The Fārs hoard : a Buyid Hoard from Fārs province, Iran / Donald S. Whitcomb

8/9/2019 The Frs hoard : a Buyid Hoard from Frs province, Iran / Donald S. Whitcomb

1/97

THE FRS

HOARD

A BYID

HOARD

FROM FRS PROVINCE, IRAN

XIV-XVII)

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

The Frshoard is a

group

of 272dirhamsdonated to the American

Society by Eric P. Newman in 1973. It was purchased

y

R . W .

Morris

in Isfahn in

1967

an d

henee

no

certain provenance

be

determined

o j

the

coins.

The

wear

and

corrosion

of the

coins

d

compositionalfeatures of the hoardsa whole,

suggest

the prob-

that

these

issues

are from a

single hoard

and

that,

if the

Frs

is notcomplete,at

least

arandomsampleispreserved. Indeed,

(in a

private

communication) believed

thatother coins seen

on

e

market at about thesame time came from thishoard.

Thedirhamsare allissuesof the Byiddynasty, the majority

origi-

from

mints

in

Frsprovince

in southern

Iran.

The

hoard contains

large

number

of

inedited issues

and one

previously

unrecorded

mint.

the

Frs hoard

is

distinctive

and

important s

a

hoard.

In

to

published hoards

of the

period,1 which

are

generally

of awide rnge ofissues and dynasties, the

Frs

hoard is

by a limited

number

of

mint locations

and relatively

short

spanofabout35years, from347H./A.D.958 to382/992. Inregard

these dated issues, the coinsof the hoard

fall

into tw o chronological

those

of

347-72,

and

those

from 380 to

382.

The

division

is

weight

of the

This paper will arguethatthe Frs hoard is a

carefully composed

of

coins,

a

mediaeval

purse,

which holds interesting

H. W.Mitchell, A

Hoard

of

Dirhems

from

Ardekan, NC

1965, pp.

209-20;

.M.L owick and J. D. F. Nisbet, A Hoard of Dirhems

from

Ra's al-Khaimah,

1968 pp.231-40. I wish toexpressmyappreciation to MichaelL.Bates,

w ho

the

Frs

hoard to my

attention

and

provided generous

assistance for

this

and to the American Numismatic Societyfor itssupport during the 1975

Seminar.

161


2/97

162

DONALD

S.WHITCOMB

implications for the commercial history ofFrsprovince in the latt

half

of the

tenth

Century.

THE BYIDS

In the tenth

Century

the

power

of the

*Abbsid caliphs passed

fro

their

handsto

their Byid

amlrs.

Busse characterizes

the

governm e

ofthe

Byids

s amilitary dictatorship2

sincetheir

politics

werestrong

colored

by their Daylami origins (in northern Iran near the Caspia

Sea) and by the

Daylami troops

which

were

the

mainstay

of the

power. They

attempted to rule their territories

through separate

ad

ministrations each headed by a member of the Byid family; th

generally

meant

a

tripartite

rule based

on the

three centers

of

the

em pir

Shirz, Rayy, and Baghdd. Ofthese

three

eities, Shirz, the

capit

of Frs

province, proved most

attracveto

these Iranian rulers

an

became

their

principal

center.

After

the

death

of

clmd al-Dawla,

the

founder

of the

empire,

i

338/949, the first and strongest tripartiterule was

form ed. Rukn

a

Dawla, the eldest of the family, held the senioremiratein Rayy, whi

his son, Adud

al-Dawla, presided over Shirz. Most

of the

coins

in th

hoard

from

this

period reflect

this

relationship with Rukn al-Dawl

nam e

on the obverse and

*Adud

al-Dawla, al-amir

al- adl

(sie), t

just

amir, on the

reverse.

In

Baghdd, Rukn al-Dawla's

brothe

Mu izz

al-Dawla, governed afterhisentry

into

the

city

in

334/945

in t

n m

of the caliphal-Mutic.

Mu izz

al-Dawla appears with his son an

successor, 'Izzal-Dawla

on a

coin from

the Baghdd

mint

in the

hoar

(Gat.263,

see

Madmatal-Salm

for

fuller discussion).

In

363/973

th

caliph al-Mut* w as

succeeded

by

al-T'i*.

After

the

death

of

Rukn al-Dawla

in

366/976,

the

strong discipli

andorder withinthe fam ily bowedto the

strengerpersonality

of

Adu

al-Dawla.

He

soon defeated

c

lzz

al-Dawla

and

united

Frs and Ira

under

his personal rule. His

brother,

M u a y y ad al-Dawla, governe

the Jibl; hisson, Shirdil (later

known

s Sharaf al-Dawla) governe

2 H.

Busse,

Iran

under

theByids, CambridgeHistory

o f

Iran

vol.

4,

The

Peri

from

theArab Invasionto theSalfuqs (Cambridge,

Eng., 1975),

p.

251.


3/97

THE

FRS HOARD

163

in Kirmn an d bis secondson,

Marzubn (later

entitled Samsm al-

Dawla) was placed over 'Umn and Khzistn. Both Shirdil and

Marzubn

appear

on

coins

in the Frshoard

minted

in

their

respective

provinces.

The

borders

of the

Byid empire

reached

their

maximum

extent

during

the energetic rule of Adud al-Dawla. His viceroys

ruled

the

former

territories

of the

yasanwayh

Kurdsin Adharbayjn and of the

Hamdnids

in Syria s far sAleppo;in the east,

Saffarid

lands an d

tribal

areas of the

Makrn

were annexed to Kirmn. This

period

of

Consolidated

rule lasted from 367/977until

Adud

al-DawIa'sdeath in

372/983.

Only avery few

coins

from the

hoard

relate to this

period

of

the

individual rule

of

Adud al-Dawla

and his

vassals.

The

struggles

for

succession

between

the

sons

of

Adud

al-Dawla

an d

Fakhr al-Dawla which followed occupiedthe empire until the death

of

Sharaf al-Dawla

in379/989. The

rule

ofBaghddwas

inherited

by

al-Dawla, a younger son of

Adud

al-Dawla. Although the

senioramirate continued

to be debated, an

uneasy

triparte

division

the empire wasreinstituted similar to thatunder Ruknal-Dawla.

3

Fakhr al-Dawla ruledthe J.ibl,

with

Samsm al-Dawla (Marzubnb.

A dud

al-Dawla) in

Frs

and

Bah'

al-Dawla in

Iraq.

Over half the

coins

in the

Frs

hoard

dateto the early

years

of

this

settlement,380-82/

990-92;the

coinagetestifies

to the seniorityofFakhr

al-Dawla (whose

nameappearson theobverse),at

least

inrelation to Samsm al-Dawla.

It

was in

these years that

Bah'

al-Dawla deposed

the

caliph

al-T'i'

and installed

al-Qdir

in the caliphate.

Though there

was

reluctant

cceptance of

this

change in Khursn,4 al-Qdir's name

appears

on

he

Frs

coinage

almost

immediately.

The

rivalry

between Baghdd and

Rayy

continued until

387 88}

997-98

when both Fakhr al-Dawla

and

Samsm al-Dawla

died

violently.

ah' al-Dawla inherited

a temporarily-unified

empire

and

moved

his

capital

to

Shirz,

whichremained the center of the declining fortunes

l

theByids until it feilto the Saljqsin454/1062.

Busse,

Iran, p.292.

4

G. G. Miles,

The

umismatlc History

of

ayy

ANSNS

2 (New

York,

1938),

pp.

174-75.


4/97

6

DONALD

S. WHITCOMB

The coinage of the Byids, in general and sreflected in the

Fr

hoard, seems

to be

most abundant during

the two

periods

of

rclativcly

stable

and

peaceful tripartiterule.

In

both periods

the

ruler

of

Fr

province, i.e.

Adud

al-Dawla and then Samsm al-Dawla, was in a

sense

subservient

to

another division

of the

empire.

As

Miles

noted

theByid coinage is particularly informative to the politicalhistorian,

5

a fact which has perhaps overshadowedthe economic aspects of

thi

currency. The policy of minting operations in Frs province was in

all probability less a function of political power than of commercia

necessities. The

composition

of the Frs

hoard

offers arare

synthesi

for the

economichistory

of theByidsinthis

province.

FIG. 1. Total Hoard Coins

for

Each

Mint.

G.

G.

Miles, Numismatics, ambridge Historg

of

Iran vol. 4,

The

Period

from theArab Invasion to theSaljuqs (Cambridge,Eng., 1975),

p.

375.


5/97

THE FRS

HOARD

165

THE MINTS

The town of Arrajn marked the western border of

Frs

province.

theByidperiod, Arrajnhelda special placesan early center

fpower,

a

natural staging point

for

movementsinto

thethreedivisions

f

the

empire;sBusse

has

noted,

the

town Stands

at

almost

the exact

of the

Byid empire.6 Muqaddas describes

the

s "the

storeroom

ofFrs and the warehouse of Khzistn and

7

and Adud

al-Dawla

isreportedtohavesaid, "I

want

Meso-

for the

sake

of its

name,

but I

want Arrajn

for itsrevenue."8

revenue derived

f r om

the

transshipment

of goods carried between

and

Iraq

and from localproductssuchsfruits, oilsand

soap.

Arrajnwas thecapitalof thedistrict

khurrd)

of

Qubdh

in Ssnian

and anUmayyad

rnintreflects

the

continuation

of the

importance

f

the

town.

Themint

operated

under the Saffridsand finally the

Themintisrepresented in thehoardby asingle coinwhichdates

381 and

bears

the

names

of thecaliphal-T'icandSamsm

al-Dawla.9

eabsence

of

Fakhr

al-Dawla'sname

suggests

thathissenioritywas

tyet recognized inthisarea.

Sirfwas the

principal

porton thePersian Gulfin thetenth

Century,

entrept

for far eastern goods destined for Baghdd and the

west

d for the local products ofFrs,especially cloth,includingsilks,and

Thewealth ofSirfi

merchants

is mentioned by

Ibn

Hawqal

d other geographers and is reflected in the residences which have

excavated.10

6Busse, "Iran," pp.

282-83.

Muqaddasl,

Ahsan

al-Taksim,ed. M. deGoeje.

Bibliotheca

Geographorum

Ara-

3(Leiden, 1906), p. 425.

Busse,

"Iran,"p.

282, quoting Muqaddasl.

A. K.

Markov, Inventarnyi

katalog

mi isufmanskikh monet

Imperatorskago

vols.3-4(St. Petersburg

1900-1904), p.

981.

10 Ibn

Irlawqal,

Kitb

al-Maslik wa l-mamk,

ed. J. H.

Kramers. Bibliotheca

2

(Leiden/Leipzig,1938-39).

p.

281.

D.

Whitehouse, "The


6/97

166

DONALD

S. WHITGOMB

Theserecent excavationshave revealed anearlyUmayyad or

possibl

Ssnian town; a mint was not established at Sirf until the Byid

period, and then almost

entirely

under Adud al-Dawla's rule. Th

issuesof

this

mint

are

very poorlyknown,

due

mainly

to the

Orthographi

simarity

of

this

nameand

"Shirz."

A

definitive series will

soon

ap

pear withtheexcavationreport.11 TheSirflcoinsin thehoard,rangin

from 347/958

to

371/981

are mostly

previously unattested; these

ar

the

issues

of

347,

348,350,357,359,362,

365,

366

(publisheds"Shirz

by

Ghalib,

no.867),and37l.12 Itmay benoted herethat

this

type

dirham

is common to all the mints of

Frs

and may be

the

"*adl

dirham

mentioned by

MuqaddasI.

13 The type

shows Rukn

al-Dawla

on

the

obverse

and, on the

reverse,

the caliph

al-Mut*

and c

Adud

al-Dawla,

the

'arnir

al- adl. The

365/975 issue marks

the

succession

of al-f*i

and the

change

o f

Adud al-Dawla's

title to al-malik

a

'adl,

"just king."

His

titulature,

of which

much

has

been written

was

expanded

furthe r on the 371

issue which adds tj al-milla

"crown

of th e

Community."

14 The coins illustrated on

PLATE

XIV date r o m

347

(Cat.

3), 357

(Cat.

9), 361

(Cat. 12),

and 371

(Cat.

33) and

give

an

example

of the changing styles ofpointillate circlesand annulets.

Houses of Sirf, Iran,"

Archaeology

1971, pp. 255-62; and

interim

reports on th

excavations

at

Sirf

in

Iran, 1968-74.

For a preliminary descriptionof the

Sirf

coinage, see N. M.Lowick, "Trade

Patternson the Persian

Gulf

in the Light of Recent Goin

Evidence,"

Near Bastern

Numismatics,

Iconography

and

Hisiory:

Staates in Honor of George C.

Miles(Beirut

1974),pp.

319-33.

The issue of 361 is attested in Istanbul

arkeoloiji

mzeleri te hirdeki islm

sikkeler katalotju, by I. and C.Artuk, vol. l (Istanbul, 1970), no. 1030. 1tshould

be noted that the majority of these unattested issues f rom this mint and

other

discussed here have been identified by Stephen Album in the collections of raajo

museums. The

data

usedforFig. 5 is

partially

derived from Album's notes.

3MuqaddasI,Ahsan al-Taksim,p.471, notei; seealsoM.Kabir,TheBuwayhi

Dynasly of

Baghdad ,

334f946 - 44711055 (Galcutta,

1964),

p. 174.

14 H. Busse, Chalif und Grossknig: Die Buyiden im Iraq (945-1055) (Beirut

1969);and W.Madelung,"TheAssumptionof the TitleShahanshah by the Buyid

and 'The Reign of the Daylam (Dawlat al-Daylam),'" Journal

of

Near

Saslern

Sludies

1969, pp.

84-108,

169-83.


7/97

THE FRS HOARD 167

The capital of

Frs

province was a foundation of the Umayyads

slowly superseded the older

Ssnian

city of Istakhr.

Originally

etown

was a

military

center,

located

precisely in the middle of the

Ssnian district capitals

of the

province

and on the

crossroads

the

routes

from Sirf to

Isfahn

and

from

Kirmn to

Arrajn

and

Shirz

soon

gained a commercial preeminencein redistribution

the

goods

of theprovinceand

s

a raanufacturing center,

particularly

textiles(see Kard Fan Khusrawand below .

Ibn

Khaldnmentions

time of al-Ma*mn the taxesofFrswerepaidinpart

with

bottles

ofrosewater,

probablyfrom

the

city

of Jr

(Firzbd).

15

he attentions which

the

Saffrids paid

to

thiscity were

a

prelude

to

e

Byid constructions.

'Adud

al-DawIa

built

a number ofpalaces

the

city,

a

hospital second

only to that of Baghdd, a

library,

an

and a

citadel.

Itwas

not,however,until

the

reign

of

Sam-

m

al-Dawla

that the city itself was fortified.

T he mint in Shirz began under the Saffrids, though the

earlier

named

"Frs"

may have been located in the

city;

this was the

mint in the province during the third/ninth

Century

and would

to be the mintIstakhrirefersto whenhestates,"there is no mint

Frs other than

in

Shirz."

16

Certainly

the

Shirz mint remained

e most important mint in the province through the Byid period.

heearly groupofShirz

coins

in thehoard datefrom335/965to

366/

a

series

in

which

the

years

357 and 364 are

previously

unattested.

17

16

IbnKhaldn,

Maqaddima,

ed. M. de

Slane,

vol. l (Paris, 1862), p.365; trans.

. Rosenthal (New York, 1958),

p.

362.

16

Istakhrl,

al-Maslik

wa l mamlik, ed. M. de Goeje.Bibliotheca

Geographo-

m Arabicorum

l

(Leiden, 1927),

p.

158.

17

For 355: J. C. Lindberg, Essai sur les monnaies coufiques Trappe1es par les 6mirs

e

la f a m i l l e d esBouides, Memoires de

la

socilte Royale des Antiquaires du Nord

1840-44),

p.

232,

no.

48.

For

358,359:

E. von

Zambaur, Die Mnz-

des Islams (Wiesbaden, 1968). F or 360: S. Lane-Poole, Catalogue of

Coins

in the

British

Museum,vol. 9 (London, 1889), no. 663t. For 361:

...

kataloiju no.

1031.

For

362:

R.

Vasmer, De r Mnzfund

von

Peuth,

zur Kunde Estlands 1927,

pp.

72-73,

no. 28. For

363:

L

Ghalib Edhem,

islmlyeh qatalghl vol.

2

(Constantinople 1312/1894-95),

no.

F or 380: Catalogue of the Coins in theNumismaticCabinet Belonging to J.

Gerson

Cunha(Bombay, 1888-89),

no.

1277.

For

382: BMCOriental, vol.

9, no.

667b.


8/97

168 DONALDS. WHITCOMB

The

examples shown

on PLATE XIV are

from

355

(Cat.

35),359 C a

41),

and 363(Cat. 77) of the

Standard


9/97

S H i IA Z

Collph

t ? i

Ti/QSdSr

Margin

Olivers

sei

*

r

^ s r

o**-o*

0*1-

o*

margin: s 11

3 987g/

2 6 m m

23

365

Obv i

same dies22

2 636

g/26mm

24

365

Obv :

samedies18;

doublestruck

3 528g\ 27mm

25 365

Obv i

same

die

s

22

3 393 g

26mm

26

365

Obv :

same

die s18

3 142g

m

27

365? Obv :

same dies22

2 248g/ 27mm

28

365 Obv : s

no 5

margin: s 11

3 079

g

m

Rev : s 18

margin: s6

Rev :

samedies

double str

Rev :

same

die

Rev : samedie s

double stru

Rev : same

die

s

double

stru

Rev :

same

dies

double

s t r

Rev : s

18

margin: s 6


31/97

THE FRS

HOARD

191

29.

365. Obv :

same

die

s

22

3.19-1

g

\ mm

30. 365. Obv : same die

s

28

O

4.834

g

m

31. 366. Obv :

s

5

margin: s

11

2.515g4- 27mm

32. 366. Obv :

s 5

margin: s 11

3.597g / 27mm

33. 371. Obv :

U l

V I -01 V

^i

C

margin: pointillate circle

mint

and

date

6.461

g

}

28 mm

PLATE

XIV

Reu :

same

dies22;

double strack

Rev : samedies 28;

double struck

Rev : s

18

margin:

s

6

Rev : s

18

margin :s6;

double struck

Rev : O J

m

01

margin: s 6


32/97

192

DONALD S.

WHITCOMB

34.

37x.

Obv i

s

33

margin: s 33

3.330

g

\m

Shirz

ev

margin: double

soli

line circle

Qur an

IX

35.

355.

Obv : g

U

V I * Ji

*3

margin.: mint and date

pointillate

circle

4

pairs

of

annulets

4.783

g

\ mm

PLATE

XIV)

Reu :

margin: pointillate

circle

Qur anIX,

s 35

36. 357. Obv :

margin:

effaced

3.100 g 24mm

Rcv :

s 35

margin: s 35


33/97

THE

FRS HOARD 193

37 357

Obv.:

s

35

margin: mint and date

pointillate circle

5 annulets

3 397g/ 24mm

Rev :

s

35;

doublestruck

margin:

s

35

5

38 358 Obv.:

margin: s 37

3 067g/ 24mm

:

B

s 35

margin: s 35

39

359

Obv.:

s

35

margin: s

37

3 007 \

mm

Rev :

s 35

margin:

s

35

4

359 Obv . :

s 35

double struck

margin:

s 37

2 890g/

25mm

s35;

double struck

margin: s35


34/97

194

DONALD

S.

WHITCOMB

41 359.

bv :

Rev :

s35

s35

margin:

s

37 margin:

s

35

3 308

g 24 mm

pierced) PLATE XIV)

Rev :

2. 360.

O bv :

s

35

margin: s

37

3 218g/ 25mm

s

35

43. 360. O bv :

margin:

s

37

3.491g

26mm

44. 360. O bv :

same die

s

42

3.466

g

25 mm

45 360.

O bv :

margin: s 37

3.541

g

/

25

mm

s

35

s35;

double struc

margin:

s35

Rev : g

s 35

margin:

s 35

Rev :

s

35

margin: s35

Rev :

.

s 35

margin: s35


35/97

THE

FRS HOARD

195

s

35

46.

360 Obv :

margin:

s 37

3 129g/ 25mm

47. 360 Obv :

same die

s

43

3 367

2 5 m m ~

48. 361 Obv i

s 35

margin:

s 37

3 370gi 2 6 m m

49 361 O b v :

s

35

margin:

s

37

s 35

50. 361

Ob v \:s 37

3 288g/

2 6 m m

Rev :

s

35

margin:

s

35

Rev : g

s 35

margin:

s 35

Rev :

s

35

margin:

s 35

Rev :

J>

s 35

margin: s

35

Rev :

s

35

margin:

s

35


36/97

196

DONALD

S

WHITCOMB

51 361

Obv :

Rev

same die

s

50

3 909g24

mm

52 361

Obv :

s 35

margin: s37

2 507g/ 26mm

s 35

53

361 Obv :

margin:

s37

3 110g

26mm

s

35

54 361

Obv :

margin:

s

37

3 327

g

26mm

55

361 Obv :

same die s 49

2 971g

26 mm

s 35

mrgin: s 35

. _ g >

s 35

margin: s35

Rev i

samedie s

Rev

s35

margin: s 35

Rev

asSSjsmall

break

5:00

margin:

s35


37/97

THE

FRS HOARD

197

56

361. Obv :

samedie s48

3.259g- 27mm

57 361.

Obv :

samedie

s

55

2.937

g t

26mm~

s 35

58

361.

Obv :

margin:

s 37

3.810g/

26mm

59. 361.

O b v :

same

die s48

3.875

g

m

s 35

6 361. Obv i

double struck

margin: s in 37

4.320g

m

Reu : - a

same

die

s

51

Rev :

-

. - f t

as35;

die breaks

at

7:00 10:00

margin:

s 35

Rev :

s35

margin:

s 35

Rev :

^

same

die

s

48

Rev : g

samedie

s

58


38/97

198

DONALD S.WHITCOMB

s35

61.

361. Obu :

margin: s 37

1.551 g 28 mm pierced)

Reu :

s 35

margin: s 35

62. 361).

Obu :

same

die s 48

3.687g 4 27mm

Reu :

a

Q

s

35

margin:

s 35

63.

Mint effaced 361.

Obo :

s 35

margin: s

37

3.995

g 4 26mm

ev i

a

.s

s35

margin:

s

35

64. 362. Obu :

s

35

margin: s37

3.440

g

m

Reu :

s35

margin:

s 35


39/97

THE FRS

HOARD

199

362

Obv.:

s35;

doublestruck

margin: s 37

3 201

g\ mm

s

35

margin: s 35

s

35

362

Obv. .

margin:

s

37

3 341

g

25 mm

Reu.i

s 35;

double struck

margin: s

35

362

Obv.:

s

35

margin: s

37

3 202

g

\m

Reu.: ,

s35

margin: s 35

362

Obv.:

s

35

Rev :

s

35

margin:

s

37

3 792

g

4 27mm

margin:

s35


40/97

2

DONALD

S WHITCOMB

69 362 Obv :

same

die

s

67

3 525g\m

70 362 Obv :

same

die

s

66

4 021

gf 26 mm

71 363 Obv :

s

35

margin: s37

4 204g/ 26mm

72

363 Obv :

s 35

margin:

s

37

2 619

g

\ mm

73 363

s

35

margin:

s

37

3 013g/

25mm

Rev :

s35;

double struc

margin:

s

35

Rev :

s

35

margin: s

35

Rev :e s

s 35

margin: s 35

Rev :

same die s

Rev :

g Q

same die

s


41/97

THE

FRS

HOARD

201

74

363

O b v :

same

die s 73

3 223

g \5

mm

s

35

75 363

Obv.:

margin: s37

3 567

g

\m

i

76 363 Obv.: J

margin: s37

2 900

g t

26mm

77 363 Obv.:

s

35j

double

struck

margin: s 37

3 380

g

\

mm

PLATE

XIV)

8

363 Oft :

s 35

margin: s37

3 721

g

25 mm

Rev :

same dies71

Rev.:

n g

s 35

margin: s 35

s

35

margin: s 35

Rev.:

.

s 35

margin: s 35

same die s 7 5


42/97

202

DONALD S

WHITCOMB

79. 364

Obv :

s 35

Reu i

s35;

double

s t ru

margin: s 37

3.096g/

26mm

80. ShMz ?)380.

Obv :

VI

Jl

V

V

JlkJ

U

margin:

mint

and

date

pointillate circle

5

single

pellets

3.604

g\m

81. 381

Ob v : jjj\I

J i

V

dSsji

2u V I

double struck


pointillate circle

? annulets

6 715

g

\ mm

margin: s 35

Rev :

Ui

XU

double struck

margin:

s

in 35

Rev

s

80

double s t ru

margin: s35


43/97

THE FRS HOARD

203

82

381 O b v i s81;

double strack

margin: s 81

2 675g/

23mm

Rev

ju i

s

80;

die break

at

10:00

margin: s 35

83 381

Obv i

s

81

margin:

?

2 566g 22 mm ~

Rev :U

s

80

rnargin:

?

81

381 Obv i s 81;

die break

at

10:00

s

80


pointillate circle

5

annulets

3 974g/

24mm

85 381 Obv i same

die

s

84;

double struck

margin:

s

35

Rev i

s 80

3 591g 26 mm

86 381 Obv : same dies84

3 748

g

23mm

margin:

s 35

Rev i

samedie

s

85


44/97

204 DONALD S. WHITCOMB

87. 381

Obv :

same die s 84;

double struck

3 032

g

25 mm

Rev :

J U

s

80

margin:

s

35

88 381

Obv :

same die

s

84

Rev :

U

samedie s

3 947 g

25mm

89

381

Obv :

s

81

O

Reu i

same die s

margin:

s

81

3 766g/ 24mm

90. 381

Obv : same

die

s

84

4 408g/

24mm

Rev :

O J

s

80

margin:

?

91 381

Obv :

J

s

81

margin: s 80

3 474

g

^

24mm

Rev :

s

80;

double

stru

margin: s 35


45/97

THE

FRS HOARD

205

O b u :

j

same dies91

Rev :

s 80

3.101

g\mm

margin: s 35

3. 381. O bv : j

samedies91

Reu : O J

s

80

3.691 g 25 mm

4.

Shlrz) 381.

O b u :

s

81

margin:

s35

Reu :

s 80

margin: s

80

3.977

g\m

margin:

?

Shirz) 381.

Obu : 9

s 81

margin: s 80

3.677

g

\ mm

Reu : j j

s 80

inargin: s 35


46/97

206

DONALD S WHITCOMB

96. Shlrz)

381

Obv.:

s 81

margin:

s80

4 199

g^

23mm

Rev.:

s

80

margin:

s

35

97 381

Obv. .s

81

margin: s80

4 291g

25 mm

98. 381 Obv . : O

s 81

margin: s

80

3 718g 24mm

Rev.:

same

die

s

9

Rev.:

same die

s

9

99.

381

Obv.:

s

81

margin: mint

and

date

pointillate circle

4

annulets

3 771

g

25mm

Rev.:

same

die

s

9


47/97

THE FRS HOARD

207

100

381. Obv :

margin: s99

4.393g/

26mm

101. 381.

Obu i

same die s100

O

4.008g/

22mm

102. Shirz)

381.

Obv :

same die

s

100

O

3.986g

24mm

103.

381.

same

die

s

100

O

2 925

g

\5 mm

104.

381.

Obv :

s 81

margin:

s

99

3 634g4 26 mm PLATE XV)

Rev :

same dies96

Rev :

samedies94

Rev :

s

80

margin: s 35

Rev :

margin: s35

Rev :

s 80

margin: s

35


48/97

208

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

105 381. O b u :

Rev i

same die s 104

3.392g/

24mm

106.

Shirz)

381.

s

81

margin:

s

99

3.446g/ 25mm

107 381. O b u :

same

die

s

104

3.501

g

25 mm

108. 381.

O bv :

same dies104

4.546g/ 25mm

109 381. O b u :

samedie

s

104

s80

margin: s

35

Rev

s

80

margin:

s 35

Reu : O

s 80

margin: s35

Reu : U

same

die s 87

double

st ruck

Reu :

U J

s

80;

double

struck

3.639g

t

25mm


49/97

THE FRS HOARD

209

Obv :

s

81

margin: s 99

3 259g 25mm

Rev i

s

80

margin: s 35

4 36

Obv : ^J

s81

O

margin:

s

99

25 mm ~

Rev :

J U

s

80

margin:

s 35

O b v :

s 81

O

margin:

?

3 524g

2 5 m m

samedie

s

85

Obv :

s 81

margin: s 99

4 644

g

\m

381 Obv :

same

die s 113

3 285

g

23 mm

Rev

s

80

margin: s 35

Reif :

s

80

margin:

s 35


50/97

210

DONALD

S WHITCOMB

115 381 Obv. :

samedie s 113

O

4 138

g

25mm

Reu.:

same

die

s

1

116 381

Obv. :

samedies113

4 008 g^

24mm

Reu.:

samedies

117

381

Obv. : < u >

samedies113

4 862g/ 24mm

Reu.:

same dies 1

118 381 Obv. . U >

samedies95

Rev. : U J

same

die

s10

3 927g/ 25mm

119 381 Obv. :

s

81

O

Reu.:

s 80

margin: mint

and

margin: only unde

underlying lyingobvers

reverse margin margin

This restruck coin appears

to be

over

an

identicalissue

7 077g/ 26mm


51/97

THE FRS HOARD

211

120.

381

Obv :

s

81

0

margin:

?

3 217g/ 24mm

Rev : U J

s

80

maigin:

s 35

121.

381 Obv :

U)

same die s 120

0

3 524

g

24 min

122.

381

Obv : u >

same

die

s

120

4 103

g

\ mm

Reu : i

s 80

margin:

s 35

Rev :

s 80

margin: s

35

123 381

OOP.:

Q

O J V I < i

0

d5oy

V

O J U

double struck


pointillate circle

4

paiis

ofannulets

3 904gm

Rev :

s80;

double

struck

margin: ?


52/97

212

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

124.

381.

Obv i

samedies123;

doublestruck

O

4.865g/ 26mm

Reu :

s 80;

double struck

margin: s35

125. 381. Obv i

samedies123

O

4.025g 25mm

Rev i

samed ie s 2

126. Shirz) 381.

Obv i

samedies123

O

4.299

g 25mm

127. Shirz) 381.

Obv \

s 123

O

margin: s 123

3.515g

25

mm

128.

Shirz)

381.

Ob : O

same

die

s

123

O

3.494 g

23 mm

PLATE

XV)

Rev i

samedie s123

Rev i

U )

s

80

O

margin:

s

35

Rev i jj j

s

80

O

margin:

s

35


53/97

THE FRS HOARD

213

129. Shirz)

381.

O b v :

same

dies123

O

4.116g/

25mm

130. 381. Obv :

s 123

O

Reu : U J

s

80

margin:

s35

Rev

s 80;

double struck

margin: s

123

4.711 g

\

mm

131. 381.

Obv :

|0

same

dies130

O

5.025

g

\m

132. 381.

O b v :

same

die s130

O

4.209

g

\m

133. 381.

Obv : ^

s

123

O

margm: s 123

3.587g/

25mm

margin: s 35

R e v :

same

die

s1

24

Rev

s80

margin: s

35

Rev

s 80

margm:

s

35


54/97

214

DONALD

S. WHITCOMB

134.

381.

O b u :

same

die

s

133

O

4 181 g

26 mm

PLATE

XV

135 381.

O b v :

same

die

s

130

O

6.217g/ 25mm

R eu :

s 80

O

margin:

s35

Rev :

same

die

s

13

O

136 382. 06p.:

s 123

margin:

s

123

3.336g/ 27mm

Re v :

s80;

doublestruck

OO

margin: s35

137 382.

O b v :

s 123

margin:

s

123

4.237

g

\5 mm

Rev :

same

die

s

13

OO


55/97

THE FRS HOARD

215

?) 382

Obv :

s

123

Reu :l

s 80;

double struck

margin:

mint and

date

pointillate

circle

4 single annulets

3.248g/

26mm

margin:

s

35

s 123

margin: s 138?

4.446g/

25mm

Re v : j j

s 80

margin: ?

same

dies139

4.958g

m

R e v i

same

die

s 139;

double

struck

Obu :

s123

Reu :

s 80

margin: s

138?

2 981g m

margin:

s

35

Obv :

^

same

dies139

5 213

g

25 mm

Reu : O

same die s139


56/97

216 DONALD S.

WHITCOMB

143.

(Shlrz)

382.

Oho :

s

123

margin: mint and

date

pointillate circle

? pairs of annulets

2.791

g^ 24 mm

Reu :

s 80

O

margin:

s

35

144. Shirz) 382.

O bu :

s

123

Reu :

s 80

margin: s

143

4.185g/

2 5 m m

margin: s

35

145. Shlrz) 382.

O bu :

s

123

margin: mint

and

date

pointillate circle

4

pairs

of

annulets

4.363

gf

25

mm

Reu :

s

80

O

margin: s35

146. 3xx 380?)

O b u : s 80

Reu O

samedieas l lS

margin:

?

3.210g/

2 4 m m


57/97

THE FRS HOARD

217

147. Shirz)

38x

380?)

O b v :

fg

s 80;

double

struek

margin: s80

1.484

g

\mm

R ev :

s 80

margin: s35

148. Shirz) 38x 380?)

die

s147

3.224g 25mm

149. Shirz)

38x

380?)

O b v : f f f

s80

margin: ?

4.525g\ mm

R e u : J U

s

80

margin:

s

35

Reu :

O

same

die

s

148

150. Shirz?) 381.

O b v :

s 81

margin: s 80

3.267g 23mm

R e v : m

s 80

margin: s

35


58/97

218

DONALD

S. WHITCOMB

151. Shlrz?) 3xx

381?).

Obv :

s 81

Reu :

U

s 80

margin: s81

4.545 g

\m

margin: s

35

Fas

152. 354. Obu :

m i

V\l

margin:

mint and date

pointillatecircle

4

pairs

of annulets

3.443g 24 mm

R e u :

O

lu jj

double

struck

die break a

4:00

margin: pointillate

circle

Qur an

IX

33

153. 355.

O b v : o

s 152

margin: s 152

2.950

g

25 mm

Reu :

U

s152

margin: s 152


59/97

THE

FRS

HOARD

219

358 O b u :

W

s

152;

doublestruck

Reu i

s 152;

die breakat

11:00

margin:mint

and

date

pointillate circle

5 annulets

3 500

g

25mm

margin:

s 152

358 O b v : d

same

die

s

154

3 242gf 26 mm

PLATE

XV)

Rev : O J

same

die

s

154

359

Obu :

s152

Reu :

J U

s 152

margin: s 154

3 247g/

26mm

margin: s

152

361 O b v : J

s 152;

double

struck

margin: s

154

3 270gm

R e u :

s 152

margin: s 152


60/97

220

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

158. 361. Obv :

Rev

s 152

margin: s

154

3.739g- 27mm

159. 361.

Obv :

s

152;

double struck

margin: s 154

3.174g/ 27mm

160. 361. Obv :

J

s

152

O

margin:

s

154

3.329g/

27mm

161. 361. Obv : J

samedies157

3.774g/ 26mm

162. Fas) 361.

Obv :

s 152

margin:

s154

5.151

g

26mm

s152

margin: s152

Reu :

same

dies

1

Rev j j

s

152

margin:

s 152

Rev

samedies1

double struc

s152

margin: s152


61/97

THE FRS HOARD

221

Obv.:

s 152

margin:

s 154

4 339g/ 2 6 m m

Rev.:

samedieasl?

Obv.:

s152

margin: s 154

3 164gm

Reu.i

s

152

margin: s

152

Obv. .

s

152;

doublestrack

margin: s 154

2 868g

m

Rev . :

s 152

margin: s 152

363

O b v . .

s 152

margin: s 154

3 820 g

2 6 m m

Rev. :

s 152

margin:

s

152


62/97

222

DONALD

S.

WHITCOMB

167. 365. Obu :

Rev :

s152;

double

struck

margin:

s154

2.307

g

4 26mm

168.

365.

Obu :

s 152

margin:

s 154

3.489g/ 26mm

169.

365.

06.: J

same

die

s

168

3.833

g\mm

170.

365.

bv : J

same dies168

2.689 g 4- 26 mm

171. 365. Ob v :

same

die

s

167

JlkJI

margin: s152

Reu :

s 167

margin:

s152

Reu : O J

same

die

s

16

Reu :

U J

same

die

s

lM

Reu :

U J

s167

margin: s152

4.075

g

24 mm PLATEXV

For two

further coins

from

the

Fas mint,

see

Addendum,

nos.

271,

272


63/97

THE FRS HOARD

223

381. Obv i

l k J I


pointillate circle

4 annulets

5.980

g - 26 mm

double

struck

margin:

pointillate

circle

Qur an

IX,

33

381.

same die

s 172;

overstruek

3.669g~

26mm

.: O

same

die

s

172

381.

O b u :

s 172

margin: s 172

5.712

g

m

Re u : U

s 172

o

margin: s 172


64/97

224

DONALD S WHITCOMB

175 381

Obu :

same

dies172

Rev

samedie

s

17

double

struck

4 097g 24mm

176 381 06 :

same dies172

Rev

same die

s

7

5 906

m

177 381 Ob :

same

dies

174;

double struck

4 307g

f

26mm

Reu :

same

die

s174

double struck

178 381 Qbv :

samedies174

Rev

same die s 7

3 467g

26 mm

179 381 Obv :

same

dies172

Rev U

same

die

s

7

3 995g\m

180 381 Ob :

same

dies174

3 641

g

22 mm

same

die s 7


65/97

THE FRS HOARD

225

Obv :

samedie s172

Rev :

same die s174

4.482

g

^

26mm

Obv i

same

dies172

Rev O

same dies172

2.904g/ 24mm

same

die

s

172

3.729g-* 26 mm

PLTE

XV)

Rev

same die

s

172

f

381. Obv :

samedies 172;

double strack

3.598g\m

Obv :

same die

s

172

Rev

same dies172

Rev

same die

s

172

3.985

g

26 mm

Kzarn)

381.

Obv :

same dies172

Rev :

U

s a m e d i c a s l 7 2 ? )

5.270

g

25

mm


66/97

226

DONALD S.

WHITGOMB

187. Kzarn) 381.

Obv :

same dies172

Reu

same

die s1

3,849g

m

188. Kzarn) 381.

Obv :

samedie

s

172

5.595 g

\ 24mm

Reu

U

same

die s

1

189. Kzarn) 381.

Obv :

same

die

s

172

Reu :

same

die

s

17

4.488g 26

mm

190. 381.

Obv :

samedie s 172 ?);

double

struck

2.046

g

m

Rev :

s172

margin: s

172

191. 381,

Obv :

same die s 174

Rev :

same

die

s190

doublestruck

3.946m


67/97

227

381.

O b v :

same die

s

174

Reu :

U

same die

s

190

4.129

g

4 7

mm

381. Obv :

samedie

s

174

Reu : U

same die

s

190

3.283g/ 26mm

381.

same dies174

Re v i

samedies190;

double struck

5.166

g 23 mm PLTEXV

381. Obv :

samedie

s

174

Re v :

same

die

s

190

3.520g/

25mm

381. O b v :

samedie

s

174

Re v :

same die

s

190

3.046g/

26mm

381.

O b v :

same

dies174

Reu i O

same

dies190;

double struck

4.608

m


68/97

228

DONALD

S.

WHITCOMB

198. 381. 05p.:

same dies174

Rev

same

dies19

3.410

i

26mm

199. 381.

06.:

samedie s174;

double

strack

Rev

samedies190;

doublestruck

6.296

m

200. 381. Obv :

same die

s

174

Rev

same

die s 19

4.053

m

201. 381.

Obv :

samedies174

Rev

samedie s190;

double struck

3.976

g

f ~

23

mm

202. Kzarim) 381.

Obv :

same

die

s

174

Rev

* t

same dies190

?)

4.047

g V 22mm


69/97

THE FRS HOARD

229

(Kzern) 381.

O bu

sin 172

Rcv U

s

in

172

margin: date

pointillate circle

? pairs of

annulets

4.012 g

m

(Kzarn) 381.

Obv

s

472;

double

struck

margin: ?

4.083

g

23mm

(Kzarn) 381.

Obu

same

die

s

172

5.476

g

^ 28mm

margin: s 172

38x. Obv t

ff

**} V l


solid line circle

Rev

L

s 172.

margin: s

172

s 172

margin: s

172

Rev

margin:

solid

line

circle

Qur an

IX, 33

3.617g/

25mm


70/97

230 DONAJLD S.WHITCOMB

Kard

Fan

Khusraw

207. 355. Obv :

t t

margin:

mint and date

pointulate circle

4

pairs

of pellets

3.609

g _

_ a

s207

margin: s207

209.

356.

Obo :

s

207

margin:

s 208

3.464

g

25mm

Rev :

effaced


71/97

THE FRS HOARD

231

35x

O b u :

Reu :

s207;

double struck

margin:

?

2 695g

2 4 m m

361 O b v i

s

207


pointillate circle

5 annulets

2 862g/ 25mm

362

O b u :

U )

s207

margin:

s 211

2 942g/ 2 7 m m

363 O b u :

s207;

doublestruck

margin:

s211

3 421

g

V

26 mm

s207;

doublestruck

margin:

s

207

Reu :

. .

m

s

207

margin: s

207

Reu :

s207;

die break

at

6:00

margin:

s

207

Reu :

s207;

die break at

12:00

margin:

s

207


72/97

232

DONALD

S. WHITCOMB

214 363 Obv.: j J >

s 207

margin: s211

3 099gm

Reo.:

s

207

margin: s

207

215 363

Obv.:

U)

samedies214

3 015g

m

Rev. :

samedie

s

214;

double

strack

216 380

Obv.:

O

U VI JI

margin:

mint and

date

pointillate circle

5

pellets

4 429

g

m

Rev. :

U l

A

X U I

jl

margin: s207

217 380

Obv.:

O

same

dies216

4 359g/

2 5 m m

Reu.: 4

s216

margin: s207


73/97

THE

FRS

HOARD

233

380. Obv :

same

die

s

216

4.391 g 25 mm

Rev :

O f

s 216

margin: s207

380.

Obv : O

same die s216

4.500g/ 25mm

381.

Obv :

s

216;

double

struck

margin:

s 211

4.827g/

24mm

broken)

Rev :

J

same dies217

s116;

doublestruck

margin:

s207

Obv :

same dies220

4.120

g^ 26 mm

381.

Obv : samedies220

4.856g/

24mm

Rev : U J

s 216

margin:

s207

Rev

same

dies220

381.

Obv :

same

die

s

220

Rev :

O J

s

216

3.680

m

margin: s 207


74/97

4

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

224.381.

Obv :

same die

s

220

4.335g 24 mm

225.

381. Obv :

same die

s

220

4.462g/ 25mm

226. 382.

Obv :

s 216

O

margin:

mint and

date

pointillate

circle

4 pairs of annulets

3.512 g

25 mm

(PLATE XVI)

227. 382. Obv :

same dies226

O

3.385g

25mm

228. 382. Obv :

same dies226

O

4.727

g / 26 mm

Rev : U

same die s 22

Rev : A j

s216

margin: s

207

X J t l l

margin: 2 solid lin

circles

Qur an IX

33

Rev :

< U

s

216

margin:

?

same die s 220


75/97

THE

FRS HOARD

235

38x.

Obv i

s 216

O

margin: s226

4.708g/ 25mm

Reu :

s

216;

double struck

O

margin:

s 207

MlNTS OTSIDE OF FRS

PROVINCE

362. Obv :

V I

J f V

margin:

mint

and date

pointillate circle

5

annulets

3.409

g 17 mm PLATE

XVI)

363. Obv :

s230

margin:

s 230

3.581

g\

Rev :

m l

ju

die break at 6:00

margin: pointillate

circle

Qur an

IX,

33

Rev :

d O

s

230

margin: s

230


76/97

236

DONALD S.

WHITCOMB

232. 365. Obv :

s230

margin:

s 230

2.786g/ 27mm

Rev

s

230,bu

for

margin:

s

230

Bamm

233.

362.

All

V I

AJ i

A J d S C j j ^ V

margin:

mint

and date

pointillate

circle

5

annulets

3.891g

m

margin: pointilla

circle

Qur an

33

234. (Bamm)

362.

s

233

margin:

s 233

4.107g/

28mm

Reu :

U

s

233

margin:

s

233


77/97

237

235

Bamm)

362

Obv :

samedie

s

233

4 630gm

Rev :

samedies233

236 363

bv i

s

233

marginr

s

233

5.033g/ 27mm

Reu i

s 233

margin:

s 233

237 365 Obv :

s 233

margin:

s 233

3.543

g

2 6 m m

Rev i

s 233 ?)

margin: s 233

238 366 O b v i

margin: s 233

3 472 g

25 mm

d53dl

margin: s233


78/97

238

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

239. 366 ? O b u :

J y i

Reu :

U M

margin: s

233

5.901

g

25 mm

PLATE

XVI)

margin:

s 233

240. 368. Oy.:

s 239

margin:

mint and date

solid

line

circle

Reu :

JU

margin: s

233

4.337g

\m

241. Bamm) 368.

Obu :

f i

s

239

margin:

s

240

3.926 g

f

25mm

Reu :

s240

margin:

s

233


79/97

THE FRS HOARD

239

(Bamm?) 36x.

Obv.:

s233

margin: s 233

4.471

g

29mm

Rev.: * j j

s

233

margin: s233

(Bamm?) 36x(362?).

Obv.:

p

.s

233

margin: s

233

4.783g/

25mm

Rev. :

s 233

margin:

s 233

365.

X\ 01

d5oyS V

SUj l


pointillate

circle

5 annulets

4.312g\ mmPLATE XVI

Rev J J

L ^

Ua J

u J . J U J I150J

aU il

l

C

-

4JJJI

margin:pointillate

circle

Qur'an IX,

33


80/97

240

DONALD S . WHffCOMB

245. Jlruft)

372?).

Ob v

a u i


raint

and

date)

3.393

m

246. Jlruft) 372?).

Ob v

same die s245

3.908g/

2 5 m m

247.

381.

Ob v \

0

m i

V i

o i

e

double struck

margin:mint

and

date

pointillate circle

ev

4JJJI

double

struck

margin:

s

244

Rev

A J

s245

margin: s244

Reu

U

y l

ju

^ j

margin:

pointillate

circle

Qur an IX, 3

3.503g/

24mm


81/97

THE

FRS

HORD

241

248. 381.

Obv i

same dies

247;

doublestrack

3.778g

\ mm

PLATEXVI)

Slrjn

249. 361.

Obv

margin:mint and

date

pointillate

circle

5

anmets

3.174g f 27 mm PLATE XVI)

250. (Sirjn?) 36x (367 or 369).

s 239

margin: s 249?

3.073g

\m

Reu ;

samedies

247;

double

struck

ev i

U

margin:

pointillate

circle

Qur anIX,

33

ev i

cJJUJI

Uuijj

margin: s

249.


82/97

242 DONALD

S. WHUCOMB

U m n

251. 362.

Ob v i

Reu :

margin:

pointillate

circle

solid

line

circle

mint and date

solid line

circle

4 half-annulets

pointillate

circle

3.032 g 26 mm (PLATE XYI

margin: pointillate

circle

Qur an IX

33

252. 364.

O b v i

margin:

mint and

date

pointillate circle

5 annulets

Rev i

l

margin:

s251

3.272

g

V

24mm


83/97

THE FRS

HOARD

243

365.

O b u

2 U I

C*

-


solid line circle

2.370g

2 5 m m

365. O b u :

s

252

margin: s 252

4.496g t 26 mm

PLATEXVII)

366. O b u : < y

s 252

margin: s 252

5.013

g

4 2 6 m m

381. Obv


84/97

244 DONALD S. WHITCOMB

257. 381.

O b v i

s 256

R ev :

O

Jlkli

margin:

mint

and date

pointillate circle

5

annulets with

pellet

in center

margin:s251

3.177 g 26mm

258. 381. O b v i

s

256

Q double struck


mint and date

solid line circle

? annulets?

pointillate circle

4.206

g

5

mm

PLATE

XYII)

R e v

s

57

margin: s251

259. 381.

O b v i

samedie s 258

4.899

g

25mm

same

dies

258

die breakat 12:0


85/97

THE FRS

HOARD

245

38x.

Obv : ^ l

J

Rev : O


pointillate

circle

4 7 g?

22mm

margin: s 251

38x.

Oi>.:

s

260

margin:

mint

and

date

pointillate circle

4

sets

of

three pellets

4.111g 23 mm PLATE XVII

Rev i m

s

260

margin:

s

251

3xx. O b v :

s252

B

margin:

po int i l la te

circle

m in t

and

date aud

pointillate circle

5.195g/ 27 mm

PLATE

XVII

Rev :

s 252

margin:

s 25i


86/97

246

DONALD S. WHITCOMB

Madinat al-Salam

263. 352.

Obu. i

rf

i

V * JI

V

dSojJ;

V o.A*.j


Qur an XXX, 3-4

3.025g

\

26mm (PLATE

XVII

Reu.:

m l

margin: solid l inc

circle

Qur an IX

33

solid l ine

circle

264. 364. Obv.:

V

double struck

margin: s 263

2.977

g\mm PLATE

XVII)

Reu.:

JlkJ

margin: s251


87/97

THE FRS HOARD

247

348.

Obu so

U

V 4)1

d S G V

Rev

SJjJI JC^ ju i

margin: mint

and

date

2~pointillate

circles

5

pairs

o fpellets

3.045 i 26 mm (PLATE XV I I )

margin: 2Jpo intil-

late

circles

Qur'an IX,

33

n me

381 b u

j l_

margin: mint

and

date

double

strack

margin:

?

5.605

g

m


88/97

248

DONALD S.

WHITGOMB

267. 381.

Obv.: \I


pointillate circle

5

pellets

3.153

g- 27 mm

margin:

pointillate

circle

Qur an

IX

33

268. 381. Obv :

Reu :

U


pointillate

circle

double

stnic

margin: pointillate

circle

Qur an IX

33

3.027

g

i 2 2mm


89/97

THE FRSHOARD 249

381. Obu :

m l V I J I V

d jj

dSO J l J

l


Qur an XXX, 3-4

3 294g/ 23mm-,

' t

381

Obu :

, U J

V I 0 1

s V


pointillate circle

5

pellets

4.195

g

\ mm

margin: ?

JRc.:

margin: pointillate

circle

Qur an IX S

33

Fsa. 381.

V Jl V

V

Ul


90/97

250 DONALD S.WHITCOMB

j l

margin:

mint and date margin:

pointillat

pointillate circle circle

? annulets Qur an I

33

2.762g 24mm

272. Fas.

38?

Obv s271 J?ep.: s 271

margin: mint

and

date margin: s

271

pointillate circle

4

annulets

3.638

g 24 mm


91/97


92/97


93/97

XV

THE

RS

HO RD


94/97


95/97

I YO

JL

I X


96/97


97/97

XVI I

8

The Fārs hoard : a Buyid Hoard from Fārs province, Iran / Donald S. Whitcomb

Documents

Transcript of The Fārs hoard : a Buyid Hoard from Fārs province, Iran / Donald S. Whitcomb