The Excretory System Aaron Wong. What does it do? Every cell produces metabolic wastes such as: Salt...
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Transcript of The Excretory System Aaron Wong. What does it do? Every cell produces metabolic wastes such as: Salt...
The Excretory System
Aaron WongQuickTime™ and a
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What does it do?
Every cell produces metabolic wastes such as: Salt Carbon dioxide Urea (toxic compound produced when making
energy)
The excretory system’s job is to remove these useless and harmful wastes from the body.
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The Organs The main organs of the excretory system are:
Kidneys SKIN Lungs
skin covers and protects your body lungs located in chest and protected by ribcage kidneys found on either side of backbone and about the size of a
fist
Kidneys Structure Made of Inner (renal medulla) and
outer (renal cortex) The functional units of the kidney are
nephrons
Each nephron has its own blood
supply through the use of 4 parts.
Ateriole :: Where the blood enters
Capillaries :: Filtration
Collecting duct :: Waste from blood ends up here which leads to ureter
Venule :: Where the purified blood exits
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Blood Purification
It is broken into three processes: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Filtration
:: Blood enters nephron and flows into the glomerulus, a small network of capillaries is held in the upper end of the nephron by Bowman’s capsules
:: Because the blood is under pressure and the capillaries are permeable fluid flows into Bowman’s capsule
:: The filtrate (filtered materials) contains water, urea, glucose, salts, amino acids, and some vitamins
Blood Purification
Reabsorption
:: Most material removed from the blood goes back into the blood through reabsorption
:: The nutrients are taken out of the filtrate with active transport and then put back in the blood
Secretion
:: The cells of the tubules remove certain molecules and ions from the blood and deposite these into the fluid within the tubules.
: Tubular secretion of H+- is important in maintaining control of the pH of the blood..
Filtration, reabsorption, and secretionanimation
Urinary system Urine is the material that remains after reabsorption
It is concentrated in the loop of Henle where water is conserved and the volume of urine minimized
Urine is collected in the urinary bladder
while purified blood goes back into normal
circulation
Urine is released through the urethra
tube
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The Kidneys and Homeostasis
:: The kidneys regulate water content in the blood, which controls blood volume, pH, and waste in the blood.
:: How do they do it? Liquid that you consume goes
into the blood
This increased concentration should force water into cells, swelling your body
However the kidneys control this by lowering the rate of reabsorption of water
As for salt, the more you eat, the less that is returned to the blood
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Skin and Lungs Skin excretes waste products from the body through perspiration
This includes water, salt, and a small amount of urea and other toxic substances
The lungs excrete carbon dioxide during respiration
CO2 is produced when energy is taken from food
Simple breathing animation >>>>>>>Blue: oxygen, purple: CO2
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When something goes wrong… The major disease to the excretory system is kidney disease
This can lead to kidney failure, and the inability to remove waste products
Many kidney problems can be treated by dialysis, where a machine acts as a kidney. However, it is very expensive and time consuming. Kidney transplants are an alternative to dialysis.
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Dialysis Animation
:: Medical science is workingon developing an artificialkidney transplant for the future!
A Healthy Excretory System
As with all of your body systems eating well promotes a healthy excretory system, especially getting enough dietary fiber
Diabetic kidney disease can be prevented by keeping blood sugar in your target range
For more information visit:http://www.emedicinehealth.com/chronic_kidney_disease/article_em.htm (kidney
disease)http://health.howstuffworks.com/kidney3.htm (detailed explanation of reabsorption)
http://www.quazen.com/Science/Biology/Human-Body-the-Excretory-System-.18801 (overview)
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Bibliography http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/K/Kidney.html (slide 6, “Secretion”)
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html (slide 9)
http://www.skin-care-information.org/how-the-skin-works.html (slide 10, “Skin”)
http://www.diabetes.org/type-1-diabetes/kidney-disease.jsp (slide 11)