The Everyday Life of Surveillance (V): Architectures ... · PDF fileThe Everyday Life of...
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The Everyday Life of Surveillance (V): Architectures, Spaces, Territories
Privacy by Design?
Marc LangheinrichUniversity of Lugano (USI)
Switzerland
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Projects
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Privacy Ubiquitous Computing
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Patras
Zurich
Gothenburg
Paris
Lancaster
Sevilla
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Approaches to Ubicomp Privacy Disappearing Computer Troubadour Project (10/2002 - 05/2003)
• Make it Someone Else’s Problem– “For [my colleague] it is more appropriate to think
about [security and privacy] issues. It’s not really the case in my case“
• Absence of Protection as User Empowerment– “It’s maybe about letting them find their own
ways of cheating“
• Insist that “Good Security“ will Fix It– “All you need is really good firewalls“
Marc Langheinrich: The DC-Privacy Troubadour – Assessing Privacy Implications of DC-Projects. Designing for Privacy Workshop. DC Tales Conference, Santorini, Greece, June 2003.
24
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NON PRIVACY BY NON DESIGNExample 1: Make it someone elses problem
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“Uses the highest level of encryption allowed by the U.S.
government.”
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2006
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20 cards
no encryption
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Cardholder‘s NameCard Number
Expiration Date
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O‘Reilly Conf. 2008
Pablos Holman
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“cards incorporate 128-bit encryption”
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Cardholder‘s NameCard Number
Expiration Date
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*MacBook Air not included
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Defcon 2008
Flexilis
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Non Privacy By Non Design
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NON PRIVACY BY (BAD) DESIGNExample 2: User Empowerment
SECURITY
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P<D<<LANGHEINRICH<<MARC<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<123456789?D<<710123?M070101?<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<?
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MarcLangheinrich
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DD/MMM/1971
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P<D<<LANGHEINRICH<<MARC<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<12345678??D<<710123?M0701???<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<?
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Protection from Forgery!!
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Digital Signature
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„ ...cloned and manipulated... “
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MustermannChristian0000000000000
?
Proof of Genuine Passport ?
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Non Security By Bad Design
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PRIVACY BY DESIGN?Example 3: Good Firewalls
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Smart Fridge
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Smart Stove
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Receiptless Returns
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Fast Checkout
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Working Hypothesis
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People don‘t want privacy tools
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People want to get things done!The more secure, private, safe, the better
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Getting Things Done?
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Vision
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Hands Free Privacy
The more secure, private, safe, the better
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Example: The Shamir Tag
Langheinrich, Marti: Practical Minimalist Cryptography for RFID Privacy. IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007
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Example: The Shamir Tag
• Unsolicited read-outs take long time–Difficult (but not impossible) to track
or identify
• Instant Identification for known tags–Owner uses tags without restrictions
Langheinrich, Marti: Practical Minimalist Cryptography for RFID Privacy. IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2007
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Shamir Tags Illustrated
OriginalRFID-Tag:
RFID-Tag contains encrypted ID + Key, but cut in many small pieces. All pieces are needed to decrypt Tag ID.
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Shamir Tags Illustrated
OriginalRFID-Tag:
UnknownReader sees:
Only few shares disclosed A few more shares disclosed Still not enough shares…
wait wait wait
RFID-Tag contains encrypted ID + Key, but cut in many small pieces. All pieces are needed to decrypt Tag ID.
time
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Shamir Tags Illustrated
+ =
OriginalRFID-Tag:
UnknownReader sees:
Owner‘sReader sees:
Owner checks forknown (cached) tag
Instant IdentificationOnly few shares disclosed
Only few shares disclosed A few more shares disclosed Still not enough shares…
wait wait wait
RFID-Tag contains encrypted ID + Key, but cut in many small pieces. All pieces are needed to decrypt Tag ID.
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Consumers receive basicprotection for all tagged goods
Additional security mechanism can be layered above Shamir Tags
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Summary
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Privacy by Design
• Difficult to do even for technology experts– Industrial (RFID Credit Cards)
– Government (ePassport)
• Difficult if wrong user model– People want to get things done
– Privacy, security often gets in the way
• We need usable security and privacy– Sometimes less security may mean more privacy
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Outlook
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The wireless century will bring an end to many crimes. It will be a century of morality, since it is known that morality and fear are one and the same.
(Robert Sloss, “The World in 100 Years”, 1910)