The Evolving Open Policy Framework in the United States Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC 2...
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![Page 1: The Evolving Open Policy Framework in the United States Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC 2 nd GeoData Meeting Boulder, CO June 17, 2014.](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051115/56649ef25503460f94c04486/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Evolving Open Policy Framework in the
United States
Heather JosephExecutive Director, SPARC
2nd GeoData MeetingBoulder, CO
June 17, 2014
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US Government invests ~$60 billion on basic and applied
scientific research.
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• Stimulate new ideas• Accelerate scientific discovery• Improve educational outcomes• Fuel innovation• Grow the economy/create jobs• Improve the welfare of the
public
Expectation is that investment will:
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This can only happen if we can access and use the results of this
research.
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Working theory is that policies that encourage open access to the results of this research will
accelerate and significantly improve these expected
outcomes.
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Precedent
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Sources of U.S. Information Policy
• Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. 105)• Freedom of Information Act• Paperwork Reduction Act• Electronic FOIA Amendments, 1996• Gov’t Paperwork Elimination Act • Office of Management and Budget
(OMB) Circular No. A-130
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“…Government information is a valuable national resource, and… the economic
benefits to society are maximized when government information is available in a
timely and equitable manner to all.”
-OMB Circular A-130
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“Open and unrestricted access to public information at no more than the cost of dissemination..”
- OMB Circular A-130
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Policy Focus
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Public is entitled to access and use the results of research their tax
dollars pay for.
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Results = Articles & Data
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Taken about a decade for policies supporting this statement to be
developed, adopted and implemented.
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Drivers
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Policy Drivers
Articles• Grassroots scientific
community• Intermediaries (libraries, etc.)• Activists – open government, patients advocates• Key Leaders (NIH Director, Congress• Mandates (Congress)
Data• Mandates (Executive Branch/WH)• Top-level political leaders• Agencies• General public (citizen
scientists, re-mixers,app developers )
• Grassroots –scientific community (new
evalaution metrics, reproducibility
Data• Mandates (Executive Branch/WH)• Top-level political leaders• Agencies• General public (citizen
scientists, re-mixers,app developers )
• Grassroots –scientific community (new
evalaution metrics, reproducibility
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Top-Down Policy Leadership.
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Current Policy Landscape
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Components of Open Data Policies
•Investigators expected to share data at no more than incremental cost and within a reasonable time.
•Maximizing access maximizes benefits; default will be set to “Open”
•“Shades of Open for Data” - Exceptions will be the rule
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Components of Open Data Policies
•Data management plans emerging as crucial element of policies
•Community involvement crucial - iterative process
•Data should be made available for reproducibility and reuse.
•Policies very weak on re-use rights; no requirements on licenses to date
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Components of Open Data Policies
• Need to incentivize sharing data • To ensure attribution, persistent
identifiers should be implemented.
• Need for partnerships (public/private and beyond) explicitly recognized
• “Good Practices” will evolve into “Best Practices”
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Data and Articles Are Connected
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Thank You
Heather JosephExecutive Director, SPARC21 Dupont Circle, Ste. 800Washington DC 20036 [email protected] (202) 296-2296http://www.arl.org/sparc