metals. Ions of heavy metals are dangerous to
the environment. They are called supertoksikant. The aim of the study is to examine the
sulfoaluminate nature substances and their ability to absorb heavy metal ions in order to apply at
landfills. Results: sulfoaluminate nature substances ability was found to absorb heavy metal ions.
Substances of the sulfoalyuminatny nature are a part of concrete. They interact with solutions of
ions of heavy metals and transfer them to an insoluble state. Such process is safe for a
lithosphere.
Keywords: landfills, solid domestic waste, geoecoprotective, cleaning effect
Soling, Aerating and Phosphating for Soil Strengthening and Detoxication
Larisa Svatovskaya, Alexander Kabanov, Maxim Sychov
Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7 (911) 919-54-84. E-mail: [email protected].
The article presents 3 new methods of soil simultaneous strengthening and detoxicating. The
methods are based on using hydrate complexes obtained by means of silica sol, foam concrete
and phosphates. 3 technologies are suggested after silica sol, foam concrete and phosphates. The
new technologies are named soling, aerating and phosphating. The level of soil strengthening is
from 0,2 MPa for aerating and soling and more than 3 MPa for phosphating. The point of
detoxication is to obtain heavy metal ion silicates and phosphates with very low solubility
product. The level of detoxication is more than 1000 TC (tolerable concentration, mg/g).
Keywords: soling, aerating, phosphating, detoxicating, strengthening
The Modern Structure For Storm Sewage Purification Of Roads
Marina Baidarashvili, Antonina Sakharova , Andrei Petriaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-904-643-2110. E-mail: [email protected]
A new type of local sewage treatment plant for storm sewage control from road pavement is
considered in the article. Storm sewage chemical composition is presented. It shows that
concentrations of some pollutants significantly exceed maximum allowable concentration, from
2 to 19 times. It is proposed to use local sewage treatment plant to solve this geoecological
problem. This structure consists of geoecoprotective materials, gabions and geosynthetics. There
are figures and schemes of proposed structure.
Keywords: sewage treatment plant, storm sewage, road, gabion, geoecoprotective materials.
Transport Construction Negative Impact on the Environment
Natalia A. Babаk
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +79062446878. E-mail: [email protected]
In the article the estimation of negative influence of transport building on environment is offered.
Geoecological indicators of this estimation are developed. The negative impact on the
environment must take into account all life cycle stages of the research object (product, design,
activities); limitations in the use of the object (if a negative impact on the environment
irreversible during exploitation); the list of environmental/biological objects that may be exposed
to danger due to specific; the ability to reduce the negative impacts after preventive measures.
The technologies of utilization of waste in the manufacturing of ceramics are developed to
decrease the negative impact at all stages of the construction activity.
Key words: the negative impact, the environment, transport construction
Session 4
18 May 2017 14:15-16:00
Problems of noise and vibration
Modeling the dynamic behavior of the upper structure of the railway track
Моделирование динамического поведения верхнего строения пути
Alexey A.Lokteva, Vadim V. Korolev
a, Irina V. Shishkina
a, Dmitrii A. Basovsky
b
aMoscow State University of Railway Emperor Nicholas II (МIIT), Moscow, 125993, Russia
bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, 190031,
Russia
Ensuring environmental safety during the construction and operation of tunnels in
residential areas
Обеспечение экологической безопасности при строительстве и эксплуатации
тоннелей в селитебных зонах
L.V. Ryzhovaab
, T.S. Titovaa, S.G. Gendler
bc
aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., St. Petersburg, Russia
bNIPII Lenmetrogiprotrans, 2 Bolshaya Moskovskaya st., St. Petersburg, Russia
cSaint- Petersburg Mining University, 2 21 Line of Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg, Russia
The impact on people and facilities of air flow caused by high-speed train traffic
Воздействие на объекты инфраструктуры железнодорожного пути при движении
высокоскоростного поезда
Djabbarov S.T.
Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Oscillation Of Combined Strut-Framed Systems Of Buildings And Structures In
Conditions Of Vibration Subgrade
Колебания комбинированных систем шпренгельного типа зданий и сооружений в
условиях вибрации грунтового основания
V.V. Egorov, A.N. Sudakov
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
The Impact of Work of Hydraulic Compactor Type V8 from MTS on the Level of
Vibrations Propagated to the Environment
Влияние работы гидравлического катка типа V8 на уровень вибрации,
распространяющейся в окружающей среде
Krzysztof Robert Czech, Wojciech Gosk
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok,
Poland
Methods of noise and vibration protection on urban rail transport
Методы защиты от шума и вибрации на городском рельсовом транспорте
E.P. Dudkin, L.A. Andreeva, N.N. Sultanov
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Modeling the dynamic behavior of the upper structure of the railway track
Alexey A.Lokteva, Vadim V. Korolev
a, Irina V. Shishkina
a, Dmitrii A. Basovsky
b
aMoscow State University of Railway Emperor Nicholas II (МIIT), Moscow, 125993, Russia
bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, 190031,
Russia
Tel.: +7-909-994-14-44,+7-916-126-84-18, +7-916-646-45-78, +7-960-234-61-82
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
The present work is devoted to modeling the behavior of railway track under dynamic load of
wheel pair in view of elastic, viscoelastic and elastic-plastic properties of the area of interaction
between two solids and elastic anisotropic properties of the subgrade, which differ in three main
areas: along the rails along the sleepers and vertically downwards. The wave equation railway
tracks suggest that the deformation and the permanent way and the mound itself is the field of
interaction of bodies takes place in view of the spread of a finite speed of the wave surfaces. The
solution methods used methods of asymptotic expansions in the time and space coordinate, the
method of matching the expansions obtained for short times in the contact zone and outside it.
Keywords: dynamic interaction, the condition of compatibility, railway embankment,
engineering-geological factors, dynamic sag.
Ensuring environmental safety during the construction and operation of tunnels in residential
areas
L.V. Ryzhovaab
, T.S. Titovaa, S.G. Gendler
bc
aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., St. Petersburg, Russia
bNIPII Lenmetrogiprotrans, 2 Bolshaya Moskovskaya st., St. Petersburg, Russia
cSaint- Petersburg Mining University, 2 21 Line of Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-189-4212; fax: +7-921-189-4212. E-mail: [email protected]
In recent years the rate of construction of transport tunnels and metro tunnels has increased in
Russia. The geography of their facilities covers almost the entire territory of our country,
including megalopolises with dence building system.
The construction and operation of all types of tunnels are associated with the negative impact of
technological processes on the environment.
This article describes the differences of negative impact features of the tunnel construction
comparing to the impact from construction of facilities on the surface. The factors affecting the
level of negative impact are shown. Some results of environmental impact assessment and
ecological monitoring are given.
Keywords: tunnel, environmental, negative impact, mining and environmental monitoring
The impact on people and facilities of air flow caused by high-speed train traffic
Djabbarov S.T.
Tashkent Institute of Railway Transport Engineers, Adylkhodzhayev St., 1, Tashkent,
Uzbekistan, 100167, Uzbekistan
Tel.: +998 90 185 29 34; fax: +99371 293 57 54
E-mail: [email protected]
Railway track and people are near the moving train experiencing airflow pressure arising from
the movement of high-speed trains, the amount of which depends on the speed of air flow. The
distribution of airflow from simulations speed train movements of the axisymmetric body in a
variety of forms of the head and the tail section. The train is considered as a unit, consisting of
axially symmetric bodies. The research results allow you to set the speed of the distribution area
of the air flow, the minimum safe distance finding people near a passing train and requirements
for physical and mechanical properties of the individual components.
Keywords: high-speed train traffic, airflow, airflow velocity zone, distribution of airflow.
Oscillation Of Combined Strut-Framed Systems Of Buildings And Structures In Conditions Of
Vibration Subgrade
V.V. Egorov, A.N. Sudakov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moscovsky pr. 9,
190031, St. Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7-904-337-2940. E-mail: [email protected]
The article considers the interaction of prestressed load-bearing strut-framed systems for
buildings and constructions, which is exposed to the influence of vibrodynamic loads from
moving vehicles.
The mechanical and mathematical models of calculation and software for their implementation
were designed taking into account the constructive and geometric nonlinearity of the considered
structures, that appears the process of oscillations. The conditions under which the subgrade
vibration impacts significantly affects the stress-strain state of the considered structures were
determined. Authors identified and analyzed the special properties of prestressed strut-framed
systems, that appear in these conditions. Recommendations on calculation and design are given.
Keywords: prestressed load-bearing strut-framed systems, vibration, subgrade, structural
nonlinearity, geometric nonlinearity.
The Impact of Work of Hydraulic Compactor Type V8 from MTS on the Level of Vibrations
Propagated to the Environment
Krzysztof Robert Czech, Wojciech Gosk
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wiejska
45E Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Tel.: +48-604-662-660. E-mail: [email protected]
Ground vibrations generated during compaction activities in close proximity to residential
buildings may cause disturbance to people, or even, in some cases damage the buildings. For this
reason, it is very important to possess credible information about levels of vibrations generated
by different compaction devices. Site compaction works are usually conducted with the use of
plate compactors. This study investigates ground vibrations developed by a new generation of
rig-mounted hydraulic compactor type V8 from MTS, in the immediate vicinity of a low-rise
residential building, located in Ksiezyno, Poland. The research has been conducted at one
measurement point, located on an exterior load-bearing wall of the building, and at three
measurement points located on the ground at distances 2.5-7.5 m from the building. Compaction
works were carried out in two locations at distances 10 m and 15 m from the building, and at
three depths: 0.4 m, 1.2 m and 1.9-2.0 m. Measurements of vibration accelerations were carried
out using 24-bit LAN-XI data acquisition hardware from Brüel&Kjær, as well as with a set of
three low-frequency, seismic piezoelectric accelerometers type 8340 also manufactured by
Brüel&Kjær and nine low-frequency piezoelectric accelerometers type 3187D from Dytran. In
the course of measurements of the ground acceleration sensors were fixed to mounting bases,
secured in the ground by a three-point anchor. In each measurement point data acquisition was
carried out in three mutually perpendicular directions. The study analyses the distribution of
vibration accelerations in a function of the distance of compactor from the building, the depth of
compaction works, as well as the mode of work of hydraulic compactor type V8 manufactured
by MTS.
The analysis is carried out independently for each of the measurement directions (x, y, z). The
results presented in the paper can be used to predict approximate safe distance applied in
performing the construction activities with the use of this type of compactors.
Keywords: compaction; hydraulic compactor; measurement of vibrations; propagation of
vibrations in the subsoil
Methods of noise and vibration protection on urban rail transport
E.P. Dudkin, L.A. Andreeva, N.N. Sultanov
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9,
Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Closed Joint-Stock Company PROMTRANSNIIPROJECT , Vernadsky avenue POB 38;29,
Moscow, Russia
Tel.: +7(921)575-42-76; +7(812)407-43-40; fax: +7(812)315-26-21.
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
The article is devoted to existing and new methods of reducing the impact of urban rail transport
on the environment. Different ways of reducing noise and vibration are analyzed: isolation of
tram tracks upper structure, examines the different ways to isolate the upper structure of the tram
tracks, capability and effectiveness Of lubrication application in the curved track and switches,
the use of welded rail strings in combination with temperature compensators. The results are
given of theoretical, laboratory and experimental investigations of physical – mechanical,
structural and economic characteristics and indicators of tramways with different insulation
systems.
Keywords: railroad profiles, damping mats, lubricate, the noise and vibration.
Session 5
18 May 2017 14:15-16:00
Use of geosynthetics in road construction
The Performance of Geotextile Materials Used for Filtration and Separation in Different
Structures as an Important Part of Geotextiles Requirements
Необходимость учета в требованиях к геотекстильным материалам, применяемым в
качестве фильтра или разделительного слоя, особенностей их работы в различных
сооружениях
V. I. Shtykov, L. S. Blazhko, A. B. Ponomarev
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Saint Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Evaluation of effectiveness of separating layers in railroad track structure using life cycle
cost analysis
Оценка эффективности разделительных слоев железнодорожного пути на основании
анализа стоимости жизненного цикла
Vladimir Beltiukov, Eugeny Shehtman, Oleg Malikov
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Saint Petersburg, Russia
Evaluation of load transfer in geogrids for base stabilization using transparent soil
Оценка передачи нагрузки на георешетку для стабилизации основания
Xin Peng, Jorge G. Zornberg
Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
Effect of Reinforcement on Multi-Tiered Fly Ash Wall
Эффект от армирования многоступенчатой стены из золы уноса
Ankita Kumar, J. N. Mandal
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
Selected laboratory research on geogrid impact on stabilization of unbound aggregate layer
Результаты лабораторных исследований воздействия георешетки на стабилизацию
слоя несвязного грунта
Marcin Grygiereka, Jacek Kawalec
b
aSilesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100
Gliwice, Poland bTensar International, Slezská 1435/8; 737 01 Český Těšín, Czech Republic
Mechanical stabilization of intermediate granular layers in pavement structures –
laboratory study
Механическая стабилизация промежуточных зернистых слоев грунта в консрукциях
покрытий – лабораторное исследование
Leoš Horníčeka, Zikmund Rakowski
b
aCzech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, Prague, 166
29, Czech Republic bBezrucova 10,7370, Czech Republic
The Performance of Geotextile Materials Used for Filtration and Separation in Different
Structures as an Important Part of Geotextiles Requirements
V. I. Shtykov, L. S. Blazhko, A. B. Ponomarev
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moskovskiy prospect, 9, Saint
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Currently, a water discharge coefficient as an important feature of geotextile materials that
affects their filtration capacity in a frozen condition is not included in the geotextiles material
specifications. The higher the water discharge coefficient of geotextile materials is, the less ice
they contain when frozen. The necessary requirements and corresponding mathematical relations
for choosing the appropriate geotextile materials are presented in this study. Geotextile materials
used as separating layers in a railway formation should meet the same requirement.
The effective diameter of the geotextile material pores (cells) was obtained by sieving through it
the fine-grained quartz sand of pre-determined grain-size composition. Nevertheless, as
microscopic research showed, particles produced due to the ballast abrasion and bridging
(colmating) of the geotextile material have a plate-like shape. Consequently, the curve of their
granulometric composition differs from that of the quartz sand.
Based on the experimental data, the criteria for the required mathematically calculated filtration
flow diameter have been established to ensure that geotextile materials are not colmated during
their designed life span. The theoretical, field and laboratory research conducted permitted to
formulate the propositions on making amendments to the requirements and their modification
boundaries depending on the area of geotextile materials application.
Keywords: geotextile; water discharge coefficient; colmating particles; drainage; frozen soils
Evaluation of effectiveness of separating layers in railroad track structure using life cycle cost
analysis
Vladimir Beltiukov, Eugeny Shehtman, Oleg Malikov
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Railway track
department, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9 Moskovsky pr., Russian Federation
Tel. +7 (950) 042-3753. Tel.fax: +7 (812) 436-9231.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
This article deals with the problem of evaluation of effectiveness for separating layers in railway
track structure. The statistical analysis of railway track characteristics in this study was carried
out for sections of railways with separating layers in track structure and without such layers.
Evaluation of effectiveness was done by means of life cycle cost calculation and failure rate
prediction, using the life cycle model based on reliability analysis.
Parameters of trends between intensity of failure accumulation and operating time of track
structure (in years or tons) were calculated on the basis of railway infrastructure automated
system database. Source data for calculations are characteristics of operational condition,
features of track construction, values of failure rate, statistics on track geometry and maintenance
of way works, performed on railroad section. Values of failure rate were calculated using the life
cycle model based on reliability analysis. This model describes changes of railway track
technical condition for all periods of its life cycle: period of infant mortality, useful life period
and wear out period.
As a result, values of economic effect for separating layers in different operation conditions are
given.
Keywords: railway track structure, separating layers, life-cycle costs analysis, effectiveness
evaluation
Evaluation of load transfer in geogrids for base stabilization using transparent soil
Xin Peng, Jorge G. Zornberg
Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, the University of Texas at
Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C1700, Austin, Texas, 78712-0273, USA
Tel.: +1-512-232-3595; fax: +1-512-471-6548. E-mail: [email protected]
The design of roadways with geosynthetic-stabilized base layers requires proper evaluation of
the load-transfer mechanisms between soil particles and geosynthetics. In the case of geogrid
reinforcements, the resistances mobilized on rib elements are key factors that determine the
mechanical responses for both: (1) the ultimate pullout strength; and (2) the in-plane stiffness.
Geogrids with different aperture shapes have rib elements along different orientations, and
different rib orientations could generate different load transfer mechanisms. In this study, a new
experimental testing program using transparent soil was conducted to visualize the load transfer
of geogrids with different aperture shapes (e.g. rectangular, triangular). Specifically, small-scale
soil-geosynthetic interaction tests were conducted using high-definition cameras. Consequently,
image-processing techniques were used to obtain the displacements and deformations of geogrid
specimens from digital images. The soil-geogrid interaction behaviors for geogrid specimens
with different aperture shapes were evaluated and compared. Overall, multiple mechanisms for
load transfer between soil and geogrids with different geometric characteristics could be
characterized and quantified using new techniques involving transparent soil and digital image
analysis.
Keywords: geosynthetics; geogrid; transparent soil; stabilization; load transfer; image analysis
Effect of Reinforcement on Multi-Tiered Fly Ash Wall
Ankita Kumar, J. N. Mandal
Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
Tel.: +91-7738706493; fax: +91-022-2576-7302. E-mail: [email protected]
Fly ash is a by-product formed by the burning of coal in thermal power plants. In India, the
generation of fly ash in the year 2014 to 2015 was 184.14 million tons. However, only 55.69% of
the total fly ash was utilized. The disposal of fly ash is a major environmental concern. The
present study aims at utilizing fly ash as backfill for the wall in a tiered configuration. A multi-
tiered wall is a soil wall constructed in tiered configuration by providing offset at different
elevations of the wall. The behaviour of multi-tiered wall is essentially affected by the critical
offset distance which can be defined as the length of the offset beyond which the tiers of the
multi-tiered fly ash wall start behaving as individual walls and there is limited interaction
between the two tiers. There are very few studies on multi-tiered walls investigated by using
laboratory model tests. Also, the studies of the behaviour of tiered walls utilizing industrial waste
such as fly ash are limited. In the present study, laboratory model tests were conducted utilizing
fly ash as backfill material and jute geotextile as reinforcement under strip loading. The two-
tiered wall was modelled and the offset distance was varied as 0, 0.2L, 0.4L and 0.6L, where L is
defined as the height of lower tier. The length of reinforcement was taken as 0.7H where H is the
total height of the wall. Unreinforced and reinforced models were tested to determine critical
offset distance, the effect of offset distance and reinforcement on different parameters governing
the design of the tiered wall. From the observed failure pattern of model tests, it was found that
inclusion of reinforcement increases the critical offset distance. The critical offset distance was
found to be 0.4 times the height of lower tier for the unreinforced model and 0.6 times the height
of lower tier for the reinforced model. The inclusion of reinforcement also reduces the horizontal
wall facia displacement. Decrease in wall facia displacement was also observed with increase in
the offset distance.
Keywords: Tiered wall; Fly ash; Geosynthetic reinforced wall; Critical Offset Distance; Jute
Geotextile
Selected laboratory research on geogrid impact on stabilization of unbound aggregate layer
Marcin Grygiereka, Jacek Kawalec
b
aSilesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100
Gliwice, Poland bTensar International, Slezská 1435/8; 737 01 Český Těšín, Czech Republic
Tel.: +48-601-472-174; fax: +48-32-326-10-95. E-mail: [email protected]
The influence of geogrid on aggregate layer has been tested by number of research organizations
across the globe since early 80-ties of XX century. Test were carried out in laboratories and in
field. The paper discuss selected laboratory tests important for stabilization function as well as
describes recent laboratory research influence of geogrid for stabilization of aggregate layer in
pavement. Laboratory part of the research was focused on interaction between grid and
aggregate. Part of model tests carried out in box include calibration of measurement unit for
future test in real trafficked pavement.
Keywords: stabilisation by geogrid; unbound aggregate; confinement; stiffness; interlock
Mechanical stabilization of intermediate granular layers in pavement structures – laboratory
study
Leoš Horníčeka, Zikmund Rakowski
b
aCzech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Thakurova 7, Prague, 166
29, Czech Republic bBezrucova 10,7370, Czech Republic
Tel.: +420-224-354-754; fax: +420-224-355-460.
E-mail: [email protected]
A laboratory study aimed at the influence of a stiff geogrid placed on the intermediate granular
layer between a cracked concrete base and the top asphalt layer was carried out. Five physical
models 2x1x0.8m in size have been studied under cycling loading up to 2 million cycles. The
paper describes the application of the crack propagation barrier with various layer thicknesses.
The asphalt surface settlement, the movement of concrete panels and visual control of crack
propagation was monitored during the loading of each model construction. After the loading
termination, cylindrical cores were taken passing through the asphalt layer and the asphalt
surface relief was evaluated. The achieved results were mutually compared and the optimal
composition of layers was identified. Mechanical interlocking has been proven as the ruling
mechanism of the stabilisation function and prevention of reflective cracking.
Keywords: geogrid; mechanical stabilisation; interlocking; asphalt; reflective cracking
Session 6
18 May 2017 14:15-16:00
Geoecoprotective materials, structures and constructures for transportation
Geoecoprotective properties of binders for transport systems
Геоэкозащитные свойства вяжущих для транспортных систем
L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, A.B. Bobrovnik
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Use of waste from aluminothermic welding of railroad tracks in structural materials
science
Использование отходов алюмотермитной сварки рельсов в строительном
материаловедении
L. L. Maslennikova, I.A. Naginskii, A. N. Troshev
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Oil products absorbing properties of foam concretes
Поглотительные свойства нефтепродуктов пенобетонами
M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, M. Yu. Savelyeva
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Geoecoprotective technology of transport construction using silica sol absorption method
Геоэкозащитная технология строительства дорог с использованием метода
поглощения кремнезоля
Larisa Svatovskaya, Oleg Urov, Alexander Kabanov
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Criteria Of Geoecoprotection In Construction
Критерии геоэкозащитности в транспортном строительстве
Marina Baydarashvili
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Detection Method Of Pollution With Heavy Metals Ions Of The Soil
Геоэкоинформационные технологии на транспорте
M. Baydarashvili, N. Shrednik, A. Spasovskaia
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Geoecoprotective properties of binders for transport systems
L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, A.B. Bobrovnik
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7(812) 310-17-25. E-mail: [email protected]
The article deals with geoecoprotective properties of a sulfatcalcuim system in relation to heavy
metal ions. The article presents the research results of determining an optimum contact time of
sulfatcalcium products with model solutions. The results of geoecoprotective capacity of
sulfatcalcium nature products depend on surface area and weight.
Keywords: ions, heavy metals, geoecoprotective properties, capacity
Use of waste from aluminothermic welding of railroad tracks in structural materials science.
L. L. Maslennikova, I.A. Naginskii, A. N. Troshev
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University. 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9
Moskovsky pr. Russia.
E-mail: [email protected]
The article discusses the possibility of using mineral waste from the aluminothermical rail
welding in the form of waste refractory forms, and slag in construction materials in the
preparation of ceramic, refractory and cement containing materials. The article provides optimal
compositions using crushed and ground mineral waste and physic-mechanical studies of the
obtained construction materials. For the study of the waste phase composition and structure of
synthesized materials powder x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and electron
microscopy were used.
Keywords: mineral wastes, the aluminothermic welding of rails, building materials
Oil products absorbing properties of foam concretes
M. V. Shershneva, E. I. Makarova, M. Yu. Savelyeva
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint Peterburg 190031,9 Moskovsky pr.,
Russia
Tel.: +7(812) 310-17-25. E-mail: [email protected]
Construction pollutes the environment. One of types of pollution is oil products. They pollute the
hydrosphere and a lithosphere. Oil products are hazardous to health of the person. For a solution
in work it is offered to use porous materials. Their structure provides the absorbing property oil
products. The oil products absorbing by means of the foam concrete articles are shown in the
paper. The new parameter of such kind of the properties is named. Parameters of the
geoecoprotective technology on their base are shown. Two technologies have been used for the
geoecoprotective purposes such as preventive and sterilizative ones.
Keywords: articals, building, prevention, segregation, oil products
Geoecoprotective technology of transport construction using silica sol absorption method
Larisa Svatovskaya, Oleg Urov, Alexander Kabanov
Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St. Petersburg,
190031, Russia
Tel.: +7 (911) 919-54-84. E-mail: [email protected].
The article presents geoecoprotective technology of property improvement. The technology of
silica sol absorption used with transport concrete articles is an as example of such a technology.
The point of the technology is increasing properties of concrete by forming new calcium silicate
hydrates in the pores and capillaries of a concrete stone. This new method was named
lithosynthesis. It starts from the surface of a concrete article used in road construction. Technical
properties and durability of road construction articles were improved. Low temperature
resistance, crack resistance and constructive quality coefficient were studied. As a result of
property improvement it is possible to reduce raw material consumption.
Keywords: absorption, silica sol, construction, properties
Criteria Of Geoecoprotection In Construction
Marina Baydarashvili
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Questions of geoecological assessment of technology solutions in construction are considered in
article. Technology solutions become geoecoprotective if they correspond to particular criteria
which are defined by the author. There are four criteria such as minimization of an expense of
non-renewable energy, preservation and (or) restitution of quality of the natural and technogenic
environment, preservation of natural resources, and minimization of waste formation. These
criteria are quantitatively expressed through the corresponding indexes. Intervals of values of
indexes are calculated. Construction technologies are geoecoprotective within these values.
Thus, criteria of geoecodefense are criteria which allow to estimate technology solutions in
construction from the point of view of their influence on an environment.
Keywords: criteria, indexes, non-renewable energy, quality, preservation of natural resources.
Detection Method Of Pollution With Heavy Metals Ions Of The Soil
M. Baydarashvili, N. Shrednik, A. Spasovskaia
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The results of researches which allowed to develop a detection method of pollution with heavy
metals ions (HMI) of the soil are presented in article. This method is based on use of properties
of construction systems of the hydrosilicate nature as geoecoindicators. Technological
parameters and limits of the method applicability in transport construction are presented. The
chromatic scale is offered. It reflects dependence of color of the geoecoindicator by nature and
concentration of a pollutant (HMI) in the soil. Thus, the developed method allows obtaining
information on HMI pollution of the soil according to which it will be possible to give an
assessment of a geoecological situation in this territory.
Keywords: heavy metals ions, building systems, geoecoindicator, geoecoindicator chromatic
scale.
Session 7
18 May 2017 16:15-17:45
Soil dynamics
Crushing of non-cohesive soil grains under dynamic loading
Дробление частиц несвязного грунта под динамической нагрузкой
Marek A. Patakiewicza, Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska
b
aGEOTOR Company of Geotechnical Service, 03-320 Warsaw, Poland
bBialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Design characteristics of road structure reinforced with cell geosynthetic materials with
account of dynamic load impact
Расчетные характеристики дорожной конструкции армированной ячеистыми
геосинтетическими материалами с учетом динамического воздействия
автотранспорта
P. V. Ivanova, N.N. Belyaev
a, A.V. Petryaev
b
aInstitute Stroyproekt, Dunaisky Prospekt 13/2A, St. Petersburg, Russia, 196158
bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky Prospekt 9, St.
Petersburg, Russia 190031
Deformation properties of decomposed peat under vibration and dynamic load impact
Деформативные свойства разложившегося торфа под действием вибродинамической
нагрузки
Kolos A.F. a, Ryzhov V.S.
a, Shmulevich M. I.
b, Akkerman G.L.
c
aEmperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9
Moskovsky pr., Russia. bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia.
cUral State University of Railway Transport, Kolmagorova 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Compaction of the railway embankments during the new highspeed lines construction
Уплотнение железнодорожных насыпей при строительстве новых
высокоскоростных магистралей
Anatoly I. Kistanov
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Assessment of varve clays sensitivity to natural structure disturbance
Оценка чувствительности ленточных глин к нарушению природного сложения
Klemyatsionok P.L. a, Kolmogorova S.S.
a, Kolmogorov S.G.
b
aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
bSaint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Crushing of non-cohesive soil grains under dynamic loading
Marek A. Patakiewicza, Katarzyna Zabielska-Adamska
b
aGEOTOR Company of Geotechnical Service, 03-320 Warsaw, Poland
bBialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
Tel.: +48 787 995 969. E-mail: [email protected]
Dynamic impact loading may cause gradual crushing of soil grains, especially when soil grains
are characterised by weak strength or when the geologic history of the soil has influenced on
material fatigue. The aim of the work is to identify the soil crushability during dynamic
compaction, as well as the effect of a gradual grain crumbling on changes of the maximum dry
density and the uniformity coefficient. All tests were performed for genetically different non-
cohesive soils from various Polish areas. In Pleistocene river sands and in the sea sands –
repeated compaction does not improve the coefficient of uniformity and does not result in
significant changes in the maximum dry density. In the river sands from Holocene alluvial
deposits, multiple compaction causes a significant increase in value of ρd max. In glaciofluvial
sands and gravel multiple compaction increases the maximum dry density and uniformity
coefficient of compacted soil. The monomineralic soils was characterised by values of CU < 3.0,
and the polymineralic soils – by values of CU ≥ 3.0.
Keywords: soil grain crushing, dynamic loading; non-cohesive soil; mineral composition; soil
origin
Design characteristics of road structure reinforced with cell geosynthetic materials with account
of dynamic load impact
P. V. Ivanova, N.N. Belyaev
a, A.V. Petryaev
b
aInstitute Stroyproekt, Dunaisky Prospekt 13/2A, St. Petersburg, Russia, 196158
bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky Prospekt 9, St.
Petersburg, Russia 190031
Tel.: +7 (812) 331 0500 ext. 1637, +7 (921) 957 2472 fax +7(812) 331 0505.
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Modern highways are exposed to intensive transport loads, which require strengthening of the
road structure and considering the dynamic load action on design characteristics of materials.
The studies define quantitative changes of strength and strain characteristics of the road structure
materials depending on amplitude of oscillations under dynamic loads. Subject to the road
structure design and materials used, the strength of soil subgrade, for example, can decrease
under vibration by 20-30% as compared to the design value defined without taking the vibration
factor into account. The use of cell geosynthetic materials in the road structure allows improving
its stress strain behaviour within the range of 5 % - 15 %. To that end, layers of less stiff material
should not be placed above stiff layers reinforced with cell geosynthetic materials.
Keywords: cell geosynthetic materials, dynamic load, strength, deformability, oscillation
amplitude
Deformation properties of decomposed peat under vibration and dynamic load impact
Kolos A.F. a, Ryzhov V.S.
a, Shmulevich M. I.
b, Akkerman G.L.
c
aEmperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9
Moskovsky pr., Russia. bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia.
cUral State University of Railway Transport, Kolmagorova 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Tel.: +7-911-090-67-78. E-mail: [email protected]
Deformation of embankments built on marshy territories is mainly displayed by slowly
increasing residual settlements and significant elastic settlements. These cause intensive wear of
fastening elements and prove the definitive role of peat used as foundation material in the
reliable performance of railway track in general. Investigation of peat physical and deformation
characteristics were conducted on samples having undisturbed structure. The result of
experiments were obtained the following dependencies: E(W) – dependence of aggregate
deformation modulus on natural moisture level; E(ρd) – dependence of aggregate deformation
modulus on porosity. Analysis of the obtained data allows to draw a conclusion, that peat
porosity growth at low values of moisture leads to significant reduction of deformation modulus.
It is also worth mentioning that the impact of vibration and dynamic loading increases this
reduction even further. The described findings emphasize the importance of taking into
consideration vibration and dynamic loads when calculating settlements in railway embankments
built on peat foundations.
Keywords: subgrade, weave, embankment, roadbed, peat, amplitude, acceleration, deformation,
vibrodynamic, stabilometer
Compaction of the railway embankments during the new highspeed lines construction
Anatoly I. Kistanov
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7 (812) 457 81 75. E-mail: [email protected]
The Technical Regulations acting at present time on the highspeed lines construction has severe
requirements to the quality of the railway embankments construction. They have to be practically
without settlement and work at the stage of the elastic deformations. The purpose of this
investigation is to study the process of soils compaction under repeated loads applications, which
should have the amplitude- frequencies parameters such as produced by the highspeed running
trains. Therefore, a special dynamic triaxial test apparatus was used for the laboratory
investigation. The major features of this apparatus were to simulate the wave forms of the
vibrations initiated by passing trains. The equipment and experimental procedure are described
herein, as well as main results of testings. The first part of the report devoted to the theoretical
substantiation of the possibility of the railway embankments construction without settlements. In
the second part, the dynamic triaxial tests of the clay soils initially subjected to the elastic
compression are described. The character of the void ratio changing during the dynamic elastic
compression as compared with the static compression as well as the strength of the soils
changing are shown. As the results, the method of compaction of the embankments to be applied
during the new highspeed railroads construction is proposed.
Keywords: compaction; elastic compression curve; dynamic triaxial tests; modelling; penetration
tests; vibration spectrum; method of compaction; compaction equipment.
Assessment of varve clays sensitivity to natural structure disturbance
Klemyatsionok P.L. a, Kolmogorova S.S.
a, Kolmogorov S.G.
b
aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky ave., St. Petersburg, 190031,
Russia bSaint-Petersburg State Agrarian University, 2, sh. Petersburg, Pushkin, Saint-Petersburg,
196601, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-312-25-74. E-mail: [email protected]
The article deals with the problem of sensitivity of varve clays to disturbance of natural
structure. Soil sensitivity can be determined by any method, enabling to make soil tests in the
conditions of natural and disturbed structure. The testing method, the kind of the applied impact
and the kind of deformations caused by this impact will influence assessment of sensitivity.
While assessing clay soils sensitivity the case of varve clays shows the necessity to use different
methods. Applied to a number of tests the article introduces the term of sensitivity range for the
soil of a particular genetic type.
Keywords: sensitivity; varve clays; range sensitivity
Session 9 18 May 2017 16:15-17:45
Geoecoprotective materials, structures and constructures for transportation
Unified multimodal transport center – a tool for the development of the environmental
geology of transport
Единый центр мультимодальных перевозок − инструмент развития геоэкологии
транспорта
Menukhova Tatiana Anatol'yevna, Egorov Sergey Viktorovich
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21 line, 2, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
Geoecoprotective technologies of storage of used wooden sleepers
Геоэкозащитные технологии хранения старогодных деревянных шпал
L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, M. Yu. Savelyeva
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St. Petersburg, Russia
A Method Of Obtaining Geonoiseprotective Foam Concrete For Use On Railway
Transport
Метод получения геошумозащитного пенобетона с целью использования на
железнодорожном транспорте
Anastasia Sychovaa, Maxim Sychov
b, Ekaterina Rusanova
c
aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, St.Petersburg, Russia
bSt. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), St.Petersburg, Russia
cEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia
The Increase Of The Durability And Geoprotective Properties Of The Railway Subgrade
Повышение долговечности и геозащитных свойств железнодорожного земляного
полотна
Anastasia Sychovaa, Andrey Solomahin
a, Anatoly Hitrov
b
aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, , St.Petersburg, Russia
bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), St.Petersburg, Russia
Creation of favourable water – physical properties of drill cuttings with the use of
coagulants
Создание благоприятных водно – физических свойств бурового шлама с
использованием коагулянтов
L.N.Skipin, V.S. Petuhova , E.A. Romanenko
625025, Tyumen, Volodarsky 38, Russia, [email protected]
Unified multimodal transport center – a tool for the development of the environmental geology
of transport
Menukhova Tatiana Anatol'yevna, Egorov Sergey Viktorovich
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21 line, 2, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-583-2018. E-mail: [email protected]
The article covers the problem of oversaturation of the road space by traffic flows which are
inappropriate all too often. Organization of effective transportation is a challenge for small
discrete companies with a limited vehicle stock, and the incoming customer flow is chaotic to
some extent. No centralized and economically viable distribution of demands by contractors’
resources is performed for the time being. For the purpose of the development of the
environmental geology of transport it is proposed to organize a unified multimodal transport
center which would receive information on requests for transportation of goods. The objective of
such a center includes generation of a data base of carriers’ resources represented in real time,
evaluation of a carrier’s rating against a number of criteria, organization of transportation
according to the most efficient scheme with application of multi-objective problem algorithms.
The article contains algorithms built in the center functioning system which provide an
opportunity to take decisions automatically, which would minimize the probability of human
factor errors. Establishment of such a center will make it possible to distribute orders taking into
account the geographical location of cargo-generating points and the positioning of vehicles,
enhance the efficiency of vehicle stock operation, optimize traffic flows, reduce congestion of
major roads by way of withdrawal of ineffectively used vehicle stock from the roads, redirect
traffic flows bypassing major towns.
Keywords: multimodal transport, transport, environmental geology, efficiency, planning.
Geoecoprotective technologies of storage of used wooden sleepers
L. B. Svatovskaya, M. V. Shershneva, M. Yu. Savelyeva
Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7(812) 310-17-25
E-mail: [email protected]
The article deals with the negative impact of organic pollution of used wooden sleepers. The
research offers geoecoconstruction to protect the environment from such influence. It is shown
that such a construction can be made in the form of a porous screen. Design sizes are calculated
taking into account the geoecoprotective properties of porous material. Geoecological reliability
coefficient is calculated for the geoecoprotective screen.
Keywords: porous screen, geoecoprotective propesties, storage
A Method Of Obtaining Geonoiseprotective Foam Concrete For Use On Railway Transport
Anastasia Sychovaa, Maxim Sychov
b, Ekaterina Rusanova
c
aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, Zhdanovskaya st.13, St.Petersburg,
197198, Russia bSt. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovsky pr.26,
St.Petersburg, 190013, Russia cEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr.9,
St.Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-857-22-17. E-mail: [email protected]
The article presents the method of production of foam concrete, as a geonoiseprotective material.
Its ability to absorb acoustic energy due to porous structure, composition and thickness of foam
films is taken into account. Besides that the energy-absorbing ability of the solid phases of the
stone frame is taken into consideration. The possibility of using this foam concrete as a material
for reducing noise from the railway transport movement is shown. Also, the method takes into
account geoprotective properties of the material concerning the pollution from railway transport.
Keywords: geonoiseprotective foam concrete, acoustic energy, railway transport
The Increase Of The Durability And Geoprotective Properties Of The Railway Subgrade
Anastasia Sychovaa, Andrey Solomahin
a, Anatoly Hitrov
b
aMilitary Space Academy named after A.F.Mozhaisky, Zhdanovskaya st.13, St.Petersburg,
197198, Russia bEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr.9,
St.Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-857-22-17. E-mail: [email protected]
In the article it is proposed to use polymer-cement foam concrete of normal hardening as one of
the layers in order to increase durability and geoprotective of a roadbed. High energy-absorbing
properties of the material will help to dissipate the stresses occurring during the passage of heavy
transport. The premature failure of the railway embankment will be prevented and overhaul
interval increasing. Low coefficient of thermal conductivity and water absorption of the porous
layer give the whole construction higher frost resistance, and make it lighter. Levels of the
material pores of different size allow it to absorb the pollution from railway transport, providing
geoprotective properties.
Keywords: polymer-cement foam concrete, geoprotective properties, energy absorption
properties, frost resistance.
Creation of favourable water – physical properties of drill cuttings with the use of coagulants
L.N.Skipin, V.S. Petuhova , E.A. Romanenko
625025, Tyumen, Volodarsky 38, Russia, [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
The negative physical properties of drilling cuttings are caused generally by the presence of large
amounts of exchangeable sodium. Its sources are boring solutions with the use of caustic and
soda ash and also the saline rocks extracted in the process of drilling. Drilling cuttings have lack
of structure and swelling in the wet state, adhesiveness, low water mobility, reduced air
exchange, a high hydrophylicity, lack of filtration capacity. In addition to these physical
properties drilling cuttings are characterized by a number of the negative chemical properties, in
particular, a high alkalinity and the presence of easily soluble toxic salts of sodium, the lack of
exchangeable calcium and magnesium. The following properties make absolutely impossible the
use of drilling cuttings in road construction, and also taking into acoount their restoration.
Application of a number of natural coagulants such as (gypsum, diatomite, quicklime, etc.) And
the waste of the industrial activity (a phosphogypsum, carnallite, sludge formed during the
purification of the surface and underground water) radically improves physical properties of
drilling sludge and provides multiple increase in filtration capacity.
Keywords: drill cuttings or drilling sludge, coagulants, exchangeable sodium, caustic and soda
ash.
Session 10
19 May 2017 9:00-10:45
Problems of railway ballast and ballastless track upper structure
Full - scale study of stress-strain state of ballastless upper structure construction of rail
way in terms of train dynamic load
Натурные исследование напряженно-деформированного состояния безбалластной
конструкции верхнего строения железнодорожного пути при динамическом поездном
воздействии
A.F. Kolos, T.M. Petrova, A.O.Makhonina
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Change of ballast strength properties during particles abrasive wear
Изменение прочностных свойств щебеночного балласта в процессе абразивного
износа его частиц
Alexey Kolos, Anastasia Konon, Pavel Chistyakov
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Experimental study of stoneblowing track surfacing technique
Лабораторные исследования технологии выправки шпал пневматическим суфляжем
Alexander Abrashitov, Artem Semak
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II, Moscow Russia
Control over transverse shifts of rail sleeper lattice which impact on deformation of ballast
layer
Контроль за поперечными сдвигами рельсо-шпальной решетки, влияющими на
деформативность балластного слоя
G.L. Akkerman, M. A. Skutina
Ural State University of Railway Transport, Ekaterinburg, Russia
The service life of ballastless track
Срок службы безбалластного пути
A.V. Savin
Joint Stock Company Railway Research Institute (JSC "VNIIZhT"), Russia
Account of irregularity in the stress distribution along wood and concrete sleepers from a
perspective of granular media mechanics
Учет неравномерности распределения напряжений вдоль деревянной и
железобетонной шпал с позиции механики зернистых сред
A.V. Moshenzhal
Miakom SPb LLC, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Enhancement of subgrade’s bearing capacity in low water permeable (clay) soils
Увеличение несущей способности земляного полотна в слабоводопроницаемых
грунтах
Ludmila S. Blazhko, Valerii I. Shtykov, Evgenii V. Chernyaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
The Development Of A High Performance Material For A Ballast Layer Of A Railway
Track
Создание высокоэффективного материала для балластного слоя железнодорожного
полотна
Valery Kondratov, Valentina Solovyova, Irina Stepanova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Subgrade Strengthening on the Sections for Cars Interchanging with Axle Load of 25 T
and More
Повышение прочности земляного полотна на участках обращения вагонов с
осевыми нагрузками 25 т и более
Ashpiz E.S., Zamukhovskiy A.V.
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II (MIIT), Moscow,
Russia
Full - scale study of stress-strain state of ballastless upper structure construction of rail way in
terms of train dynamic load
A.F. Kolos, T.M. Petrova, A.O.Makhonina
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, 190031, Saint Petersburg, 9
Moskovsky pr., Russia
Tel.: +7-921-564-04-86. E-mail: [email protected]
This article is about the ballastless upper structure track operation in Russia. The Rheda 2000
construction was laid at the experimental section of railway track. The problem of cracking was
founded while using this construction. In order to determine the railway track stress-strain
condition with terms of train dynamic load the experiments were carried out by using of strain
gauges.
The experts got the following results: the cracks appeared at the main plate in the locations of the
fixed maximum tensile stress. Furthermore, the rolling-stock speed grows up with increasing of
vertical and longitudinal voltage on the primary site of the linear dependence.
Keywords: ballastless construction, track structure, RHEDA 2000, cracking, trial operation
Change of ballast strength properties during particles abrasive wear
Alexey Kolos, Anastasia Konon, Pavel Chistyakov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation
Materials and Structures Test Center, JSC RZD, Rybinskaya str., 4, St. Petersburg, 192007,
Russian Federation
Tel.: +7-921-795-5857. E-mail: [email protected]
The paper describes cohesion and friction angle research results of new granite railway ballast. It
was found out that crushed stone abrasion degree increase leads to ballast cohesion decrease and
has not effect on ballast friction angle. Authors determined that strength properties of new and
reclaimed ballast mixtures depend on initial abrasion degree significantly. When using a mixture
of 70% reclaimed and 30% new ballast it becomes possible to provide mixture ballast strength
properties closely approximated to requirements for new ballast.
Keywords: strength properties; crushed stone; ballast; abrasion degree
Experimental study of stoneblowing track surfacing technique
Alexander Abrashitov, Artem Semak
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II, Moscow Russia
E-mail: [email protected].
Ballast is known to be one of the most widely used materials for railtrack construction.
Although ballast is comprised of crushed hard stones, it undergoes gradual and continual
degradation under cyclic rail loading and requires constant maintenance. Due to the limitations
of the commonly used ballast tamping technique for recovering railway track geometry, other
technical solutions are currently being considered. Stoneblowing is an alternative technique of
track level adjustment, that is defined as injection of the premeasured amount of small fresh
stones with pressurized air under the sleepers, lifted to a desired level. This technique has been
reported to lack most of the known disadvantages of tamping. However, postmaintenance
behavior of ballast was found to be sensitive to the procedure aspects, thus further investigations
in controlled laboratory conditions are required. This paper is focused on measurement and
analysis of ballast settlement under cyclic loads after reinstating of a railway track with
stoneblowing. Experimental results show that usage of stoneblowing leads to a predictable level
of settlement, which remains constant even after a large number of loading cycles. Moreover, we
propose a two-step stoneblowing technique and provide experimental evidence that this approach
is more effective for reinstating the railway track than a conventional single step approach.
Keywords:stoneblowing; dynamic load; laboratory tests; settlement
Control over transverse shifts of rail sleeper lattice which impact on deformation of ballast layer
G.L. Akkerman, M. A. Skutina
Ural State University of Railway Transport, Kolmagorova 66, Ekaterinburg, Russia
Tel.: +7-912-043-9058. E-mail: [email protected]
The main problem in article is influence of warping continuous welded railway track and
transverse shifts of rail-sleeper lattice. Transverse shifts of rail-sleeper lattice lead to defects of
railway track geometry, caused by lateral movement of ballast. It leads to ballast layers stability
loss and it has negative influence on safety of railway traffic. Incessant control of thermally
stressed state of continuous welded railway track is necessary, especially warping control of
continuous welded railway track, because it is important factor to stability of ballast layer and
stability of railway track. Baliza is a device providing control of transverse stability of railway
track, which influence on the deformation of ballast layer. Baliza allows to define speed and
acceleration of longitudinal thermal mechanical stress variation. In article, one can see
measurement and parameter calculation method. This method is based on the measurement and
comparison of existing thermal mechanical stresses and calculated mechanical stresses in each
point of the rail strings. The article describes a method to control warping continuous welded
railway track and transverse shifts of the rail-sleeper lattice that directly impact stability of the
ballast layer.
Keywords: Ballast layer deformation; the stress; warping continuous welded railway track;
baliza.
The service life of ballastless track
A.V. Savin
Joint Stock Company Railway Research Institute (JSC "VNIIZhT"), Russia
Tel.: +7-499-260-41-36; fax: +7-495-602-80-30.
E-mail: [email protected]
Before the widespread use of high-speed rail ballastless track needs to be tested in real
conditions at high speed and small axial load. Experimental railway track of "VNIIZhT" makes it
possible to carry out tests at high axial load, low speed but that does not fully meet the real fields
of application of ballastless track. To resolve this contradiction it proposed to apply the
methodology of forecasting resource of ballastless track under real operating conditions basing
on the results of tests on an experimental ring using mathematical modeling.
The proposed algorithm and methodology allow applying results of observation of degradation
of tested ballastless track design on the Test Loop (Scherbinka railway station) to the network
section where laying of any ballastless track design for mixed traffic is planned.
In the longer term this methodology will give opportunity to take into account changes of
operational factors on a section, including impact of increase of axle load or train speed on
durability of track design.
Keywords: Ballastless way, high-speed movement, a mathematical model, life path.
Account of irregularity in the stress distribution along wood and concrete sleepers from a
perspective of granular media mechanics
A.V. Moshenzhal
Miakom SPb LLC, ul. Professora Popova, 4, St. Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation
Tel.: +7-911-102-36-17. E-mail: [email protected]
The article shows a method aimed at taking into account the irregularity in the distribution of
stresses along wooden and reinforced concrete ties transferred to the ballast body. Based on the
comparison of the theoretical values of stresses and the values of stresses actually measured in an
experimental way, a conclusion has been made as to the viability of the present method
implemented on the base of the mechanics of granular media.
Keywords: shear resistance; granular media mechanics; granular media; irregularity in the
vertical load distribution; subgrade
Enhancement of subgrade’s bearing capacity in low water permeable (clay) soils
Ludmila S. Blazhko, Valerii I. Shtykov, Evgenii V. Chernyaev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, 190031,
Russia
Tel.:+7-905-275-28-73; fax: +7-812-457-81-74
E-mail: [email protected]
Today’s level of vibrodynamic loads performed by rolling stock should be compensated for new
technical solutions in railway track construction, which ensure the minimum increase of
permanent deformation during exploitation. The article presents the theoretically grounded
solution for reduction of intensity of permanent deformation accumulation in low water
permeable (clay) soils the bearing capacity of which is significantly changed during their
excessive moisturising. The effective dewatering of such soils may be feasible when using “a
coarse-grained drainage”. The authors demonstrate constructions of “coarse-grained drainages”
and requirements for their calculations.
Keywords: Low water permeable (clay) soils, “coarse-grained drainage”, tensions.
The Development Of A High Performance Material For A Ballast Layer Of A Railway Track
Valery Kondratov, Valentina Solovyova , Irina Stepanova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-353-0507; fax: +7-812-457-8644.
E-mail: [email protected]
A ballast layer – an element of the railway superstructure – ensures its vertical and horizontal
stability under the effect of train loads and changing temperatures. Crushed aggregate is used as
a base material for a ballast layer according to the standard technical documentation.
The purpose of the study is to improve ballast layer operational characteristics, to prevent the
ballast from incrustation and moisture, to eliminate stones rolling out from a ballast bed and to
reduce track maintenance works.
In order to solve these problems we propose a high performance polymer cement material
modified by organic mineral composition containing nanoparticles [4].
The developed material is characterized by higher elasticity and crack resistance. It does not lose
its properties under train loads. Besides it is resistant to chemical materials (oils, lubricants,
acids) and is not failed when it is used in a temperature range from +50°C to –60°C.
Keywords: ballast layer, polymer cement material, strength, durability.
Subgrade Strengthening on the Sections for Cars Interchanging with Axle Load of 25 T and
More
Ashpiz E.S., Zamukhovskiy A.V.
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II (MIIT), st.
Obraztsova, 9, p. 9, Moscow, 127994, Russia
Tel.: +7-916-623-77-84; fax: +7-495-691-19-13.
E-mail: [email protected]
The article deals with the problem of strengthening of the subgrade located on the sections that
have the interchange of cars with the axle load of 25 tons and more.
The issues of the subgrade behaviour were studied on the example of the Eastern test site with
regard to geotechnical and permafrost conditions for the construction and maintenance of
subgrade.
The main directions to the subgrade strengthening are referred to the following:
1) Strengthening of the top of subgrade;
2) Providing the stability of the sloping parts of subgrade;
3) Providing the carrying capacity of the weak, including thawing, roadbeds.
Keywords: high axial loads, strengthening of the subgrade, thawing roadbeds.
Session 11
19 May 2017 9:00-10:45
Geotechnical problems in cold regions
Apparatus for Strengthening Soft Water-Saturated Soils by Freezing under Engineering
Objects and Structures in Cold Regions
Устройство для укрепления слабых влагонасыщенных грунтов путем их
замораживания под инженерными объектами и сооружениями в северной
климатической зоне
V.I. Moiseeva, N.K. Vasiliev
b , T.A. Komarova
с, O.A. Komarova
с
aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, St Petersburg, Russia
bJSC The B.E.Vedenev VNIIG, St Petersburg, Russia
сScientific center DISIST, St Petersburg, Russia
Functional Loss Risks of highways in Permafrost Areas Due to Climate Change
Риски потери функциональности линейных объектов транспортной
инфраструктуры в зоне вечной мерзлоты в связи с изменениями климата
Trofimenko Y.V., Evgenev G.I., Shashina E.V.
Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Moscow,
Russia
Experimental estimation of permeability of freeze-thawed soils in artificial ground freezing
Экспериментальная оценка водопроницаемости мерзлых и талых грунтов при
искусственном замораживании
Go Hirose, Yuzuru Ito
Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa-shi 572-0074, Osaka, Japan
Remediation of contaminated fine-grained soil by freezing and ion exchange effect
Улучшение загрязненного мелкозернистого грунта за счёт замораживания и эффекта
ионного обмена
Takuto Inoue, Yuzuru Ito , Hideo Sakabe
Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa-shi 572-0074, Osaka, Japan
Kansai Geo and Environment Research Center, 1-3-3 Higasibeppu, Settu-shi 566-0074, Osaka,
Japan
The construction of transport infrastructure on permafrost soils
Обеспечение устойчивости зданий и сооружений в условиях вечномерзлых грунтов
Vladimir M. Ulitsky, Elena V. Gorodnova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Problems and technologies of offshore permafrost investigation
Проблемы и технологии исследований мерзлых грунтов шельфа
Andrei S.Lokteva , Mikhail Y.Tokarev
b, Eugeny M.Chuvilin
c
aMarine Research Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
bLomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
cSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
Calculations of thermal stabilization of transport embankments and their bases
Расчетное обеспечение термостабилизации оснований насыпей транспортных
сооружений
Vladimir N. Paramonova, Igor I. Sakharov
b
aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., Saint
Petersburg, 190031, Russia bSt. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2 Krasnoarmeyskaya str.,
Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia
A Case Study of a Cut Slope Failure Influenced by Snowmelt and Rainfall
Анализ случая обрушения откоса под влиянием осадков
Akira Moria, Srikrishna Siva Subramanian
a, Tatsuya Ishikawa
a, Masahiro Komatsu
b
aHokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
bEast Nippon Expressway company, Hokkaido branch, Ohyachi Nishi 5, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo,
Japan
Apparatus for Strengthening Soft Water-Saturated Soils by Freezing under Engineering Objects
and Structures in Cold Regions
V.I. Moiseeva, N.K. Vasiliev
b , T.A. Komarova
с, O.A. Komarova
с
aEmperor Alexander I State Transport University, St Petersburg, Russia
bJSC The B.E.Vedenev VNIIG, St Petersburg, Russia
сScientific center DISIST, St Petersburg, Russia
Tel.:+7-812-493-9308; fax:+7-812-493-9381. E-mail: [email protected]
The paper is devoted to the construction of various earth and engineering structures being
operated on soft soils in the northern regions of Russia with a pronounced continental climate
and a lot of wetlands.
The problem of year-round cooling of water-saturated soil to freezing temperatures in order to
convert it into a frozen state of permafrost is considered. To convert the soil into a frozen state of
permafrost and keep the state all year around, including the summer period, the new soil cooling
apparatus has been developed. The apparatus is economical; it has no moving parts and can
operate for a long time without involving any staff.
Keywords: strengthening of soils; freezing; thermopiles
Functional Loss Risks of highways in Permafrost Areas Due to Climate Change
Trofimenko Y.V., Evgenev G.I., Shashina E.V.
Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI), Leningradskij
avenue, 64, Moscow, 125319, Russia
Tel.: +7-499-155-0729; fax: +7-499-155-0729.
E-mail: [email protected]
The article gives the analysis of functioning of highways, which are exposed to the destruction
risks caused by climate change in the territories of the Arctic zone and the location of
permafrost, original methods for preserving transport infrastructure facilities survival are
proposed. Methods for quantitative risk assessment of natural hazards for transport
infrastructure, adaptation measures in road construction to possible climate change are discussed.
The technology of self-adjusting soils stabilization using vapor-liquid seasonal cooling devices
immersed inside screw piles is proposed for improving the reliability of pile-elevated road
structures.
Keywords: permafrost; climate change; highway; risk assessment, technology of self-adjusting
soils stabilization
Experimental estimation of permeability of freeze-thawed soils in artificial ground freezing
Go Hirose, Yuzuru Ito
Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa-shi 572-0074, Osaka, Japan
Tel.: +81-72-839-9701; fax: +81-72-838-6599. E-mail: [email protected]
Permeability increase of freeze-thawed soil is a well-known phenomenon. Many of researches
have been conducted to clarify the mechanism of permeability of freeze-thawed soils and to
estimate it with simple 1-D freeze-thaw test systems. However, it was quite doubtful whether
permeability of freeze-thawed soils of AGF could be estimated directly from such a simple 1-D
test.
Purpose of this study is to propose an estimation procedure of permeability of freeze-thawed soil
after artificial ground freezing work. Two types of experiments were conducted for this purpose.
One was the 1-D freeze-thaw permeability test in which all of the freezing, loading and
permeability measurements were conducted for vertical direction. The other was the horizontal
displacement restrained horizontal freeze-thaw vertical permeability test (H test) in which
freezing was conducted for horizontal direction while the loading and permeability
measurements were for vertical. From these tests, two sets of permeability of freeze-thawed soils
were obtained directly by a falling head permeability test. Moreover, water content distribution
of the specimens were measured and converted into void ratio. Permeability of freeze-thawed
soil of the H test was estimated based on void ratio distribution of the specimen and the
relationship between permeability and void ratio from the 1-D test. Finally, the estimated and
measured permeability were compared.
Test results revealed that the permeability at H test can be estimated from the distribution of void
ratio and that from the 1-D test, while two sets of permeability of freeze-thawed soils greatly
differ from each other. It is considered that permeability increase of freeze-thawed soils is caused
by deflection of void ratio distribution generated after freeze-thaw and the void ratio grows
greater in the colder side and lower in the warmer side. As the result, overall permeability of
freeze-thawed soils at H test became greater than that of the 1-D test.
Keywords: Permeability; Void ratio; Freeze-thaw test; Frost heave; Equivalent permeability
Remediation of contaminated fine-grained soil by freezing and ion exchange effect
Takuto Inoue, Yuzuru Ito , Hideo Sakabe
Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda Nakamachi, Neyagawa-shi 572-0074, Osaka, Japan
Kansai Geo and Environment Research Center, 1-3-3 Higasibeppu, Settu-shi 566-0074, Osaka,
Japan
Tel.: +81-72-839-9701 fax: +81-72-838-6599. E-mail: [email protected]
It is extremely difficult to remediate contaminated fine-grained soils by the conventional
methods. However, the use of freeze-thaw was proposed for this purpose. This method utilizes
the ice segregation phenomena in a frost susceptible soil. Soluble contaminants in the pore
structure in a soil can be removed easily by the method than by the conventional method.
However, it is extremely difficult to remove adsorbed contaminants on soil’s surface even by this
method. In order to overcome this problem and improve the method, ion-exchange reaction was
proposed. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the combined effect of freeze-thaw and
ion-exchange for remediation of fine-grained soil.
A series of freeze-thaw tests were conducted to remove natural potassium ions from Kizuchi clay
by changing freezing conditions such as temperature gradient, freezing speed, type of freezing
and the number of repetition of freeze-thaw. As for washing agent, pure water, 0.37 and 0.10
mol/L of ammonium acetate solutions were compared. The test specimen was frozen from the
bottom side to top direction while washing agent was supplied from the top side. The specimen
was thawed almost instantly and the drainage was taken from the bottom side of the specimen to
measure potassium level. Furthermore, the distribution of potassium concentration was measured
in the freeze-thawed specimen. The potassium concentration was obtained by atomic absorption
spectrometry.
Conclusions are as follows; (1) Ammonium acetate solution was effective to remove natural
potassium in the freeze-thaw process but pure water was not. (2) Level of potassium
concentration in the drainage increased with the repetition of freeze-thaw. (3) Remediation
efficiency was increased with greater temperature gradient, slower freezing speed and increased
number of repetition.
Keywords: Soil contamination; Washing technology; Fine-grained soil; Frost heave
phenomenon; Ion-exchange reaction
The construction of transport infrastructure on permafrost soils
Vladimir M. Ulitsky, Elena V. Gorodnova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, the Chair “Soils and
Foundations”, 9 Moskovsky pr., Saint Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-339-8174; fax: +7-812-314-9013. E-mail: [email protected]
The issues associated with freezing and thawing of soils in the subsoil of a complex of port
facilities including transport infrastructure have been considered. The solution of thermal-
physical problems of freezing, frost heave and thawing of soils has been made in spatial domain;
the results of calculations are compared with the practical values. Numerical simulation of the
problem of stability of structures on permafrost soils allowed predicting a possible soil thawing
depth in time and optimizing the use of modern thermal insulation materials. The proposed
calculation methods will provide reducing cost of development of transport infrastructure and
port facilities under construction in the important northern regions of Russia.
Keywords: Railroad bed; soil freezing and thawing; permafrost soil; freezing boundary; transport
infrastructure; numerical modeling
Problems and technologies of offshore permafrost investigation
Andrei S.Lokteva , Mikhail Y.Tokarev
b, Eugeny M.Chuvilin
c
aMarine Research Center of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
bLomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
cSkolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
Tel.: +007 911 3024593. E-mail: [email protected]
The article describes the state of the art methods and technics of soil investigation in specific
Arctic offshore areas. Underwater sediments can be frozen and hazardous for various offshore
constructions, particularly, for marine pipelines, platforms and near-shore terminals. Sub-bottom
permafrost is an object of special investigation and technologies. The zone is currently exposed
to severe climate and was chilled for a long time in the past. Reliable thickness of offshore
permafrost is up to 100m according to direct methods. Both top and bottom permafrost are
hardly detectable offshore. Special knowledge and good experience are indispensable even to
recognize its location and extent.
Standard methods are not always applicable for its recognition, that is why more sophisticated
technique is required. Combination of integrated approaches is the only way to detect marine
permafrost and characterize its properties and location.
Keywords: permafrost, Arctic offshore, in-situ testing, geohazard
Calculations of thermal stabilization of transport embankments and their bases
Vladimir N. Paramonova, Igor I. Sakharov
b
aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky pr., Saint
Petersburg, 190031, Russia bSt. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2 Krasnoarmeyskaya str.,
Saint Petersburg, 190005, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-405-0138; fax: +7-812-314-9013.
E-mail: [email protected]
During the construction of roads and railways in permafrost conditions methods of stabilization
of soils using Thermosyphons have become very popular. In the design of such systems only an
estimate of temperature field in the soil is carried out. At the same time it have been noted that
the freezing of thawed soil is accompanied by the processes of frost heaving. There is a definite
interest in the use of inclined and horizontal thermosyphons. In the article the examples of the
calculations of changes of temperature fields and the stress-strain state of the embankment and
its base in the annual cycle with the use of inclined thermosyphons are presented. The known
program «Termoground» developed with the participation of the authors was used for the
calculations. It is suggested that in the design of thermal stabilization of soil the calculations only
of change of temperature fields in the soil are insufficient. It is also necessary the forecast of the
deformations of heaving and thawing.
Keywords: thermosyphon, frost heaving, stress-strain state
A Case Study of a Cut Slope Failure Influenced by Snowmelt and Rainfall
Akira Mori, Srikrishna Siva Subramanian, Tatsuya Ishikawa, Masahiro Komatsu
Professor, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-
8628, Japan.
East Nippon Expressway company, Hokkaido branch, Ohyachi Nishi 5, Atsubetsu-ku, Sapporo
004-8512, Japan
Tel.: +81-011-706-6203; fax: +81-011-706-6203.
E-mail: [email protected]
In cold regions, frequent incidents of soil slope failures occur due to snowmelt and rainfall.
These failures are triggered by an increase in the degree of saturation of soil due to infiltration of
water derived from rainfall and snowmelt. This study investigates a soil slope failure occurred on
November 27, 2015 at a cut slope of an expressway in Hokkaido, Japan. The soil slope failure is
investigated using a recommended stability assessment approach considering non-isothermal
coupled seepage flow simulation followed by a limit equilibrium slope stability analysis. It is
concluded that at the thawing period, the slope stability is affected by rainfall and snowmelt
water infiltration and later in November the failure happened due to overflow of water from a
drainage ditch.
Keywords: slope failure; snowmelt water; rainfall infiltration; drainage ditch breakage;
numerical modelling
Session 12
19 May 2017 9:00-10:45
Transport facilities influence on underground structures
Geotechnical analysis of structural behaviour under complex geological engineering
conditions
Геотехнический анализ работы сооружений в сложных инженерно-геологических
условиях
Andrey V. Benin, Elena V. Gorodnova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg Russia
Construction of deep foundation ditch under a reconstructed multi-storey building on the
main avenue of St.Petersburg
Строительство фундамента глубокого заложения под реконструируемым
многоэтажным зданием на главном проспекте Санкт-Петербурга
Mangushev R., Osokin A.
St.Petersburg State Civil Engineering University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Innovative technology for repair of culverts in conditions of constant intense water flow
Инновационная технология ремонта водопропускных сооружений в условиях
постоянного интенсивного водотока
Perminov A.N. a, Safonov I.P.
b, Perminov N.A.
c
aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,
bPermanent Way Department of Oktyabrskaya Railway, Saint Petersburg, Russia,
cSUE "Lengiproinzhproject", Saint Petersburg, Russia,
Different approaches to the Reconstruction of Vosstaniya Square in St. Petersburg
Различные подходы к реконструкции площади Восстания в Санкт-Петербурге
Yu.A. Nikitina, Antonina I. Ushakova
b
aEmperor Alexander I Saint-Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
bSaint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Underground works and tunnel monitoring
Мониторинг подземных работ и тоннелей
Giovanni Caloni
Sisgeo Srl, Milano, Italy
Geotechnical analysis of structural behaviour under complex geological engineering conditions
Andrey V. Benin, Elena V. Gorodnova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, 9, Moskovsky pr., St. Petersburg
Russia, 190031
Tel.: +7-921-339-8174; fax: +7-812-314-9013. E-mail: [email protected]
The article deals with the effect the geological engineering conditions have on the behaviour of
structures under conditions of North-Western soft soils. A structural survey conducted at an oil
refinery in the Leningrad region showed numerous faults and damages caused by settlements of
the bearing structures and their foundations. Traces of leakages on the retaining walls of the
pumphouse as well as next to the pipeline inlets witness a man-triggered raise of the ground
water level.
Crack formation in bottoms and walls of the aerotanks and sludge tanks was also denoted. It
might be caused by the reduction of foundation soil bearing capacity. In its turn, deterioration of
physical and mechanical features of the foundation soil is linked to the change in the
hydrological regime of the area, which is proved by rich seepage of ground waters through the
cracks in tanks.
Having analyzed the structural and geological engineering conditions the authors recommend
elaborating and performing a project to restore the proper working order of structures.
Keywords: Geological engineering conditions; faults and damages; retaining walls; structural
units
Construction of deep foundation ditch under a reconstructed multi-storey building on the main
avenue of St.Petersburg
Mangushev R., Osokin A.
Geotechnical Department, St.Petersburg State Civil Engineering University, Saint-Petersburg,
190005,Russia
Tel.: +7- 812-316-03-41. E-mail: [email protected]
The reconstruction of the former administrative building of the beginning of the 19th century in
the center of St. Petersburg on the main avenue and adaptation it to the modern Hotel is
considered. The new 6-storey building is done as a concrete frame with max height 27,7 m. The
underground floor 66,9 x 20,09 m for parking and technical rooms is planned under the whole
area of the building. The 4-5 storey brick block of flats and 3-5 storey administrative building,
the historical memorial, adjoin to the building under the reconstruction. The adjacent buildings
have cracks and defects due to general wear, rigidity decrease of the building and low
deformation characteristics of the soil. The soft water saturated soil under the basement become
thixotropic under insignificant dynamic effect (transport, seasonal freezing and etc). Prior to
dissembling the building it was done the monitoring of the adjacent buildings and the
reinforcement of their foundations using the method of injecting cement grout into foundation
and erecting 75 tilted anchor piles 25 m long, 200 mm diameter according to “Titan”
Technology. The protection walls of the excavated pit for underground space in the
reconstructed building was done by metal sheet pile “Arselor 37-700”13,5 m long, boring piles
27m long and diameter 410 mm. Additionally jet-grouting piles were erected to the depth min 2
meters from the footing of the existed foundation along the break walls of the adjacent buildings.
While excavating the pit in order to provide the sheet pile stability, the strut from metal pipes
was done. In order to make pile base under the frame of the building 162 bore piles 27 m long
and diameter 550 mm were used. The piles were made according to the Drilling Displacement
System (DDS) technology. Scheme of constructive decisions are given. The monitoring during
the foundation construction and the beginning of the upper part construction showed that the
additional settlement of the adjacent buildings did not exceed 20 mm, the limited allowance for
this type of the building.
Keywords: Key words: reconstruction of the building, main avenue, underground for parking,
reinforcement of the foundations, injecting cement, bore piles, foundation settlements,
monitoring.
Innovative technology for repair of culverts in conditions of constant intense water flow
Perminov A.N. a, Safonov I.P.
b, Perminov N.A.
c
aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,
bPermanent Way Department of Oktyabrskaya Railway, Saint Petersburg, Russia,
cSUE "Lengiproinzhproject", Saint Petersburg, Russia,
Tel.: +79219402684. e-mail: [email protected]
The proposed innovative technology "Saturn" is suitable for the repair of all types of culverts on
the Russian railways, especially for the repair and reconstruction of the pipes under the
conditions of permanent intense watercourse, with unusual (non-typical) design solutions, as
well as for pipes located in remote sections where it is difficult to arrange construction sites.
The developed innovative repair technology has been successfully applied to the Oktyabrskaya
Railway, or October Railway, since 2013 for repair and reconstruction of stone and concrete
culverts of long-term operation and pipes of various outlines of openings ranging in size from
1.5 m to 4.2 m, including in the conditions of permanent watercourse, while a pipe is filled by
flow up to 1.6 m of its section.
Keywords: innovative technology, repair, culverts, intense water flow.
Different approaches to the Reconstruction of Vosstaniya Square in St. Petersburg
Yu.A. Nikitina, Antonina I. Ushakova
b
aEmperor Alexander I Saint-Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
bSaint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7-812-328-8937. E-mail: [email protected]
The paper is devoted to the analysis of project proposals for the construction of the multi-
functional underground complex at Vosstaniya Square in St. Petersburg. It shows various options
for the reconstruction of the complex transport hub to address broad social and urban problems.
The first project proposals date back to the early 80-ies of XX century and provided for the
creation of a transport tunnel in the cross-section of Ligovsky Prospekt and development of
tunnel space under the square connected to the Moscow railway station. Later, commercial
proposals were submitted providing for private investment in the construction of underground
shopping malls and parking lots, which failed to address the problem of public transport. At the
beginning of this century, the idea of a tunnel under Vosstaniya Square was readdressed.
Keywords: underground construction; multifunctional underground complexes; transport
tunnels; traffic safety; separation of traffic and pedestrian flows
Session 13
19 May 2017 11:00-12:45
Stability of slopes
The specifities of landslides danger assessment accepted in Eurocode
Особенности оценки локальной оползневой опасности на основе Еврокодов
D.D. Shubina, I.K. Fomenko, D.N. Gorobtsov
Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Moscow, Russia
Wear degree assessment of low-pressure earth dams within urban landscape
Оценка степени износа низконапорных грунтовых плотин в пределах
урболандшафта
Tamila Titova, Rasul Akhtyamov, Elina Nasyrova
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Effect of a stiff thin foundation soil layer’s depth on dynamic response of an embankment
dam
Влияние мощности жесткого тонкого слоя грунта основания на динамические
характеристики насыпи дамбы
Talal Awwada , Modar Donia
b, Lana Awwad
c
aEurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan;
bDamascus University, Damascus, Syria.
cSection of Dams and Hydraulic structures, Ministry of water resources, Damascus, Syria.
The behavior estimation of the soil constructions at transport infrastructure with its
reinforcement by man-made materials with using of physical modelling and testing
Физическое моделирование и тестирование в оценке эффекта армирующих грунт
материалов на объектах инфраструктуры транспорта
Vinogradov V.V., Zaytsev A.A. , Frolovsky Y.K.
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II,Moscow, Russia
Protection of the transport infrastructure from influence of landslides by suspension
grouting
Применение инъекциионных методов закрепления склонов для защиты
транспортных объектов от оползней
Ponomarev A.A., Zerkal O.V., Samarin E.N.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
The application of anisotropy of soil properties in the probabilistic analysis of landslides
activity
Использование анизотропии прочности грунтов при вероятностном анализе
развития оползней
Fomenko I.K.a, Zerkal O.V.
b
a Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MSGU-RSGPU), ,
Moscow, Russia b Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Moscow, Russia
The specifities of landslides danger assessment accepted in Eurocode
D.D. Shubina, I.K. Fomenko, D.N. Gorobtsov
Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MSGU-RSGPU),
Miklouho-Maklay's street 23, Moscow 117997, Russia
Tel.: +7-910-452-36-03. E-mail: [email protected]
The following article is related to different ways of slope stability assessment accepted in the
Eurocodes and national codes of practice. The landslides studying history is briefly considered.
The Eurocode 7 and 8 structure is described and some features of their application are listed.
Differences between deterministic and probabilistic methods are shown. Examples of stability
design schemes based on limiting equilibrium and also with seismic loads are given. The aspects
of the slope reliability estimation using the reliability index are considered. Some disadvantages
of reviewed slope stability assessment ways are listed and some recommendations for the new
Codes of practice development are given.
Keywords: Eurocodes; landslides; slope stability assessment; risk estimation.
Wear degree assessment of low-pressure earth dams within urban landscape
Tamila Titova, Rasul Akhtyamov, Elina Nasyrova
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-962-52-52-772. E-mail: [email protected].
The article considers the safety of geotechnical structures, namely low-pressure earth dams,
operating within urban landscape without qualified staff and test equipment. The main content of
the research is the analysis of factors leading to the dam destruction, which in the work are
divided into climatic, anthropogenic and water impact. The authors have developed a wear
indicator of earth dam (U), including various types of water impact (biological, physico-
chemical and mechanical), over time leading to the destruction of the dam. For each type of
water impact offers conditions and formulas for conversion in dimensionless form for the
subsequent calculation of wear indicator. In the analysis the types of water impact, determined
by meteorological parameters, it is recommended to use a Gumbel double exponential
distribution. In the evaluation of earth dams wear degree it is proposed to group the dam within
one functional area of urban landscape (e.g. industrial or residential), or for the appointment of
the water body. In the case of complete wear of an earth dam. (U>0,7) requires detailed
assessment of a dam with participation of qualified specialists and application instrumentation.
Keywords: urban landscape; earth dam; wear; water impact; Gumbel distribution.
Effect of a stiff thin foundation soil layer’s depth on dynamic response of an embankment dam
Talal Awwada , Modar Donia
b, Lana Awwad
c
aEurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan;
bDamascus University, Damascus, Syria.
cSection of Dams and Hydraulic structures, Ministry of water resources, Damascus, Syria.
Tel.:+7-702-744-6879. E-mail: [email protected]
In 2002, Zeyzoun Dam failure, that is an embankment dam located at the northwest of Syria,
made a big Awareness of the effects of the lack of Geotechnical investigations and seismic
conditions of the site of the dam. The dam located, in the vicinity of the Dead Sea fault, which
emphasizes the importance of analyzing the effects of lithological stratum in dam foundations on
dam seismic stability. This paper is concerned with the influence of a high permeable soil layer
that has different static and dynamic properties, and exists at different depths in dam foundation.
Numerical models arepreparedto analyze that effectbyapplying finite element method and
considering seepage, dynamic analysis and slope stability. The results shows thatphreatic line
rises in the dam body because of decreasing in permeable layer depth, which is resulting in two
effects, The first is increasing in pore-water pressure, and destabilizing forces in dam body, The
second is decreasing in stabilizing forces and factors of safety.The effective stresses decrease
above phreatic line due to decreasing in suction pressure, and will decrease under phreatic line
due to increasing in pore water pressure. The foundation stratum has a damping effect of
decreasing the factor of safety under seismic conditions by 5%, except the case where Layer 3-1
is located near ground level (where the dam failed), where it has amplification effect.
Keywords: Slope stability; Seepage; embankment dam; dynamic analysis.
The behavior estimation of the soil constructions at transport infrastructure with its
reinforcement by man-made materials with using of physical modelling and testing
Vinogradov V.V., Zaytsev A.A. , Frolovsky Y.K.
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering of Emperor Nicholas II, Obraztsov str. 9
stroenie 9,Moscow,109994,Russia
Tel.: +7-495-684-22-06; fax: +7-495-684-22-06.
E-mail: [email protected]
Mechanical stabilized earth walls with reinforcing of the man-made materials are widely applied
in Russia on the railway and highway track infrastructure for the last ten years. During last years
it is the transport infrastructure in Sankt-Petersburg, Moscow and Sochi regions. This study was
provided for better understanding of the behavior of soil constructions at transport infrastructure
and its separate elements using some methods: historical technical evolution analysis, laboratory
testing and physical modeling on the centrifuge. Friction coefficient between a reinforcing
element and a fill soil takes direct part in internal stability analysis of construction. Its value
depends both on type of a reinforcing material, and from filler (sand, gravel and other soil types).
The special device was designed for the tests and definition of factor of an internal friction
between the geogrid and soil. Some experiments have been conducted for the reinforcing
element.
Keywords: transport infrastructure, man-made materials, physical modelling, testing
Protection of the transport infrastructure from influence of landslides by suspension grouting
Ponomarev A.A., Zerkal O.V., Samarin E.N.
Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gori 1, Moscow,119991, Russia
Tel.: +79852411930. E-mail: [email protected]
Construction and operation of transport infrastructure in the mountainous areas is an extremely
important task. The complex structural-tectonic conditions with highly broken relief contribute
to the development of modern landslide processes. Unexpected landslide activity carries a
significant threat to both the road and transport infrastructure, as well as the life and health of
people who use it. There are now known many different methods for protection of transport
infrastructure by landslides, but the classic methods are not sufficiently effective to ensure
reliable work of roads in mountainous areas and the considerable material costs involved are not
justified. The reason for this is often the heterogeneity of a soil in composition and properties. A
solution to this problem is to use suspension grouting to stabilize the landslide body. It was
found that the injection of cement slurries with high water-cement ratio is only possible in
weathered mudstone with cracks width> 10 mm, with injection pressure less than 6 atm. In this
case, there is a uniform filling of cracks at a distance of 1, 5-2,0 meters from the injector. When
the injection pressure increase occurs the hydraulic fracturing with the output hydraulic cement
slurry to the surface. Processing of dense unweathered mudstone by suspension of colloidal
silica with a concentration of 29% is possible to obtain a solid array with high strength
characteristics that do not change even after 10 cycles of soaking/drying.
Keywords: slope stabilization; grouting; landslides
The application of anisotropy of soil properties in the probabilistic analysis of landslides activity
Fomenko I.K., Zerkal O.V.
Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MSGU-RSGPU),
Miklouho-Maklay's street 23, Moscow 117997, Russia
Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 1, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
Tel.: +7-903-841-9221. E-mail: [email protected]
In practice, in the performance of engineering and geological surveys anisotropy of soil strength
is often considered not fully.
One of the main problems in modeling the stability of rock landslide is an objective
consideration of the influence of the parameters of cracks and other surface section on the
calculation results. On the one hand, the study of fracture is always a certain measurement error,
on the other, that the strength against cracking, in many cases, will determine the stability of the
rock mass. It appears that the most promising approach is the simulation of fracture using the
anisotropy of soil strength calculations of rock landslides.
The article considers the influence of the anisotropy of the strength of the slope of the array of
soil on the results of quantitative assessment of the overall stability of the slope. Strength criteria
are considered grounds for taking account of anisotropy, the limitations of existing approaches to
quantify the stability of slopes, describes the principles of probabilistic analysis in the analysis of
the anisotropy of the strength properties of the soil. The possibility of obtaining estimates of
probability of landslide deformation, which can then be used in geological risk analysis.
Keywords: landslides; anisotropy of soil properties; the strength criteria; stability assessment;
probabilistic analysis.
Session 14
19 May 2017 11:00-12:45
Use of geosynthetics in road construction
Finite Element Analysis of Flexible Pavement with Geogrids
Конечноэлементный анализ гибкого покрытия, армированного георешетками
S.K.Ahirwar, J.N. Mandal
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam: preliminary characteristic evaluation
Пенополистирол EPS : предварительная оценка свойств
Y. Z. Beju, J. N. Mandal
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
Improving of performance characteristics during mechanical stabilization of quarry haul
roads with stiff polymeric Tensar Triax hexagonal geogrid
Повышение эксплуатационных характеристик при механической стабилизации
карьерных автодорог гексагональной георешеткой Tensar Triax
G.V. Solovyeva, K.I. Vatchnadze
b
aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
bANCO «NII STT», Moscow, Russia
Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slopes in Cohesive Soils Subject to Seismic Action
Склоны из связных грунтов, армированных геосинтетическими материалами,
находящиеся под сейсмическим воздействием
Akram H. Abdab
, Stefano Utilic
aUniversity of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
bTikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
cUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
Application of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) to Test Aggregate Layers
on Geosynthetic Base
Применение дефлектометра падающего груза (FWD, УДН) для оценки свойств
грунтов с основанием из геоматериалов
Maria J. Sulewskaa, Grzegorz Bartnik
b
aBialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
bWarsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Finite element modelling of unpaved road reinforced with geosynthetics
Моделирование методом конечных элементов дороги без покрытия, армированной
геоматериалами
Lidia Sarah Calvarano, Giovanni Leonardi, Rocco Palamara
Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria, Italy
Finite Element Analysis of Flexible Pavement with Geogrids
S.K.Ahirwar, J.N. Mandal
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai –
400076, India
Tel.: +91-999-398-5530. E-mail: [email protected]
Geogrids is being increasingly used as a reinforced material in various divisions of civil
engineering. The flexible pavement is the one of major area, where the needs of improvement in
performance of pavement service life, base course and subgrade. The finite element method is a
best suitable tool for solving problems related to nonlinear nature of materials. The objective of
this article to access the functioning of geogrids in flexible pavement through finite element
analysis with PLAXIS 2D software. The Mohr-coulomb model used for materials in the base
layer,sub-base layer and subgrade layer and elastic model interface element used for geogrids to
simulate the interaction condition. The triangular element of 15-noded is used for layers of
pavements. The traffic intensity and thickness of each layer was use according to codal
provisions of Indian road congress (IRC: 37-2012). In the present study, axis-symmetric model is
used in the PLAXIS 2D for investigating the effect of axial stiffness of geogrids in the pavement
at different thickness of base layer. The finite element analysis results shows the reduction in
vertical surface deformation when the geogrids were added between the pavement layers. Results
of previously published research shows the improvement in pavement performance when
geogrids used as a reinforcement.
Keywords: Finite element method; geogrids; Pavement; Stiffness; Deformation.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam: preliminary characteristic evaluation
Y. Z. Beju, J. N. Mandal
Civil Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai – 400
076, India
Tel.: +91-916-776-9109; fax: +91-222-576-7302.
E-mail: [email protected]
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam is a fascinating area in the field of geotechnical
engineering and its service life is comparable to other construction materials. It can be used for
backfilling embankments and highways both vertical and sloped sides. Moreover, it has been
used as a compressible inclusion behind retaining walls, above pipelines, tunnels or culverts and
below slabs or beams at a foundation. In the present study, an attempt has been made to
comprehend the behavior of EPS geofoam using different laboratory tests such as water
absorption test, compressive strength test, flexural strength test and triaxial test. The shear
strength behavior of EPS geofoam was examined through a series of triaxial tests conducted for
confining pressure of 50, 100 and 150 kPa. The tests have been carried out on EPS geofoam
samples of three different densities, 12, 15 and 20 kg/m3. The behavior of EPS geofoam in
compression is a function of density, strain rate and sample size. The higher density of EPS
geofoam develops high compressive strength and the size of prismatic specimen of EPS geofoam
affects the modulus values. The flexural strength of EPS geofoam increases with the increase in
density. Higher density test specimen failed at lower deformation due to increase in the stiffness
with an increase in density. The triaxial test results indicated that the cohesion and angle of
internal friction of EPS geofoam increase with an increase in density. However, the cohesion is
found to be the major parameter which contributes the shear strength of EPS geofoam. The water
absorption capacity of EPS geofoam was found very less and also decreased with an increase in
density.
Keywords: EPS geofoam; Deformation; Density; Cohesion; Angle of internal friction
Improving of performance characteristics during mechanical stabilization of quarry haul roads
with stiff polymeric Tensar Triax hexagonal geogrid
G.V. Solovyeva, K.I. Vatchnadze
b
aEmperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia bANCO «NII STT», Nizhnyaya Krasnoselskaya str., 13, Moscow, 105066, Russia
Tel: 7 921 341 58 98. E-mail: [email protected]
During the construction and operation of quarry haul roads by large dump trucks the employees
of mining companies face a number of problems caused by inhomogeneity and low deformation
characteristics of foundation soils. This results in high rutting of the road topping, inability to
operate during the spring and autumn period, increased consumption of fuel and expensive
elements of the running gear of the dump trucks because of the poor state of quarry roads. To
solve these problems, experimental laying of the Tensar TriAx stabilizing hexagonal geogrid was
performed during the construction of a quarry road. This article describes the course of the
experiment, including the production technology of the work, modeling of operation by quarry
dump trucks during the unfavorable period, assessment of the increase of deformation
characteristics of the construction and the reduce of rutting of the road topping after applying the
hexagonal geogrid. In the course of the experiment it was concluded that the positive effect of
the hexagonal geogrid use in the construction and operation of quarry haul roads is significant.
Keywords: hexagonal geogrid; rutting; modulus of deformation; stamp test; stabilization.
Geosynthetic-Reinforced Slopes in Cohesive Soils Subject to Seismic Action
Akram H. Abdab
, Stefano Utilic
aUniversity of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
bTikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq
cUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
Tel.: +44 (0)19120 86414. E-mail: [email protected]
Currently, geosynthetic reinforcements are calculated assuming the backfill to be purely
frictional. However, accounting for the presence of even a modest amount of cohesion may
allow using locally available cohesive backfills to a greater extent and less overall reinforcement.
Unlike purely frictional backfills, cohesive soils present are subject to the formation of cracks
that tend to reduce slope stability which therefore need to be properly accounted for in any slope
stability assessment.
Utili & Abd derived a semi-analytical method for uniform c-
presence of cracks that provides the amount of reinforcement needed as a function of soil
cohesion, tensile strength, angle of shearing resistance and slope inclination employing the limit
analysis upper bound method.
In this paper the formulation is extended to the seismic case, accounting for earthquake action by
employing the pseudo-static approach. Ready to use design charts providing the value of the
required reinforcement are plotted for both uniform and linearly increasing reinforcement
distributions. From the results it emerges that accounting for the presence of cohesion allows
significant savings to be made, but the presence of seismic action may require considerable
additional reinforcement.
Keywords: upper bound; limit analysis; reinforcement design; slope stability; crack; cohesive
soils.
Application of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) to Test Aggregate Layers on
Geosynthetic Base
Maria J. Sulewskaa, Grzegorz Bartnik
b
aBialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul.
Wiejska 45E , 15-351 Bialystok, Poland bWarsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637
Warsaw, Poland
Tel.:+ 48-22-234-56-94; fax: +48-22-825-89-46.
E-mail: [email protected]
The article presents an analysis of the results of research on aggregate layers placed on weak soil
reinforced with geosynthetic conducted by using Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD).
Measurements of geotechnical parameters have been carried out on the test bench in the
laboratory. The tested subgrade comprised of layers: a reinforcement in the form of non-woven
geotextile was laid on a layer of a weak soil subgrade, and then the geosynthetic was embedded
with a crushed-stone aggregate. A weak subgrade was modeled by using various number of
plastic sheets. Tests results were involved statistical analysis, obtained regression models of
dependent variables E1, E2 demonstrate high prediction capability; relative error in predicting of
models is ± 25%. It was not, however, possible to obtain Is models, useful in engineering
practice and based on results from Light Falling Weight Deflectometer tests.
Keywords: geosynthetics; subgrade, load bearing capacity; Light Falling Weight Deflectometer
Finite element modelling of unpaved road reinforced with geosynthetics
Lidia Sarah Calvarano, Giovanni Leonardi, Rocco Palamara
Department of Civil Engineering, Energy, Environment and Materials (DICEAM), Mediterranea
University of Reggio Calabria, Feo di Vito, Reggio Calabria 89122, Italy
Tel.: +39-0965 1692306; fax: +390965 1692201. E-mail: [email protected]
The technique of soil mechanical stabilization, using geosynthetics, is extensively used in the
construction of unpaved roads with a low volume of traffic. Unpaved roads consist of unbound
granular bases overlying cohesive subgrades. When built on weak subgrades, these roads are
subject to problems like excessive rutting and mud-pumping, increasing maintenance costs and
usually leading to periodic interruptions to traffic. Particularly, the field applications of
geosynthetic reinforcement placed above a weak subgrade can markedly improve the
performance of these roads decreasing permanent vertical deformations, increasing lateral
restraint ability, which results in increased pavement service life or reduced base thickness to
carry the same number of load repetitions. This paper focuses on providing a numerical
investigation using a bi-dimensional Finite Element Method (FEM), using ABAQUS software,
to analyze the improvement of reinforced unpaved road under repeated wheel traffic load
conditions in terms of aggregate base course thickness saving.
Keywords: Geosynthetics, unpaved road, design methods, FEM analysis.
Session 15
19 May 2017 11:00-12:45
Problems of underground construction in complex geotechnical conditions
Structural response of existed metro tunnels to adjacent large-section pipe jacking
construction
Реакция существующих тоннелей метро на сооружение трубопровода крупными
блоками методом продавливания
Bo Liu, Dingwen Zhang, Lei Fang
School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
The uplift behavior of a subway station during different degree of soil liquefaction
Подъемная сила станции метрополитена при разной степени разжижения грунта
Ji-Lei Hu,·Hua-Bei Liu
School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Geomechanical Tasks Solving in Modelling of Temporary Support Parameters in Sochi
Tunnels
Решение задач геомеханики при моделировании конструктивно-технологических
параметров временной крепи тоннелей
Pr. Tatiana V. Ivanes, Pr. Vladimir N. Kavkazskiy, Mikhail I. Shidakov
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Influence evaluation of buildings constructed in protected zone on St.Petersburg subway
underground structures stress-strain state
Оценка воздействия строящихся в охранной зоне зданий и сооружений на
напряженно-деформированное состояние подземных объектов метрополитена
Санкт-Петербурга
Lediаev A.P., Konkov A.N., Novikov A.L., Soloviev D.A.
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Development of tunnel dismantling machine (TDM) in MTR West Island Line project
Разработка тоннелепроходческой машины для проекта строительства MTR West
Island Line
P.L. Ng a, T.N.D.R. Barrett
b, G. Roux
c, S. Polycarpe
d, M. Gonzalez
e
aFormerly Dragages-Maeda-BSG Joint Venture, Hong Kong, China
bMTR Corporation Limited, Hong Kong, China
cCSM Bessac, Saint Jory, France
dDragages Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China
Scientific substantiation of constructive-technological parameters of St. Petersburg subway
underground structures
Научное обоснование конструктивно-технологических параметров подземных
сооружений метрополитена в условиях Санкт-Петербурга
Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Larionov A.A.
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Appraisal of highway tunnels construction on the active railroad tunnel operational
reliability in the city of Sochi
Оценка степени влияния проходки автотранспортных тоннелей на
эксплуатационную надежность действующего железнодорожного тоннеля
Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Svintsov E.S.
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Development of the fastening design of the underground structure immersed in water-
saturated soils of St. Petersburg, from floating up
Разработка конструкции закрепления подземного сооружения, размещенного в
водонасыщенных грунтах Санкт-Петербурга, от всплытия
Andrei A. Ananev
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, St. Petersburg, Russian
Federation
Structural response of existed metro tunnels to adjacent large-section pipe jacking construction
Bo Liu, Dingwen Zhang, Lei Fang
School of Transportation, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
Tel.: +86 15951812310. E-mail: [email protected]
A rectangular pedestrian underpass of 94.5m long, 7m wide and 4.3m high was constructed
across the existed metro tunnels using pipe jacking method. The minimum distance from
underpass bottom to tunnel crown was 4.5m. In order to investigate the effects of pipe jacking on
existed underlying tunnels, the instruments were installed in the tunnels and structural responses
were extensively monitored. Based on the field observations, the vertical displacement,
horizontal displacement and diameter convergence of the tunnel were analyzed. The results
indicate that in the whole pipe jacking process, the tunnel vertical displacement mainly goes
through three different stages, namely, initial settlement stage, quick heave stage and steady
heave stage. The horizontal displacement of ballast bed is much smaller than that of tunnel
crown and is almost negligible. The tunnel was horizontally compressed and vertically stretched
after pipe jacking construction. Pipe jacking construction has a greater effect on the tunnel
structures just below the underpass than that beyond the width scope of underpass, whether it is
vertical displacement, horizontal displacement or diameter convergence of the tunnel.
Keywords: Structural response; Metro tunnel, Pipe jacking, Field Monitoring
The uplift behavior of a subway station during different degree of soil liquefaction
Ji-Lei Hu,·Hua-Bei Liu
School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,
Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
Tel.: +86-27-8755-7960; fax: +86-27-8755-7960.
E-mail: [email protected]
The large underground structures, such as the subway station, deposited in the saturated
liquefiable soils are easily subjected to severe damages due to the liquefaction-induced uplift in
the strong earthquake. Existing researches of the liquefaction-induced uplift primarily focused on
the seismic response of underground structures after soil liquefaction. However, relatively little
effort has been dedicated to discussing the uplift behavior in the beginning of soil liquefaction
during earthquakes and after soil post-liquefaction when the earthquake stopped. A subway
station deposited at different buried depths within different relative density sands suffered from a
moderate earthquake was simulated by a Finite Element and Finite Difference (FE-FD) Coupled
Method to detect the issue in this study. It was found that soil liquefaction induced by the
earthquake loading was a precondition of the uplift trigger, but not a basic reason, both sinking
and floatation failure could take place during soil liquefaction. The degree and the area of soil
liquefaction surrounding the underground structure and the surrounding soil squeezing into the
bottom of the flowing underground structure after seismic liquefaction were the fundamental
conditions. The results also showed that when the uplift response occurred, the uplift
displacement slowly developed between the elementary liquefaction and the complete
liquefaction, and then rapidly developed after the complete liquefaction, but did not cease
immediately when the earthquake stopped, whereas still slowly developed, and then settled in
some extent with the dissipation of excess pore water pressure.
Keywords: Earthquakes; Uplift behavior; Degree of liquefaction; Numerical analysis; Subway
station
Geomechanical Tasks Solving in Modelling of Temporary Support Parameters in Sochi Tunnels
Pr. Tatiana V. Ivanes, Pr. Vladimir N. Kavkazskiy, Mikhail I. Shidakov
Department of Tunnels and Undergrounds, Emperor Alexander I State Transport University,
Moskovsky pr.,9, Saint-Petersburg 190031, Russia
Student of the Faculty of Transport Infrastructure Engineering, PGUPS, Moskovsky pr.,9, Saint-
Petersburg 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-906-2671274. E-mail: [email protected]
Mining method in tunnel construction requires a proper choice and justification of the type of a
temporary support. This aspect is highly related to choosing of an appropriate tunnel excavation
assembling method. Features of a temporary support influent various factors which tunnel
construction process depends on. The study provides relevant Geomechanical tasks defined
using Mathematical Modeling. The Department of Tunnels and Undergrounds of Petersburg
State Transport University elaborated particular design models and conducted calculations using
Finite Element Method to solve a number of Geomechanical tasks occurred during construction
of Sochi Tunnels. The study finds out that the project-provided measures did not fully prevent an
emergence of soil collapsing zones, though the mountain pressure was totally accomplished by
the temporary support in this particular researched case.
Keywords: Geomechanical tasks; tunnels; temporary support; excavation stability
Influence evaluation of buildings constructed in protected zone on St.Petersburg subway
underground structures stress-strain state
Lediаev A.P., Konkov A.N., Novikov A.L., Soloviev D.A.
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovsky Ave, 9, 190031, St. Petersburg,
Russia
Tel.: +7-921-953-06-98. E-mail: [email protected]
Building in protected zones of subway can seriously influence on stress-strain state and
operational reliability of underground structures. It should be noted that till nowadays there are
no normative documents which regulate the permissible additional load on various types of
underground subway constructions, the grade of acceptable approaching of the foundations and
piles elements and common attitude to protected area dimensions of different underground
constructions and other important factors.
There is practical need in developing of criterion of permissibility evaluation of ground
construction in the St. Petersburg subway protected zone. The criterion depends on various
factors: type of underground structures, geotechnical conditions, the current technical state of
underground constructions, the allowed value of additional loads on them and other important
factors.
The article presents the algorithm for the influence evaluation of ground construction on
underground structures as well as the example of its practical realization during developing the
design solutions and during construction. There are examples of realization of proposed
methodology for influence evaluation of ground construction on various St. Petersburg metro
underground constructions.
Keywords: subway; underground facilities; maintenance reliability; evaluation of the influence
Development of tunnel dismantling machine (TDM) in MTR West Island Line project
P.L. Ng a, T.N.D.R. Barrett
b, G. Roux
c, S. Polycarpe
d, M. Gonzalez
e
aFormerly Dragages-Maeda-BSG Joint Venture, Hong Kong, China
bMTR Corporation Limited, Hong Kong, China
cCSM Bessac, Saint Jory, France
dDragages Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong, China
eBouygues Construction, Guyancourt, France
Tel.: +852-9587-5310; fax: +852-2559-5337.
E-mail: [email protected]
The MTR West Island Line (WIL) project involved demolishing and backfilling a 132 m section
of the existing Overrun Tunnel (ORT) through complex geology beneath densely populated
urban area, in order to enable subsequent excavation of the WIL Down-track (westbound)
running tunnel by tunnel boring machine (TBM). To tackle the challenge while minimizing
construction risks, a bespoke tunnel dismantling machine (TDM) was innovated. The TDM
worked backwards from the operational railway interface inside the ORT to remove each lining
segment ring under 2.8 bar compressed air pressure, sprayed shotcrete lining for temporary
support, and backfilled the remaining void left underground. The crew behind the demolition
chamber of TDM worked under atmospheric pressure. Part of the backfilled tunnel was then re-
excavated by slurry TBM to form the re-aligned WIL Down-track running tunnel. The TDM was
able to accomplish the works safely and led to the successful opening of WIL. This paper
explicates the development of the world-wide unprecedented TDM and the construction process
of ORT demolition.
Keywords: Confinement; hyperbaric intervention; lining segment; shotcrete; tunnel dismantling
machine; tunneling
Scientific substantiation of constructive-technological parameters of St. Petersburg subway
underground structures
Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Larionov A.A.
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Tel.: +7-921-992-21-62. E-mail: [email protected]
The introduction in St. Petersburg of new efficient designs and construction methods allows
raising the pace of construction along with the reduction of the material structures. The idea
requires comprehensive research, including the theoretical rationale, the model research and field
observations at construction sites. The article highlights the experience of carrying out
comprehensive studies with the purpose of scientific justification of the progressive design and
technology solutions for the underground construction of the St. Petersburg subway. The results
of research using engineering and mathematical models of the stress-strain state of complex
Underground station structures are given. The practical significance of these findings is
confirmed when introducing new designs of columned and vaulted stations including the design
solutions adjustment of unique two-level combined transfer station "Sportivnaya". Significant
scientific work in reducing negative symptoms in the process of underground structures
construction is a complex research related to the implementation of excavation technologies
without the sediment of the surface. The article provides information about comprehensive
research to justify the feasibility of the excavation of the station tunnels and auxiliary tunnels
with the application of forepoling of the roof and brow.
Keywords: underground facilities, research on models, excavation technologies without the
sediment of the surface, application of forepoling of the roof and brow.
Appraisal of highway tunnels construction on the active railroad tunnel operational reliability in
the city of Sochi
Frolov Y.S., Konkov A.N., Svintsov E.S.
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovsky Ave, 9, 190031, St. Petersburg,
Russia
Tel.: +7-921-961-42-54. E-mail: [email protected]
The article highlights a set of researches performed to ensure the operational reliability of the
railway tunnel with the highway tunnels constructed above it in the city of Sochi. The tunnel
intersection on the highway includes 2 parallel tunnels with the length of 544,1 and 557,8
meters. Engineering-geological conditions are classified as complex: three tunnels on the
problem area are located in the low and reduced strength mudstone with the inclusion of lenses
and interlayers of Sandstone. According to the results of the theoretical research, limit value of
the strength and deformation parameters of railway tunnel lining were determined. Stress-strain
state of lining in nearly real-life conditions is determined. The work program for permanent
automated geodetic monitoring of the highway tunneling allowed us to obtain information about
possible changes in the technical state of railway tunnel lining. The complex of performed
measures allowed ensuring the safety of construction work of the highway tunnel and continuous
movement of Tuapse-Adler trains passing through central areas of Sochi.
Keywords: maintenance reliability, permanent automated geodetic monitoring, railway tunnel
Development of the fastening design of the underground structure immersed in water-saturated
soils of St. Petersburg, from floating up
Andrei A. Ananev
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2-ya Krasnoarmeiskaya
ul., 4, St. Petersburg 190005, Russian Federation
Tel.: +7-905-279-1972; fax: 8-812-316-0341.
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected].
The practice of design shows that the need to develop explanations, recommendations and
examples of calculations to go with the essential requirements of the building rules. The author
has set the task to simplify the use of the requirements for the design and construction of soil
bases for cylinder open caissons. The objective of the work is to develop the fixing design of an
underground structure of 24 m in diameter and 15.6 m in height, immersed in an antifriction
jacket below the groundwater level to depth of 16,8 m, to prevent it from floating up. The article
describes the geological structure and soil characteristics of St. Petersburg, a characteristic
feature of which is the presence of groundwater horizons in the soils, complicating underground
constraction. Recommendations and explanations are given as to how to forecast the forces of
friction at the point of contact between the structure and the water-saturated soils. The
constractive scheme of securing embedded structure from floating up has been developed. The
methods of calculation and design of additional loads and ground anchors is described in detail.
The results of calculation and analysis have been performed to verify the probability of the open
caisson floating up due the action of the hydrostatic load. The main types of construction work
are cementation of the antifriction cavity, building on the perimeter of the well of a reinforced
collar rigidly connected with the front shaft, providing a sandy backfill as additional load for the
well, anchoring the bottom of the well using vertical ground anchors. The paper may be of
interest to designers working in the area of the design of underground structures.
Keywords: cylinder underground structure; groundwater; soils friction; calculation for floating
up; cementation of antifriction cavity; additional loads and ground anchors.
Session 16
19 May 2017 13:45-15:15
Pavement problems caused by the natural influences and due to repeated cars passages
Dynamic Shakedown Analysis of Flexible Pavements under Rolling and Sliding Contact
Considering Moving Speed
Оценка динамических эксплуатационных параметров нежесткого покрытия при
качении и скольжении с учетом скорости движения
Dai Yu-Chen, Qian Jian-Gu, Wang Yong-Gang, Huang Mao-Song
Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Integrated approach to using technology of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)
Комплексный подход к применеию технологий восстановления асфальтового
покрытия
M.A. Lyubarskayaa, V.S. Merkusheva
b, P.A. Osian
c, A.A. Ilin
b, E.S. Svintsov
b
aSaint-Petersburg State University of Economics, ul. Sadovaya, d. 21, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
bEmperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-
Petersburg, Russia cBaltic Academy of Tourism and Entrepreneurship, JSC “Lemminkanen Stroy”, Saint-
Petersburg, ul. Petrozavodskaya, d.13, lit. A, Russia
Laboratory investigations on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for using it as base
course of flexible pavement
Лабораторные исследования восстановленного асфальтового покрытия
Dulal Chandra Saha, J. N. Mandal
Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT - Bombay.
Effective Repair and Refurbishment Compound for the Strengthening of a Road Concrete
Pavements
Эффективный ремонтно-восстановительный состав для укрепления дорожных
бетонных покрытий
T.I. Boykova, V.Y. Solovyova, D.V. Solovyov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Concrete For Road Pavements
Бетон для дорожных покрытий
Tatyana Boikova, Dmitry Solovyov, Valentina Solovyova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Application of fiber-reinforced concrete in tram track foundation
Опыт использования фибробетона в основании трамвайных путей
V.V. Garbaruk, E.P. Dudkin , V.A. Ivliev
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Dynamic Shakedown Analysis of Flexible Pavements under Rolling and Sliding Contact
Considering Moving Speed
Dai Yu-Chen, Qian Jian-Gu, Wang Yong-Gang, Huang Mao-Song
Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
E-mail: [email protected]
Pavement subjected to the traffic load above shakedown limit is predicted to exhibit accumulated
plastic strains that eventually lead to failure within the pavement system. Shakedown theory is a
valid approach to estimating the critical shakedown load level. In this study, a dynamic
shakedown method for computing the shakedown limit of pavement is presented based on the
lower-bound theorem of shakedown. To this end, a combined Finite element-Infinite element
(FE-IE) method is utilized to calculate the dynamic elastic stress field due to rolling and sliding
contact between wheel and pavement surface considering the effect of moving speed. The rolling
and sliding contact is approximated by a moving Hertz distribution load, which is performed
through moving vertical and horizontal body forces simultaneously modeled by thin-layered
element above the pavement surface. Shakedown limits for both uniform and two-layered
pavement system at various moving speeds have been investigated, respectively. It is found that
the shakedown limit decreases with the increasing moving speed and then turns to increase when
the moving speed exceeds the Rayleigh wave speed. This dynamic effect is more profound when
the horizontal force is small. The influence of horizontal force on shakedown limit at various
moving speed is also discussed. Eventually, the impact of frictional coefficient and material
properties on shakedown limit for two-layered pavement is also investigated as can then be
applied to the optimal pavement design.
Keywords: dynamic shakedown; traffic moving speed; rolling and sliding contact; Finite
element-Infinite element (FE-IE)
Integrated approach to using technology of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)
M.A. Lyubarskayaa, V.S. Merkusheva
b, P.A. Osian
c, A.A. Ilin
b, E.S. Svintsov
b
aSaint-Petersburg State University of Economics, ul. Sadovaya, d. 21, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
bEmperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-
Petersburg, Russia cBaltic Academy of Tourism and Entrepreneurship, JSC “Lemminkanen Stroy”, Saint-
Petersburg, ul. Petrozavodskaya, d.13, lit. A, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The article analyses the problems of lack the system approach to using reclaimed asphalt
pavement technologies (RAP) in Russia. The purpose of this article is to review global
experience with RAP, identify common issues of implementation of this technology and develop
methods to ensure a comprehensive approach to the use of RAP in Russia.
The procedure of choosing a method of application RAP technology should addresses two main
issues: cost-effectiveness and reducing the negative impact on the environment. Determining the
most effective use of RAP technology is based on a combination of field and theoretical studies.
Keywords: RAP; asphalt pavement restoration technologies; asphalt recycling; cost-
effectiveness.
Laboratory investigations on Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) for using it as base course of
flexible pavement
Dulal Chandra Saha, J. N. Mandal
Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT - Bombay.
E-mail:[email protected], [email protected]
During Capacity augmentation of existing National Highway (NH) Projects, grade separated
structures in terms of Flyovers, Vehicular underpass (VUP), Pedestrian underpass (PUP), Cattle
underpasses (CUP) are proposed at regular intervals. Accordingly, existing road levels at
approaches of these structures are required to be raised making the existing pavement materials
redundant. Existing pavement materials are also obtained due to milling of existing pavement
surface before laying overlay for strengthening. The present study is to assess the suitability of
using these redundant pavement materials also called Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) as
potential subbase / base course materials for flexible pavement. It was observed from literature
survey of various past studies that California bearing ratio (CBR) of 100% RAP is not suitable
for its use as base of flexible pavement as per Indian Standards (IRC). Accordingly, attempts
were made to improve strength of RAP in terms of CBR by mixing it with crushed stone
aggregates, stabilizing it with cement and combination of both. In the present study, laboratory
CBR tests have been conducted on RAP, mixture of RAP and crushed stone aggregates and also
on mixture of RAP and crushed stone aggregates stabilized with various percentages of cement.
It was observed that though un soaked CBR values of RAP were not influenced much due to its
mixing with crushed stone aggregates and/or stabilization with cement, soaked CBR values
increased substantially due to both mixing with crushed stone aggregates and stabilizing with
cement. The soaked CBR value of RAP increases from 20% to in excess of 100% when it is
mixed with crushed stone aggregates in various proportions and stabilized with small
percentages of cement and thereby making it suitable for using it as subbase/base of flexible
pavement. Modified proctor compaction tests were conducted on both RAP and mixture of RAP
and crushed stone aggregates to established optimum moisture content for the preparation of
CBR moulds for testings.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement; California bearing ratio; crushed stone aggregates.
Effective Repair and Refurbishment Compound for the Strengthening of a Road Concrete
Pavements
T.I. Boykova, V.Y. Solovyova, D.V. Solovyov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr. 9, Saint
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-812-310-1725; fax: +7-812-457-8644. E-mail: [email protected]
Road pavements for various purposes are constantly exposed to high traffic loads, high
temperature changes and aggressive influence of ice-reagents during winter, which cause a
negative effect on the durability of concrete. To restore the weakened concrete properties and
further protection an effective multifunctional material is needed.
A composite repair-protective material modified by a mixture of developed complex additive has
a compressive strength not less than 55,0 MPa, the abrasion resistance mark corresponds to an
abrasion brand G1, frost resistance corresponds to brand F2400, and wherein has a high adhesive
strength equal to 3,2 MPa for concrete B40 pavement providing a monolithic composition. This
material also has a high corrosion resistance. The designed repair material has a protective
penetrating ability, thereby increasing the strength of the concrete pavement on 2 classes, and
increasing the frost resistance on 100 cycles. The designed repair and protective material
successfully passed the pilot tests at the seaport territory.
Keywords: road pavement; resistance to abrasion; frost-resistance; corrosion resistance.
Concrete For Road Pavements
Tatyana Boikova, Dmitry Solovyov, Valentina Solovyova
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
To create a high performance road concrete it is advisable to use two complex additives
simultaneously with the aim of increasing concrete density, strength, hardness, corrosion
resistance and durability.
A complex admixture on the basis of a mix of polycarboxylate polymers modified by inorganic
substances including nanostructure elements SiO2×nН2О which are parts of silicic acid was
developed as an admixture of polyfunctional action (activating and plasticizing actions).
To increase crack resistance and tensile strength in bending and to decrease abrasion another
complex admixture on the basis of sparingly soluble salts of magnesium modified by silica with
different particle sizes was developed too.
Concrete with these two additives used in rational quantities is characterized by 58-59% increase
of compressive strength and 83-91% increase of tensile strength in bending, with coefficient of
crack resistance rising by 17-20%. The concrete abrasion corresponds to the G1grade of concrete
and the concrete freeze resistance – to F 2600 grade. The concrete water absorption is reduced by
40%. This increases the concrete density. Corrosion resistance of the modified concrete at the
age of 360 days is raised more than 15%.
The amount of sparingly soluble hydrated compounds is increased when these two additives are
applied together. The concrete designed with given additives is recommended for creation of an
effective pavement.
Keywords: concrete, pavement, crack resistance, freeze resistance, strength, durability.
Application of fiber-reinforced concrete in tram track foundation
V.V. Garbaruk, E.P. Dudkin , V.A. Ivliev
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint Petersburg, 190031,
Russia
Tel.: +7-812-457-8695; fax: +7-812-457-8832. E-mail: [email protected]
The use of polymer fiber-reinforced concrete is one of the most promising trends in tram track
development. It was first successfully used as tram track foundation in 2010-2011. The analysis
of such structures has shown a number of their advantages: reduced construction time, economic
benefits in terms of reducing cost and labour, and construction technology simplification.
Mathematical modelling of structure strength characteristics and field testing specifying the
model parameters are required for the subsequent use of fiber-reinforced concrete as tram track
foundation.
Keywords: fiber-reinforced concrete; tram track design; strength calculation
Session 17
19 May 2017 13:45-15:15
Soil field testing
Evaluation of Engineering Characteristics of Lian-Yan Railway Soft Soil Based on CPTU
Data-A Case Study
Определение инженерных характеристик слабого грунта на линии Lian-Yan Railway
методом статического зондирования
Wei Duan, Songyu Liu, Guojun Cai
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, China
Determination of Sandy Subsoil Stiffness on the Basis of Surface Vibration Measurement
Определение жесткости песчаного грунта на основании измерения вибрации на
поверхности
Wojciech Gosk, Krzysztof Robert Czech
Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
Integration of Pavement Layer Evaluation Using LWD for Road Safety Control
Определение свойств покрытия с помощью дефлектометра для оценки безопасности
движения
Poranic Jitareekul, Auckpath Sawangsuriya , Pruethipong Singhatiraj
Department of Highways, Bangkok, Thailand
Geotechnical parameters of soil, considering the effect of additional compaction of
embankment
Определение геотехнических параметров грунта с учетом дополнительного
уплотнения насыпи
Łukasz Aleksander Kumor, Maciej Kordian Kumor, Monika Kopka
Geomatic and Geotechnical Department, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz,
Bydgoszcz, Poland
Geophysics
Non-invasive portable geophysical tool to monitor water content in earthen long linear
infrastructures
Переносной прибор неразрушающего контроля для оценки содержания воды в
линейных грунтовых сооружениях
S. Utilia, R. Castellanza
b, A. Galli
c, P. Sentenac
d
aUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
bUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
cPolitecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
dUniversity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
Seismic and Geomechanical Monitoring of Transport Infrastructure on Undermined
Territories
Сейсмо-геомеханический контроль транспортных объектов на подрабатываемых
территориях
A.A. Baryakh, I.A. Sanfirov, A.G. Yaroslavtsev
Mining institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Perm
Lithological Profiling of Rocky Slopes Using GeoReader Software Based on the Results of
Ground Penetrating Radar Method
Определение сложения скальных откосов в программном комплексе GeoReader на
основе результатов георадиолокации
V.V. Pupatenko, Y.A. Sukhobok, G.M. Stoyanovich
Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Evaluation of Engineering Characteristics of Lian-Yan Railway Soft Soil Based on CPTU Data-
A Case Study
Wei Duan, Songyu Liu, Guojun Cai
Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Tel.: +86-13913911288; fax: +86-025-83795086.
E-mail: [email protected]
In this paper, the engineering characteristics of the soft soil in Guan-Yun section of Lian-Yan
railway were evaluated based on the CPTU test. The soil layer and classification of soil were
performed by using the multi-functional CPTU test. On the basis of results of the CPTU test, the
in-situ state parameters including the over consolidation ratio and the undrained shear strength
were provided. Simultaneously, the consolidation and permeability characteristics were studied.
The results showed that the silt and mucky soil was slightly overconsolidated and the clay was
overconsolidated. Moreover, the coefficient of permeability was small and the rate of settlement
consolidation was slow. The results revealed that the site engineering conditions were evaluated
more accurately by the multi-function CPTU test technology.
Keywords:CPTU; soilclassification;undrained shear strength;overconsolidation ratio;
consolidation and permeability
Determination of Sandy Subsoil Stiffness on the Basis of Surface Vibration Measurement
Wojciech Gosk, Krzysztof Robert Czech
Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wiejska
45E Street, Bialystok 15-351, Poland
Tel.: +48-501-704-894. E-mail: [email protected]
The main aim of the study is an attempt of determination of the stiffness modulus of sandy
subsoil based on analysis of data recorded during the measurements of vibrations conducted on
the surface of the ground. The procedure proposed in the article is similar, to some extent, to the
method of Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves (SASW). The main difference between the
proposed way and the SASW method is application of a different type of a ground load, the use
of accelerometers instead of geophones and application an backward analysis in place of the
most frequently used in geophysics factored wavelength method. Field tests of acceleration of
vibrations were carried out at measuring points located at a distance of 5 m and 10 m from the
source of vibration. The Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) was the source of
vibration. Measurements of vibration were executed using measuring system produced by
Siemens (LMS Scadas Recorder). The determination of the subsoil stiffness was made on the
basis of obtained results in two ways. The first simple way was based on measuring the time of
movement of the Rayleigh wave between the measuring points. The second way was to use the
own author’s computational program and backward analysis. The program based on the Finite
Difference Method (FDM) enabled the description of wave propagation in the ground under the
impact load. The proposed method allowed the determination of the average values of stiffness
modulus of subsoil G and E. This method can be useful for analysis of the level of vibrations
transmitted to the foundations of buildings. They can also be the basis of determination of the
necessary stiffness parameters for soil-structure interaction analysis in various problems of
dynamics of structures. It can be used to evaluate the stiffness of soil in road embankments. The
method is nondestructive (needs no boreholes) and can be fully automatized.
Keywords: soil stiffness, surface vibrations, vibration measurement, vibration propagation
Integration of Pavement Layer Evaluation Using LWD for Road Safety Control
Poranic Jitareekul, Auckpath Sawangsuriya , Pruethipong Singhatiraj
Department of Highways, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Tel.: +66-85-061-7176. E-mail: [email protected]
As one of Thailand transport policies currently aims to reduce the death rate of road and traffic
accident, the Department of Highways authorities shall involve and raise awareness of the road
construction quality control and its long-term performance. Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD)
is gaining acceptance and popularity over years as the pavement and transportation geotechnics
community is currently moving toward more mechanistic-based design and quality control
evaluation of pavement layers and fill embankment. In this study, the LWD was used to measure
the surface deflection, d, and elastic modulus, ELWD, of pavement layers over 11 highway
construction sites in Thailand as well as to evaluate for the feasible adoption by Thailand
Department of Highways as a construction quality control device on the routine basis. A range of
d and ELWD values for four major types of pavement materials commonly used in Thailand
highway construction including crushed rock base, soil-aggregate subbase, selected material, and
subgrade was reported. The coefficient of variation of the d and ELWD of these pavement
materials ranged from 58 to 77% and 49 to 65%, respectively. Such large variability can be
explained due to the test site, material, testing configuration, moisture content, density, and
compacted thickness. The correction factor applied for different test configurations was also
proposed for practical implications. Finally, the number of empirical relationships between the
measured values from the LWD and basic properties of various pavement materials indicated
that they were generally in agreement with the conceptual relationships. The LWD device was
found to be a quick test for direct measurement of pavement surface deflection and layer moduli
and it was also simple to operate on any pavement layers. Therefore, increasing frequency of
quality control tests can be anticipated, resulting in an improvement in the overall quality of
compacted pavement layers and its long-term performance.
Keywords: light weight deflectometer; surface deflection; elastic modulus; pavement layer;
highway construction
Geotechnical parameters of soil, considering the effect of additional compaction of embankment
Łukasz Aleksander Kumor, Maciej Kordian Kumor, Monika Kopka
Geomatic and Geotechnical Department, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, 7
Kaliskiego Str. 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Tel.: +48-602-309-882. E-mail: [email protected]
The paper presents selected test results obtained during construction of multi-layer soil
embankments. It also provides the analysis of a new geotechnical approach, used for
construction of non-typical soil embankments, which takes into account the effect of additional
compaction of individual layers. The tests were conducted in in-situ conditions. As a result of
compaction of consecutive 30 filling layers with 0.30m in thickness, it was possible to develop a
statistical model allowing to assess the impact of overlying (higher) layers on successive
compaction of a layer of soil incorporated earlier. The obtained results allow for the assessment
of the influence of compaction of the higher layers on the increased soil compaction of the lower
layers.
Keywords: mechanical parameters, multi-layer earth embankments, compaction of bottom layers
by the top layer.
Non-invasive portable geophysical tool to monitor water content in earthen long linear
infrastructures
S. Utilia, R. Castellanza
b, A. Galli
c, P. Sentenac
d
aUniversity of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
bUniversity of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
cPolitecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
dUniversity of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, UK
E-mail: [email protected]
The use of electrical conductivity measurements from a non-invasive hand held electromagnetic
probe is showcased to monitor the water content of earthen embankments at routine inspections.
A methodology to convert the electrical conductivity measurements from the electromagnetic
device into water content values is illustrated. The methodology is based on measuring the soil
electrical conductivity variation with respect to a baseline reference condition and calibrating a
water content – electrical conductivity relationship by comparing electrical conductivity readings
from the electromagnetic probes with water content readings taken from geotechnical probes
installed in a few sections of the embankment.
The values of water content converted from the conductivity measurements according to the
proposed procedure were found to be in very good agreement with independent measures of
water content taken at times well beyond the calibration period.
Keywords: geophysics; health monitoring; electrical conductivity; water content; deterioration;
electromagnetic portable device.
Seismic and Geomechanical Monitoring of Transport Infrastructure on Undermined Territories
A.A. Baryakh, I.A. Sanfirov, A.G. Yaroslavtsev
Mining institute of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Perm,
Sibirskaya str., 78a
E-mail: [email protected]
Development of deposits of water-soluble minerals is connected with the risk of the accidents
caused by the destruction of the waterproof stratum, and, as a consequence, water breakthrough
into the mines. Thereupon, besides the problem of the mine’s loss the problem of stability of the
massif uppermost part appears. This part includes the foundations of buildings and serves as the
base for railways and highways, bridges, dams, pipelines and etc.
At the present stage of remote geophysical techniques of monitoring and prediction of such
negative natural and technic origin, processes methods of high-resolution seismic survey on
reflected waves have been developed most of all. In addition to prompt acquisition of physical
and geological models of the section, the results of seismic observation’s interpretation are
proposed to be used as a part of parametric support for geomechanical calculations, which makes
possible to predict rock mass stability in the range of transport facilities located above the mines.
Keywords: remote monitoring, failures, geomechanics, seismic, karst
Lithological Profiling of Rocky Slopes Using GeoReader Software Based on the Results of
Ground Penetrating Radar Method
V.V. Pupatenko, Y.A. Sukhobok, G.M. Stoyanovich
Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The paper presents the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique for the survey of deforming
rocky slopes of the railway subgrades. The developed software GeoReader allows the delineation
of the boundaries in soils, which compose the slope, and definition of the possible slip surface.
We have summarized the results of the use of the technique in certain sections of the Far Eastern
Railway.
The current level of development in the sphere of geo-survey does not allow for the complete
abandonment of costly and labor-intensive conventional survey techniques, such as boring.
Nevertheless, in the near future geophysical methods will be able to provide complete
information on the object of investigation.
Keywords: ground penetrating radar, common-offset reflection survey, common-midpoint
method, subgrade
Session 18
19 May 2017 13:45-15:15
Geotechnical monitoring
Geotechnical and structural monitoring solutions
Решения для мониторинга состояния геотехнических сооружений и строительных
конструкций
Lorenzo Magni
Sisgeo Srl, Milano, Italy
Structural health and geotechnical monitoring during transport objects construction and
maintenance (Saint-Petersburg example)
Мониторинг при строительстве и эксплуатации транспортных объектов (на примере
Санкт-Петербурга)
Andrei Belyi, Eduard Karapetov, Yurii Efimenko
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Bridges and viaducts monitoring
Мониторинг мостов и виадуков
Lorenzo Magni
Sisgeo Srl, Milano, Italy
Geodetic monitoring of deformation of building surrounding an underground construction
Геодезический мониторинг деформаций зданий, окружающих подземное сооружение,
возводимое открытым способом
M.J. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St.Petersburg, Russia
Application of laser scanning technology in geotechnical works on reconstruction of draw
spans of the Palace Bridge in Saint Petersburg
Применение технологии лазерного сканирования в геотехнических работах при
реконструкции разводных пролетов Дворцового моста в Санкт-Петербурге
N.V. Kanashin, A.A. Nikitchin, E.S. Svintsov
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St.Petersburg, Russia
Monitoring of transport tunnel deformation at the construction stage
Мониторинг деформаций транспортных тоннелей на стадии строительства
M.Y. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova, A.A. Nikitchin
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St.Petersburg, Russia
Monitoring of deformation processes in buildings and structures in metropolises
Мониторинг деформационных процессов при эксплуатации зданий и сооружений в
условиях мегаполиса
M.G. Mustafin, V.A. Valkov, A.I. Kazantsev
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Monitoring of quarry slope deformations with the use of satellite positioning technology
and unmanned aerial vehicles
Эффективные методы создания координатной основы для мониторинга линейных
сооружений
D.V.Beregovoi, J.A.Younes, M.G.Mustafin
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Structural health and geotechnical monitoring during transport objects construction and
maintenance (Saint-Petersburg example)
Andrei Belyi, Eduard Karapetov, Yurii Efimenko
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovsky pr.,9, Saint-Petersburg 190031,
Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
A considerable part of St. Petersburg transport objects demands special approaches to their
technical condition management on all lifecycle stages due to city construction and operation
specifics. Among them there are negative factors (climatic and technogenic nature) that are
actively influencing constructions technical condition.
Up-to-date diagnostic approach is various examples of monitoring systems implemented on city
transport objects: bridges, tunnels, embankments and mound constructions, as well as separate
elements of transport infrastructure. In particular, Bolshoi Ilyinsky Bridge and Gorelovsky
overpass.
As a successful example of combination of geotechnical monitoring methods and structural
health monitoring the method of technical condition control of the transport tunnel under the
river Smolenka as a part of the central section of the Western High-Speed Diameter (WHSD) in
St. Petersburg offered by authors is presented in this article.
Keywords:transport objects; megapolis maintenance specifics; technical condition; structural
health monitoring; geotechnical monitoring
Geodetic monitoring of deformation of building surrounding an underground construction
M.J. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.Petersburg 190031,
Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The article presents special aspects of geodetic monitoring of deformations of buildings
surrounding an underground construction. Special focus is on the question of establishment,
design and control of geodetic control network. It is suggested that geodetic control network
should be fixed with tape reflectors onto side surfaces of surrounding buildings, located out of
zone of possible deformations. Optimal location of control stations should be chosen using
analytic hierarchy process and with the account of maximum convenience of work performance.
The article deals with the most preferable methods of geodetic observations to control vertical
and horizontal deformations of context area buildings. Geodetic control of horizontal
deformations should be done by the method of free stationing, whereas geodetic control of
vertical deformations – by the method of geometric leveling using digital levels. Supplied
theoretical developments are illustrated by the example of 2nd stage of the Mariinsky Opera and
Ballet Theatre in St. Petersburg.
Keywords: underground construction, geodetic monitoring, geodetic control network, method of
free station position, deformations
Application of laser scanning technology in geotechnical works on reconstruction of draw spans
of the Palace Bridge in Saint Petersburg
N.V. Kanashin, A.A. Nikitchin, E.S. Svintsov
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.Petersburg 190031,
Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The article describes the experience of applying technology of terrestrial laser scanning in
geotechnical works while reconstructing the Palace Bridge in St. Petersburg. Engineering-
geodetic work required the survey of draw span pier including its external elements and internal
space with all equipment and machines, as well as the coordination of control points of the
equipment attaching the truss about wing axis. The survey network included 2 stages. At the first
stage we created its geodetic quadrangle framework the points of which were fixed by marks of
temporary fixation – dowels driven into the draw span piers. For the survey extension was
performed which required coordinates transmission (done by using polar resections) into each
pier through their technological windows and passages. The survey network points inside the
piers were fixed by scanner benchmarks. The survey was performed by terrestrial laser scanners.
The main aim of the survey was 3D models of the structures. Modeling of the structure elements
was done by integrating rigid-body geometric primitives into the point model being the result of
the survey. Rigid-body geometric primitives were created as a pattern of one of Autodesk
AutoCAD elements.
Keywords: bridge structures survey; terrestrial laser scanning; 3D modeling.
Monitoring of transport tunnel deformation at the construction stage
M.Y. Bryn, D.A. Afonin, N.N. Bogomolova, A.A. Nikitchin
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.Petersburg 190031,
Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The analysis of normative documents related to geodetic support of transport tunnel construction
showed that for now there are no integral monitoring methods providing surface tunnel structure
observation. Therefore, the authors substantiate a new technological scheme of geodetic
monitoring of portal parts of a tunnel under construction. To collect data about displacements of
tunnel portal structures it is suggested that control points should be fixed by reflective tape or
rotating prisms, and their coordinates should be located in an object’s coordinate system. It is
suggested that an original geodetic base should be fixed as geodetic points of forced centering
out of zone of virtual deformations. Deformation control benchmarks heights should be
measured by trigonometric leveling. It is shown that RMS error in measuring the heights of
points of geodetic monitoring network should not exceed 4mm. It is found that required accuracy
in network building can be provided by III class leveling. To collect data about the depth of
weak soils, located close to tunnel portals, as well as the borderlines of their sliding, it is for the
first time suggested that surveys should be conducted using borehole inclinometer. The research
proves that on pre-portal sites boreholes should be placed close to the group of deformation
control benchmarks.
Keywords: geodetic monitoring, transport tunnels.
Monitoring of deformation processes in buildings and structures in metropolises
M.G. Mustafin, V.A. Valkov, A.I. Kazantsev
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21-st line V.O., 2, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The work deals with the issues of safe construction and operation of buildings in metropolises.
One way to do that is to control deformation processes during construction of a new object near
the existing buildings. Normative methods are focused only on the measurement of displacement
of deformation control benchmarks put on the protected object. Emphasis is made on the
necessity of performing geodetic observations over deformations of the earth's surface. There are
results of numerical simulation of soil deformation near the pits. A method of observation with
implementation of different technological tacheometry schemes was developed. Second method
was used for monitoring of high-rise buildings. The concept of "high-rise building" was given an
explanation. Monitoring was performed by means of laser-scanning technology. Observation
methodology implies comparison of location of flat elements of the triangulation model of the
object in space at each measurement cycle. There are examples provided.
Keywords: monitoring, deformation, buildings and structures, high-rise building, geodetic
observations
Monitoring of quarry slope deformations with the use of satellite positioning technology and
unmanned aerial vehicles
D.V.Beregovoi, J.A.Younes, M.G.Mustafin
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21-st line V.O., 2, 199106, Saint Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
In the article we describe the method of arrangement of monitoring of pit slopes deformations,
which differs significantly from the traditional (statutory) approaches. We use modern methods
of observation: satellite positioning technology and air drones. The original technology of
satellite measurements is used to provide control stations, to which subsequently survey points
using air drones are connected. Point cloud is optimized leaving the required amount. Irregular
filtering is applied, which is the basis for the pit models. Potential danger zones of pit slope,
which are compared during observations cycles, are allocated on the basis of modeling of the
deformed rock condition. This method allows using digital models of centimeter accuracy.
Keywords: deformation monitoring, displacements, coordinates, satellite positioning technology,
air drones, a digital model
Session 19
19 May 2017 15:30-17:00
Interaction of soil and engineering structures
Geological-engineering and geotechnical issues concerning the function of the railway
bridge across the Amgun’ river operated by the Far Eastern Railway
Инженерно-геологические и геотехнические аспекты функционирования моста через
р. Амгунь, эксплуатирующегося на Дальневосточной железной дороге
Kvashuk S.V., Smyshlyaev B.N.
Far East State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
Analysis of bridge foundation damage in Albania
Анализ дефектов оснований мостов в Албании
Mirva Gegaa, Luljeta Bozo
b
aRr.Ismail Qemali, Tirana 1019, Albania
bPolis University, Tirana 2995, Kashar Tirana, Albania
Solution of the Problem of Providing Railway Track Stability in Joint Sections Between
Railroad Facilities and Subgrade
Вариант решения проблемы обеспечения стабильности железнодорожного пути в
зоне стыковки искусственных сооружений с земляным полотном
G.M. Stoyanovicha, V.V. Pupatenko
a , D.Y. Maleev
a, K.V. Zmeev
b
aFar Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
bKhabarovsk center of track span lines and machinery of PDO I JSC “Russian Railways”
Khabarovsk, Russia
Design Method of Bridge Approach Improved by Deep Mixing Methods in Highway
Engineering
Проектирование подхода к мосту с применением метода глубокого перемешивания
грунта
Deng Yongfenga, Jing Fei
a, Feng Qi
b
aSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R.China
bSchool of Resource and Environment Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei
230009, P.R.China
The soil effect to efforts in rails of continuous welded rail track on bridges
Влияние грунтов на усилия в рельсах бесстыкового пути на мостах
V. N. Smirnova, A.O. Dyachenko
a, L.K. Dyachenko
a, L.A. Andreeva
b
a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St.Petersburg, Russia
bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, Moscow, Russia
The study of subgrade operating conditions at bridge abutment approach
Исследование условий работы грунтов земляного полотна в зоне примыкания
насыпи к устоям мостов
Dmitry Serebryakov a, Anastasia Konon
a, Evgeniy Zaitsev
b
a Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation bPetersburg State University of civil aviation, Pilotov Str., 38, St. Petersburg, 196210, Russian
Federation
Geotechnical aspects of security for long-operated underground collectors in conditions of
weak soils and increasing technogenic influences
Геотехнические аспекты обеспечения безопасности длительно-эксплуатируемых
подземных коллекторов в условиях слабых грунтов и возрастающих техногенных
воздействий при развитии мегаполисов
Perminov A.N.a , Perminov N.A.
b
a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
b SUE "Lengiproinzhproject", Saint Petersburg, Russia,
Geological-engineering and geotechnical issues concerning the function of the railway bridge
across the Amgun’ river operated by the Far Eastern Railway
Kvashuk S.V., Smyshlyaev B.N.
Far East State Transport University, 47 Seryshev Str., Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The operation of transport structures in the Russian Far East is characterized by specific common
features. The majority of engineering structures were built predominantly in the first half of the
20th century. Their construction employed simple technologies based on manual labor which
often resulted in inferior quality of work. In addition, the factors that aggravate the operational
reliability of the bridges are the severe climatic and complicated geological-engineering
conditions of the regions under consideration. The authors have analyzed the results of
monitoring the current status of the operating unclassified bridge structure and its geological
environment. The analysis has shown major destructive geological-engineering factors that cause
deformations and defects in the bridge supports and spans. The authors have provided a
qualitative and quantitative forecast on the bridge operation performance taking consideration of
the prospective increment in live load and railway traffic intensity.
Keywords: destructive geological processes and impacts; span and bridge support condition;
bearing capacity; forecast.
Analysis of bridge foundation damage in Albania
Mirva Gegaa, Luljeta Bozo
b
aRr.Ismail Qemali, Tirana 1019, Albania
bPolis University, Tirana 2995, Kashar Tirana, Albania
E-mail: [email protected]
Albania is a mountain-hill territory with many water currents such as rivers, small springs, etc.
Therefore, the use of various bridge structures such as wood, metal, reinforced concrete, and
suspension has been crucial for the realization of road connections as solution for passage.
Political changes over the last 26 years have been accompanied by discordance in the
implementation of existing norms and construction maintenance regulations, with a tentative to
implement the Eurocodes together with the old Albanian codes. The problems created by this
confusion were worsened by natural and human interference causing foundation damage to the
bridge structures in Albania. These problems have mainly been investigated following river
fence destructions, flooding, earthquake, and landslide activities. In this paper we have the goal
to perform damage analysis on some bridges by following the method of geological and climatic
investigations accompanied by human activity impact that could be their cause of damage. The
main natural factors contributing to the damage of bridge foundations are geological and
hydrogeological conditions, erosion, and alteration while the human factors are river bed
excavation close to the bridge foundations, damage of river fences, and uncontrolled industrial
waste discharge. As a result some recommendation on the solution of damage will be introduced.
Keywords:foundation damage; damage analysis; geological investigation
Solution of the Problem of Providing Railway Track Stability in Joint Sections Between Railroad
Facilities and Subgrade
G.M. Stoyanovicha, V.V. Pupatenko
a , D.Y. Maleev
a, K.V. Zmeev
b
aFar Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, Russia
bKhabarovsk center of track span lines and machinery of PDO I JSC “Russian Railways”
Khabarovsk, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The paper presents the results of design, implementation and operational observations of
nonstandard track structures with variable stiffness in joint sections of bridges and tunnels with
regular subgrade. Technical and economic efficiency evaluation based on long-term real data
analysis was carried out.
It was experimentally confirmed that the sub-rail base stiffness changes reach 5-8 times, force
unevenness exists and intensive residual deformations accumulate on the approaches to bridges
and tunnels under passing trains. Several designs of reinforced concrete slabs, frames and
monolithic concrete were developed to smoothly change the stiffness, reduce intensive
accumulations of residual deformations. Empiric relationships between the development of
settlements within the structures of variable stiffness and the tonnage passed were found.
Additional technical decisions were proposed to improve the performance of the structures
invented. Maintenance of track approaches to bridges and tunnels cost reduction was proven.
Keywords: sub-rail base modulus of elasticity; variable stiffness; subsidence; efficiency; rigid
layer
Design Method of Bridge Approach Improved by Deep Mixing Methods in Highway
Engineering
Deng Yongfenga, Jing Fei
a, Feng Qi
b
aSchool of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R.China
bSchool of Resource and Environment Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei
230009, P.R.China
E-mail: [email protected]
The deep mixing method was usually adopted to improve the thick deposited soft clay
foundation in highway engineering, especially in the bridge approach section. In these projects,
the uneven foundation was artificially formed which may cause the different settlement after the
embankment operation. To solve this problem, there are two methods usually employed, i.e. (1)
changing the column spacing and (2) changing column length, but there is not symmetric
solution. In this paper, the control standard of the different slope ratio is first discussed, and then
the FEM simulations of the above two methods were performed considering a lot of combination
geological and highway cases. The results show that the probabilistic model based on the
relationship between the maximum slope different slope ratio and the stiffness ratio and the
column length ratio could overcome this problem. Finally, the empirical design methods
controlling the relative stiffness ratio and the relative length ratio were proposed.
Keywords: Design method; Bridge approach; Deep mixing method; maximum slope different
slope ratio
The soil effect to efforts in rails of continuous welded rail track on bridges
V. N. Smirnova, A.O. Dyachenko
a, L.K. Dyachenko
a, L.A. Andreeva
b
a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, Moskovskiy pr., 9, St.Petersburg 190031,
Russia bPROMTRANSNIIPROEKT, 119331, Vernadskogo prospekt, 29, Moscow, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The present work contains the results of studies devoted to determining the effect of the stiffness
of bridge piers in the plane of the bridge structures on the longitudinal forces in the rails welded
rails on the bridge. The calculations used the finite element method. As a design scheme of the
receiving system “bridge-jointlesstrack”, and spans were assumed to be riding on the ballast, so
that the connection between the rail and the rail base were made of elastic-plastic. As a result of
the analysis revealed the dependence of the longitudinal forces in the rails welded rails on the
bridge of stiffness parameters bridge supports. In particular, we studied the influence of the
stiffness of soil at the base of the supports efforts in the rails of the deck with welded through.
Keywords:rails, jointless track, bridge, stiffness, piers, soil
The study of subgrade operating conditions at bridge abutment approach
Dmitry Serebryakov a, Anastasia Konon
a, Evgeniy Zaitsev
b
a Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russian Federation bPetersburg State University of civil aviation, Pilotov Str., 38, St. Petersburg, 196210, Russian
Federation
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
There is an ongoing problem of interaction between bridges and rail tracks. Interaction zones
suffer early failure because of sudden stiffness change. There are some ways to equalize uneven
stiffness – geogrid and geopier reinforcement, cement treatment, using of concrete boxes filled
with crushed stone, using ballast glue / bond and so on. The presented study is devoted to
oscillation distribution in subgrade at bridge abutment approach. Occurring oscillation was
described with vibratory displacement amplitudes. Test sites had versatile stiffness structures –
geogrid reinforcement and concrete boxes filled with crushed stone.
Keywords: bridge transition zone; geogrid reinforcement; oscillation; vibratory displacement
Geotechnical aspects of security for long-operated underground collectors in conditions of weak
soils and increasing technogenic influences
Perminov A.N.a , Perminov N.A.
b
a Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, [email protected], St. Petersburg, Russia
b SUE "Lengiproinzhproject", perminov-n@mailru, Saint Petersburg, Russia,
Intensive development of megalopolises calls the need for sustainable functioning of facilities of
the underground urban infrastructure. The special protection against technogenic influence is
required for long operated tunnel sewage collectors related to the structures of high level of
responsibility.
This article, based on extensive materials of 30 years of experience in studying the work of the
tunnel collectors in conditions of weak soils and intense external static and dynamic influences,
describes new methods of diagnosing their technical condition, classification features of defects
of the tunnel construction, and methods of determining the residual life of their bearing capacity,
as well as the results of modeling the collaboration "tunnel – geomassif" system work at various
static and dynamic loads and comparison with experimental data on experimental objects.
Keywords: tunnel collectors, protective measures, geotechnical monitoring.
Session 20
19 May 2017 15:30-17:00
Techniques of earth foundation strengthening
Polymers for stabilization of soft clay soils
Полимеры для стабилизации слабых глинистых грунтов
M. Mirzababaeia, A. Arulrajah
b, M. Ouston
c
aCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
bSwinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
cCentral Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
Engineering properties of carbonated reactive magnesia-stabilized silt under different
activity index
Инженерные свойства сатурированного активного ила, стабилизированного окидом
магния, при разной степени активности
Liu Song-Yua, Cai Guang-Hua
a, Du Yan-Jun
a, Zhu Heng
b, Wang Ping
b
aInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, China.
bNanjing Dong Da Geotechnical Engineering Technology Co. LTD, China.
Experimental research of spatial variation of compaction effect on vibratory probe
compaction method for ground improvement
Лабораторное исследование пространственного изменения эффекта уплотнения при
методе уплотнения вибрационным зондированием для упрочнения грунта
Yuan Chenga,b,c
, Hehua Zhua, Fei Jing
c, Guangyin Du
c , Chao Yan
d, Zhibin Liu
c
aCollege of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
bSuzhou Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215004, China
cInstitute of geotechnical engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
dCollege of engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
Study of phosphates use in electrochemical treatment of water-saturated argillaceous soils
Исследование возможности применения фосфатных соединений для
электрохимической обработки водонасыщенных глинистых грунтов
ViktorV. Ganchits, Viktoriia A. Cherniaeva
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Soil Reinforcement And Detoxication By Means Of Mineral Binder Systems
Укрепление и детоксикация грунтов минеральными вяжущими системами
Kristina Malchevskaya, Antonina Sakharova , Alexandr Kabanov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Influence of chemical additives on shrinkage and swelling characteristics of bentonite clay
Влияние химических добавок на характеристики усадки и набухания бентонитовой
глины
M.V. Shaha , H.J. Pandya
b, A.D. Shukla
c
aApplied Mechanics, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-380015, India
b Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, DD University, Nadiad, India
c SSCSSN, Research Laboratory, DD University, Nadiad, India
Polymers for stabilization of soft clay soils
M. Mirzababaeia, A. Arulrajah
b, M. Ouston
c
aCentral Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
bSwinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
cCentral Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
Tel.: +61-03-96160626. E-mail: [email protected]
In this study, the influence of two chemical additives, (i.e., poly(vinyl alcohol), PVA and 1,2,3,4
Butane Tetra Carboxylic Acid, BTCA on the engineering properties of an expansive clay soil is
investigated. The effect of polymers on the unconfined compression strength of soil samples
prepared at maximum dry unit weight (i.e., 16.2 kN/m3 and 17% water content) and a lower dry
unit weight (i.e. 10.8 kN/m3 and 48% water content) was evaluated. PVA and BTCA added at
dosages of 0.1% to 1.5% and 0.1% to 0.5% respectively to both compacted soil samples and
cured for 1 and 14 days. The results of unconfined compression tests on clay soil samples
stabilized with different PVA and BTCA contents cured for 1 and 14 days indicated that such
hydrophilic polymers improve the compression strength of both dense and soft clay soils
significantly and their strength even increases with curing time. However, the efficiency of the
additives is highly dependent on the unit weight of the soil. Furthermore, the durability of
stabilized samples was also examined using soaking tests and results revealed that these
polymers improve the durability of clay soils once they are soaked under water.
Keywords: Soft clay soils; Unconfined compression strength test; Strain energy; Poly(vinyl
alcohol); 1,2,3,4 Butane Tetra Carboxylic Acid
Engineering properties of carbonated reactive magnesia-stabilized silt under different activity
index
Liu Song-Yua, Cai Guang-Hua
a, Du Yan-Jun
a, Zhu Heng
b, Wang Ping
b
aInstitute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
bNanjing Dong Da Geotechnical Engineering Technology Co. LTD, Nanjing, 210018, China.
Tel.: +86-025-83795086; fax: +86-025-83795086.
E-mail: [email protected]
Engineering properties of soft soils can gain great improvement through the addition of reactive
magnesia (MgO) and further carbonation of substantial gaseous CO2 absorbed. The paper
studies the influence of MgO activity index on engineering properties of the carbonated silt with
different water-MgO ratio. The engineering properties are investigated mainly through
unconfined compression tests, and then the strength development are explained by the scanning
electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of
carbonated MgO-stabilized soils were greatly influenced by MgO activity index and water-MgO
ratio, and the unconfined compressive strength of reactive MgO-stabilized soil has increased
obviously after CO2 carbonation. With increasing MgO activity index and reducing water-MgO
ratio, the unconfined compressive strength increased, and the failure mode of carbonated
specimens approximately changes from elastic-plastic to brittleness as well as their failure strain
mainly ranges between 0.5% and 2.3%. The deformation modulus of carbonated silt generally
increases with increasing unconfined compressive strength, and the ratio of the deformation
modulus to unconfined compressive strength is about 35 to 150. A simplified equation with
combining MgO activity index and water-MgO ratio is proposed for accurately predicting the
unconfined compressive strength of carbonated MgO-stabilized soils. Moreover, the
microstructural characteristics explain the strength gain of carbonated MgO-stabilized soils.
Keywords: reactive magnesia; activity index; soft soil; carbonation; engineering properties.
Experimental research of spatial variation of compaction effect on vibratory probe compaction
method for ground improvement
Yuan Chenga,b,c
, Hehua Zhua, Fei Jing
c, Guangyin Du
c , Chao Yan
d, Zhibin Liu
c
aCollege of civil engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
bSuzhou Rail Transit Group Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215004, China
cInstitute of geotechnical engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
dCollege of engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
Tel.: +86-25-83795086; fax: +86-25-83795086.
E-mail: [email protected]
In order to demonstrate effectiveness of vibratory probe compaction at silt deposit, a self-
developed vibratory probe with cross section and compaction equipment were adopted to treat
silt deposit at Suqian-Xinyi Expressway liquefiable site in China. Field pilot tests were
conducted to study spatial variation of compaction effect. It is shown that strength increase at
vibration point is largest after ground improvement, while a small increase occured at 1m, but
not 2m from vibration point. The radial influence range and effective reinforcement radius are
2m and 1m. The largest settlement is in a zone within a radius about twice the probe diameter.
The major settlement occurred immediately after compaction, slightly increased with time.
Keywords: vibratory probe compaction; vibratory probe with cross section; spatial variation
Study of phosphates use in electrochemical treatment of water-saturated argillaceous soils
ViktorV. Ganchits, Viktoriia A. Cherniaeva
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University, Saint-Petersburg, 190031,
Russia
Tel.:+7 -812-407-43-40; fax: +7-812-407-43-40
E-mail: [email protected]
This article covers laboratory and field studies dealing with interaction between phosphorus acid
compounds and argillaceous soils when exposed to DC electrical field. The formulations and
methods of electrolyte introduction are described which provide a uniform improvement of soils
across the whole inter-electrode space. Determined maximal uniformity of improvement was
demonstrated by the soil sample treated with 5 % ZnO. The highest strength of 0.89 MPa in the
anode zone and uniform soil improvement was reached using electrolyte with density of 1.12
g/cm3.
Keywords:Electro chemical, Sandy clay, Electro-osmosis
Soil Reinforcement And Detoxication By Means Of Mineral Binder Systems
Kristina Malchevskaya, Antonina Sakharova , Alexandr Kabanov
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University (PGUPS), Moskovsky pr. 9, St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
Tel.: +7-904-643-2110. E-mail: [email protected]
In the paper the problem of pollution of the railway ballast by heavy metals is considered. Heavy
metals migrate into the soil under the action of precipitation and acid rain. Environmental
pollution caused by heavy metal ions is particularly hazardous. Unlike other pollutants in soils
the heavy metal ions reserve for a long time even after removal of the pollution source. The
ability of heavy metal ions to migrate to soil, into the underground, ground and surface water, to
accumulate in food leads to the need of consideration of their impact on human health. Heavy
metals are carcinogenic. To solve this ecological problem we offer to reinforce contaminated
ballast by means of binder systems having geoecoprotective properties against heavy metal ions.
Keywords: heavy metals ions, railway track, ballast, binder systems, geoecoprotective properties.
Influence of chemical additives on shrinkage and swelling characteristics of bentonite clay
M.V. Shaha , H.J. Pandya
b, A.D. Shukla
c
aApplied Mechanics, L.D. College of Engineering, Ahmedabad-380015, India
b Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, DD University, Nadiad, India
c SSCSSN, Research Laboratory, DD University, Nadiad, India
E-mail address: [email protected]
The montmorillonite clays were modified with Coco-amidopropylene betaine (CAPB) and
Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) having different alkyl chain lengths and also modified with
Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) having a the benzyl substitute group had to reduce the swelling
and shrinkage characteristics of montmorillonite clay. The modified organo clays were
characterized by different analytical techniques. After knowing swelling and shrinkage
characteristic of montmorillonite clay, it will be treated with three chemical admixtures i.e.
Cocamidoproply betaine (CAPB), Benzalkoniumchloride (BKC), Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)
at different proportion i.e. 1%, 1% and 3% respectively. Those chemicals have a good potential
for use in geotechnical applications with proper use of soil-chemistry interaction and its possible
perceptions on clay surface in relation to moisture variation.
Keywords: Shrinkage, swelling, bentonite, chemical additives, water wettability
Session 21
19 May 2017 15:30-17:00
Geotechnical modelling
Usage of the «BRNL-FT» program for foundation calculation using the method of the
predefined equated soil settlements
Использование программы «BRNL-FT» для расчёта фундаментов по одинаковой
задаваемой осадке
Alekseev S.I., Kondrat'ev S.O.
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Prediction of natural and technogenic negative processes based on the analysis of relief and
geological structure
Прогнозирование природных и техногенных негативных процессов на основе
изучения особенностей рельефа и геологического строения территорий
A.A. Kuzin, E.N. Grishchenkova, M.G. Mustafin
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
The impact of engineering-geologic conditions on the development of railway subgrade
design solutions
Влияние инженерно-геологических характеристик на развитие технических
решений железнодорожного земляного полотна
Alpysova V.A., Bushuev N.S., Shkurnikov S.V., Shulman D.O.
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Design and construction of transport facilities
Engineering and geological audit in design and construction of linear transport facilities
Инженерно-геологический аудит при проектировании и строительстве линейных
транспортных объектов
M.E. Nikulina, D.N. Gorobtsov, V.V Pendin
Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze, Moscow, Russia
Forecast for Terms of Culvert Inspection and Repair
Прогнозирование сроков обследования и ремонта водопропускных труб
M. G. Ryumin, E.S. Shepitko
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Moscow, Russia
Transport interchanges design features in seismically dangerous and densely built-up areas
Особенности проектирования транспортных развязок в сейсмически опасных
районах в условиях плотной городской застройки
Serebryakov D.V., Lebedeva V.G., Govorov V.V.
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
Justification and expansion of spheres of application of the tram
Обоснование и расширение сфер применения трамвая
E.P. Dudkin, K.A. Smirnov, S.A. Doronicheva
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Method of tram track structures feasibility study
Методика технико-экономического обоснования конструкции трамвайных путей
E.P. Dudkin, E.N. Zaitsev, S.V. Kolankov
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Usage of the «BRNL-FT» program for foundation calculation using the method of the predefined
equated soil settlements
Alekseev S.I., Kondrat'ev S.O.
Emperor Alexander I St.Petersburg State Transport University, Moskovsky pr., 9, Saint
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The article considers the use of developed software, which is designed for spread foundation
calculation using proposed method of predefined (by project designer) equated settlements. This
method allows to decrease differential settlements to minimum acceptable value and to prevent
the emergence of settlement cracks in building structures. Problem statement: Modern
calculation of soils (according to the Russian building code «SP 22.13330.2011») limits an
actual soil pressure Pi by means of design resistance of a soil R. At the same time the pressure
range (R<Pi<Pult) is not widely used. This circumstance makes actual development of the spread
foundation calculation method using specified pressure range. The purpose of the article is to
improve the spread foundation calculation method in respect of reduction of difficulty to apply
of proposed method by developing the software. Basics: Proposed method of foundation design
is based on the nonlinearity coefficient of elasto-plastic deformation of soil and is used in the
developed program «BRNL-FT». This program allows designing new and reconstructed
foundations. Conclusion: «BRNL-FT» allows designing foundations on the soils, which are at
the nonlinear stage of deformation. Consideration of the nonlinear stage makes possible to take
more economical design solutions and promotes development of the resource-saving
technologies in foundation engineering.
Keywords: settlement computation, foundation tilt, predefined equated soil settlement
Prediction of natural and technogenic negative processes based on the analysis of relief and
geological structure
A.A. Kuzin, E.N. Grishchenkova, M.G. Mustafin
Saint-Petersburg Mining University, 21 line V.O., 2, Saint-Petersburg 199106, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The article presents research on predicting landslides of different origin; also addressed an
important question of spatial specification of earth surface displacement in undermining areas.
Normative and methodological sources have no concrete solutions to these issues for a variety of
territory conditions. For prediction of natural landslides used digital elevation models built on
the basis of the airborne laser scanning data. Dangerous areas are modeled on the landslide
potential and with neural network analysis. Suggested the technique of technogenic landslide
prediction. Determined the influence of landslide curvature parameter (in horizontal plane) on
the basis of numerical 3D simulations. Showed technological schemes of pit edge deformation
observations. Described the technique of instrumental observations on the spatial determination
of earth surface subsidence zone in undermining. Used laser scanning system. Dynamic
visualization of the earth surface is implemented in 3ds Max.
Keywords: landslides, pit edge, deformations, displacement trough.
The impact of engineering-geologic conditions on the development of railway subgrade design
solutions
Alpysova V.A., Bushuev N.S., Shkurnikov S.V., Shulman D.O.
Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University. 9, Moskovsky av., St.
Petersburg, 190031, Russia
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
An analysis of hydro-meteorological and engineering-geological conditions of the Russia’s
Eastern Siberia and the Far East is provided in the article.
To assess the disruptive effect of earthquakes on the railway track elements a unified parameter
is selected – the magnitude of admissible stress σr. A multi-factor research is conducted for the
fixed seismicity value of 8 points. The analysis of stability is based on the formula by G.M.
Shakhunyants accounting for seismicity.
Basing on the analysis performed the optimal design solutions for embankments with account of
soil conditions and earthquake effects are proposed. Recommendations for the embankment
structure’s optimization are given.
Keywords: Subgrade, permafrost soil, seismicity, seismic resistance, damping layer, multiple
classification analysis
Engineering and geological audit in design and construction of linear transport facilities
M.E. Nikulina, D.N. Gorobtsov, V.V Pendin
Russian State Geological Prospecting University n. a. Sergo Ordzhonikidze (MSGU-RSGPU),
Miklouho-Maklay's street 23, Moscow 117997, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
At present the quality assessment methodology of engineering and geological researches results
does not exist. The article describes this problem on the example of linear facilities. To deal with
this problem we propose to use the methodology of engineering and geological audit. It will
allow regulating different types of activities on the design and construction stages. It will also let
getting objective information about studied facility. Through the establishment of quality system
we are reaching the needed quality level of engineering and geological investigations. This
system is a set of management solutions and methodologies. The system allows exploring the
engineering structures without risks. Besides, in this work we give the reason of the audit using.
We demonstrate it on the basis of the analysis modern methods of control surveys and their main
disadvantages. Practical importance of the audit is given on the example of linear object design
and construction. The audit allow to reduce material costs and increase the safety of engineering
structures maintenance, regardless of their responsibility level and complexity of engineering
and geological conditions.
Keywords: engineering and geological audit; engineering researches; quality assessment system;
transport facilities; control.
Forecast for Terms of Culvert Inspection and Repair
M. G. Ryumin, E.S. Shepitko
Moscow State University of Railway Engineering, Obraztsova st., 9, bld. 9, 127994, Moscow,
Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Culverts which were built in different years, by different organizations and of different types of
materials are one of the most important elements of railways and highways. The culverts work
jointly with the foundation and roadbed grounds, thus degeneration processes in pipes and
culverts has a direct influence on the safety and reliability of the transport object they belong to.
Consequently, importance of the technical condition estimation and forecast increases. The
repair of the underground objects requires significant financial expenses that can be avoided by
proper forecast for terms of culver repair.
The method of the forecast for terms of railway and highway culverts inspection and repair based
on fuzzy logic is presented in this paper. The degradation rate that depends on the culvert age
and technical condition is obtained as a result.
The considered approach allows planning the terms of culverts inspection and repairing
reasonably, that significantly increases the safety of the transportation objects and decreases the
maintenance expenses.
Keywords: forecast for condition; fuzzy logic; degradation rate; roadbed; foundation grounds
Transport interchanges design features in seismically dangerous and densely built-up areas
Serebryakov D.V., Lebedeva V.G., Govorov V.V.
Emperor Alexander I State Transport University, St. Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The article describes design peculiar properties of multi-level transport interchange in
Karasunsky administrative district of the city of Krasnodar city with a roundabout location at the
intersection at a higher level and organization of tram rail traffic in ramp. The interchange is
designed with maximum convenience for drivers and passengers of all modes of transport. The
project combines modern technological solutions, which is allowed to realize project in a
seismically dangerous area in conditions of dense building. The use of seismic isolation and
strengthening of the structure with proper design ensures the reliability of structures and the
absence of necessary rehabilitation works after an earthquake.
Keywords: multi-level interchange; seismic; tram; embankment; technological solutions
Justification and expansion of spheres of application of the tram
E.P. Dudkin, K.A. Smirnov, S.A. Doronicheva
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-
Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
The modern constructions of tram tracks are very various. Presently at construction, repair and
current maintenance of the tracks it is important to consider not only economic indicators
(capital and operating costs) and technical features (speed, carrying capacity, travel time), but
esthetic attractiveness. Lately much attention is given to the ecological factors (noise, vibration
and environmental pollution). Especially this is important to consider in historical districts. This
article is devoted to choosing of the most effective type of public passenger transport, methods
of ground of usable area of tram and ways of their expansion, taking into account the stated
factors. For justification of such decisions is proposed the mathematical model and calculation of
the integral of the discounted cost of the three designs of tram ways, at different solving these
problems. Also in this work identifies the main actions for increase of competitiveness and
efficiency of investments into modernization of existing and construction of new tram lines,
which allows to significantly expand the scope of its application.
Keywords: public passenger transport, noise, vibration, environmental pollution, construction of
tram way
Method of tram track structures feasibility study
E.P. Dudkin, E.N. Zaitsev, S.V. Kolankov
Emperor Alexander I Petersburg Railroads State University, Moscow avenue 9, Saint-
Petersburg, Russia
Civil Aviation Petersburg State University, Pilotov street 38, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
E-mail: [email protected]
Тhe article deals with assessment of the economic efficiency of different tram track structures.
The analysis of currently used performance indicators is performed. And the use of these
indicators to a simple payback period is justified It is recommended to calculate a simple
payback period on the basis of the modified methodology for assessing reduced costs, as
determined by budgetary financing of these projects. The possibility of evaluating a simple
payback period of investment analytical and graph-analytic methods is analysed
Keywords: tramway track construction, economic evaluation, capital costs, current maintenance,
payback period