The European Security and Defence Policy The European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)(ESDP)

Decision-Making, Planning and Organization of ESDP Field Missions - Updated Interactive Guide -

ZIF - Berlin, December 2007

Center for International Peace Operations

All photographs in this presentation by courtesy of the Council of the European Union

UpdateIn June 2007, the European Council decided to establish the

Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) , which is supposed to serve as a civilian equivalent to the EU Military Staff and to provide assistance and support to CIVCOM in the planning and implementation of civilian ESDP operations. The CPCC has been incorporated

into this presentation.

Furthermore, the Interactive Mission Map has been completely revised and updated, and hyperlinks to the mission websites have been included.

Audiovisual Service, European Commission

This presentation covers the decision-making and planning process from the first formal discussions on potential action until the launch of an ESDP mission. The process is divided into three major phases:

Phase 1 - Development of a Crisis Management Concept

Phase 2 - Development of Strategic OptionsPhase 3 - Concrete Operational Planning

The process as presented is a model for ESDP operations with military, police and civilian components. Should any of these components not be present in an operation, certain steps in the planning process may be left out. However, the Council decisions on Crisis Management Concept, Joint Action, Operation Plan, and on the launch of the operation are indispensable – they form the basis of the three phases.

It should be noted that the presentation gives a simplified view of ESDP structures, leaving out less important steps or ongoing interaction, e.g. with the European Commission (EC). In practice, steps shown here may be contracted, inverted or completely left out on a case-by case basis.

By mouse-clicking the process evolves gradually, providing information on every step of the decision-making process. For more information on the different institutions within ESDP, please click on the i-buttons located in the right-hand corner of each box. If your computer is connected to the internet, you can also use the hyperlinks integrated in the information texts, leading to EU-websites, treaties or Council decisions.

Please note that the on-screen presentation of bodies involved in the process does not reflect any hierarchical order among these bodies. There is, however, a functional distinction between and .

All institutions dealt with are located in EU‘s so-called “Second Pillar“, the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), where decisions are made exclusively at intergovernmental level. First-Pillar-bodies affiliated to the EC that deal with foreign policy, such as the humanitarian aid department ECHO or the External Relations Commissioner‘s Secretariat, are not covered in detail.

©ZIF, Berlin. Bastian Richter, ZIF

How to use this presentation?

policy-making bodiesadvisory bodies

click here to jump to Interactive Mission Map at the end of the presentation

Click to continue…All photographs in this presentation by courtesy of the Council of the European Union or the Audiovisual Service of the European Commission

Information

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The Pillars of the European Union (based on the Treaty of Maastricht)

European Communities

Based on the Treaties which constitute the•European Community•Euratom•European Coal and Steal Community (treaty expired in 2002)

Supranational Decision-Making(European Commission)

European Union

Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)

(Treaty of Maastricht 1992, amended by the following treaties)

including the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)(initiated by the Cologne European Council 1999)

Intergovernmental Decision-Making(Council)

Justice & Home Affairs

(Treaty of Maastricht 1992, amended by the Treaty of Amsterdam 1997)

Intergovernmental Decision-Making (Council)

Introduction: Overview of the European Union

Click to continue…

1. Pillar 2. Pillar 3. Pillar

Secretary General/High Representative

Policy Planning & Early Warning Unit

Council General Secretariat

Political and Security Committee (PSC)

Joint Situation Centre (SITCEN)

Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM)

EU Military Committee(EUMC)

Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

Council of the European Union

Introduction: Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (simplified)

European Council (Summit of the Heads of State and Government)

policy-making body

advisory body

Click to continue…

EU Military Staff (EUMS)

Civ. Planning & ConductCapability (CPCC)

Start of the Mission Planning Process…

Phase 1

Developmentof a Crisis ManagementConcept (CMC)

policy-making body

advisory body

Legend

overview of ESDP bodies

Secretariat (supported by the CPCC) develops & presents a draft Crisis Management Concept (CMC) based on the conclusions of a Fact Finding Mission

Secretary General/High Representative

Policy Unit SITCEN Secretariat

Identification of a crisis - close interaction between the SG/HR and his advisory bodies

Political and Security Committee (PSC)

CIVCOM EU Military Committee

PSC discusses the draft CMC and requests advice on civilian and military aspects

PSC agrees on CMC and presents it to COREPER/Council, pointing out specifics and different options

COREPER

Council of the European Union

COREPER discusses the CMC. Decisions in COREPER are almost always confirmed by the Council.

Council approves Crisis Management Concept

PSC concludes that EU action is appropriate and assigns SG/HR and the Secretariat to work out a Crisis Management Concept (CMC)

Phase 2

Development of Strategic Options

policy-making body

advisory body

Legend

overview of ESDP bodies

PSC evaluates all strategic options, taking into account the Commission‘s view.Then PSC forwards its draft decision on MSO, PSO and CSO to COREPER/ Council.CIVCOM forwards

PSO‘s & and MSO‘s to PSC

PSC requests CIVCOM to develop Police Strategic Options (PSO) & other Civilian Strategic Options (CSO)

PSC requests EUMC to developMilitary Strategic Options (MSO)

Political and Security Committee (PSC)

The Council assigns PSC to develop strategic options on the basis of the CMC.

EUMS prioritises MSO‘s, reviews military capabilities and gives advice to EUMC

EUMC forwards MSO‘s to PSC

COREPER

Council of the European Union

The Council formally decides on a Joint Action which codifies the mandate, its objectives, financial arrangements etc.

This decision also entails whether the military component of the mission will use NATO assets (Berlin Plus) or rely exclusively on EU-capabilities. The mission‘s chain of command as well as the modalities for the setup of a military OHQ depend on this decision.

CIVCOM EU Military Committee

CPCCEU Military

Staff

Commission presents itsaccompanying measures

CIVCOM cooperates with the CPCC to develop and prioritise PSO‘s & CSO‘s

Phase 3

Concrete Operational Planning

policy-making body

advisory body

Legend

overview of ESDP bodies

COREPER

Council of the European Union

EUMC presents the military CONOPS and provides advice and recommendations, comprising an evaluation of EUMS

CIVCOM presents the police and civilian CONOPS and provides advice and recommendations

Political and Security Committee (PSC)

The Council tasks PSC to initiate operational planning

PSC provides the political/ strategic guidance needed by EUMC to work out an Initiating Military Directive (IMD) which gives basic instructions to the appointed Operation Commander (OpCdr)

EUMC presents the draft IMD (worked out by the EUMS)

PSC approves the Initiating Military Directive (IMD)

OpCdr

Operation Commander and his military headquarter (OHQ) develop a draft military CONOPS

Military PlanningStage

Civilian PlanningStage

PSC requests operational planning on a range of police and civilian measures

a) CONOPS – Concept of Operations

CPCC develops draft police & civilian CONOPS

Council approves the CONOPS

EU Military Committee

CIVCOM

PSC agrees on police, civilian, and military CONOPS and submits them to the Council

CPCC

Note:

Occasionally the formulation of a police/civilian CONOPS has been initiated or even completed before the Council has formally agreed on a Joint Action (Phase 2). The results of this operational planning then form the basis of the mandate integrated in the Joint Action.

Phase 3

Concrete Operational Planning

policy-making body

advisory body

Legend

overview of ESDP bodies

Upon request of the PSC the Operation Commander supported by EUMS works out a draft military OPLAN including Rules of Engagement. Furthermore the process of force generation is initiated.

Council agrees on final OPLANs

CIVCOM presents the police and civilian OPLAN

EUMC presents the military OPLAN

Launch of OperationEstablishment of CoC‘s – Committees of Contributors,

responsible for supervision and support of the mission‘s military and/or civilian component

COREPER

Council of the European Union

b) OPLAN – Operation Plan

Political and Security Committee (PSC)

OpCdrPol HoMCiv HoM

Upon request of the PSC the police and/or civilian Head of Mission supported by the CPCC work out a draft OPLAN. Furthermore the process of force generation is initiated.

Military PlanningStage

Civilian PlanningStage

OpCdr presents draft military OPLAN to EUMC

Pol HoM/Civ HoM present draft police and civilian OPLAN to CIVCOM

PSC agrees on a police/civilian and a military OPLAN and submits them to the Council

The Council tasks PSC to develop the final Operation Plan

CIVCOM EU Military Committee

EU Military Staff

Note:

As the legal basis for any operation, the EU and the host nation sign a “Status of Forces Agreement” (SOFA) for the military component and/or a “Status of Mission Agreement” (SOMA) for the civilian component, both usually preceded by a “Letter of Intent”.However, in most cases the SOFA/SOMA is signed only after the operation has started, or even towards its end.

CPCC

Phase 3

Concrete Operational Planning

policy-making body

advisory body

Legend

overview of ESDP bodies

Past and Current ESDP Operations (04/09)

ARTEMIS

AMM

EU Supp. to AMIS IIEUPOL PROXIMA

CONCORDIA

EUPAT

EUPOL RD CongoEUSEC RD CongoEUFOR RD Congo

EUPOL COPPSEU BAM Rafah

EUFOR Tchad/RCA

EUPOL Afghanistan

EUJUST LEX

EU BAM Moldova

ONGOING MISSIONSCOMPLETED MISSIONS

EUPT Kosovo

ICO/EUSREULEX

EU SSR Guinea Bissao

EUFOR – ALTHEAEUPM

EUMMEUJUST THEMISEUMM Georgia

EU NAVFOR

Click here to fade in/out details

EUPM: European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herze-govina (since 1/03)

EUFOR – ALTHEA:  EU Military Operation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (since 12/04)

EUPOL RD Congo: EU Police Mission in DRC (since 4/05 – previously EUPOL RD Kinshasa)

EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05)

EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform in the DRC (since 7/05)

EU BAM Rafah: EU Border Assistance Mission at Rafah Crossing Point in the Palestinian Territories (since 11/05)

EU BAM Moldova: Border Assistance Mission at Moldovan/Ukrainian border (since 12/05)

EUPOL COPPS: EU Police Mission in the Palestinian Territories (since 1/06)

EUPOL Afghanistan: EU Police Mission in Afghanistan (since 6/07)

EULEX Kosovo: EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (since 02/08)

ICO/EUSR: International Civilian Office/European Special Representative in Kosovo (since 02/08)

EU SSR Guinea Bissao: EU Mission is Support of Security Sector Reform in Guinea-Bissao(since 06/08)

EUMM Georgia: EU Monitoring Mission to Georgia (since 09/08)

EU NAVFOR Somalia/Operation Atalanta: EU Naval Force off the Somali Coast (since 12/08)

CONCORDIA: EU Military Operation in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (3/03 – 12/03)

ARTEMIS: EU Military Operation in Democratic Republic of the Congo (6/03 – 9/03)

EUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police Mission in Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (12/03 – 12/05)

EUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law Mission to Georgia (7/04 – 7/05)

AMM: Aceh Monitoring Mission (8/05 – 12/06)

EUFOR RD Congo: EU Military Operation in the DRC (6/06 – 11/06)

EUMM: EU Monitoring Mission (Western Balkans; 01/2001-12/2007)

EU supporting action to the African Union mission in Darfur AMIS II (8/05-12/07)

EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (12/05 – 06/06)

EUPT Kosovo: EU Planning Team in Kosovo (4/07- 06/08)

EUFOR Tchad/RCA: EU Force in Eastern Tchad & North Eastern CAR (10/07-03/09)

EU BAM

EUMM

COMPLETED MISSIONS

ONGOING MISSIONS

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Ludwigkirchplatz 3-410719 BerlinGermany

Phone ++49 (0)30 – 520 05 65 – 0Fax ++49 (0)30 – 520 05 65 – 90www.zif-berlin.orgresearch@zif-berlin.org

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Mr. Javier Solana Madariaga, since 18. October 1999 Key Facts:• Appointed by the Cologne European Council, June 1999• June 2004: Appointed for a second 5-year-term by the European Council • Mr. Solana is intended to become the first EU Foreign Minister when/if the Constitutional Treaty for Europe enters into forceMain Tasks and capabilities:• Highest official and representative of the European Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)• Announces EU Special Representatives, heads EU‘s diplomatic delegations, influences policy development

The post of High Representative for CFSP was added to that of Secretary-General of the Council in the Amsterdam Treaty in 1997. Until then the Secretary General had been a senior official of the EU, whose task was to prepare the meetings of the European Council and to assist the Presidency (Treaty on European Union, Article 18.3). The importance of the SG/HR massively increased once former NATO-SG Javier Solana was appointed on 18 October 1999. The functions and tasks of the SG/HR were not precisely regulated in the revised EU-Treaty, so it was up to the first officeholder to define his role. Delegating the preparatory assignments of his post mostly to the deputy SG, Solana could focus completely on CFSP and became the most important politician within EU to deal with foreign affairs. The initiation and establishment of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) – amongst others by integrating structures and resources of the Western European Union (WEU) – was crucially promoted by Solana, additionally taking the office of Secretary-General of the WEU in November 1999.The CFSP is the intergovernmental “Second Pillar“ of the European Union and the SG/HR is completely dependent on the consensus of the member states. Whenever the EU-members were able to agree on a common position in foreign policy – e.g. in terms of the Balkans or the Middle East –Solana could act as a powerful negotiator and could thereby boost the importance of his post. In June 2003 the European Council of Thessaloniki asked the SG/HR to develop a European Security Strategy (ESS) , which was presented to and adopted by the Brussels European Council in December 2003. The ESS forms a comprehensive strategic framework for CFSP.

Secretary-General/High Representative (SG/HR)Secretary-General/High Representative (SG/HR)

Homepage of Javier Solana

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Policy Planning and Early Warning Unit (Policy Unit)

Key Facts:• “Solana´s eyes and ears“• Set up on account of declaration No. 6 annexed to the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, naming

the following tasks:– “Monitoring and analysing developments in areas relevant to the CFSP” – “Providing assessments of the Union's foreign and security policy interests and

identifying areas where the CFSP could focus in future”– “Providing timely assessments and early warning of events or situations which may

have significant repercussions for the Union's foreign and security policy, including potential political crises”

– “Producing, at the request of either the Council or the Presidency or on its own initiative, argued policy options papers to be presented under the responsibility of the Presidency as a contribution to policy formulation in the Council, and which may contain analyses, recommendations and strategies for the CFSP”

• Divided into eight task forces: - European Security and Defence Policy, Western Balkans/Central Europe; - Early Warning/Conflict Prevention/Terrorism; - Horizontal Questions; - Latin America; - Russia/Ukraine/Transatlantic/Baltic States; - Asia; - Mediterranean/Middle East/Africa; - Administration/Security and Situation Centre/Crisis Cell

• Officially located at the Council General Secretariat (DG-E), with staff drawn from the member states, the Secretariat and the Commission, but reports directly to the Secretary-General/High Representative

• Access to the political reporting from Commission delegations and information provided by ECHO (Humanitarian Aid Department of the European Commission)

Information

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Joint Situation Centre (SITCEN)

Key Facts:• Set up on 1 January 2003 by the Policy Unit to coincide with the start of the European

Union Police Mission (EUPM) in Bosnia• Located in the Council General Secretariat• SITCEN was established to bring together the expertise of civilian and military staff

from the Policy Unit and the military Situation Centre• Its main task is to monitor developments in crisis regions and to provide risk

assessments for the Secretary-General/High Representative, the PSC and the EUMC. The External Relations (RELEX) Commissioner receives some information as well.

• SITCEN is also intended to improve the cooperation on the field of intelligence cooperation between member states. For that purpose and for setting up a secure communications network, SITCEN also includes intelligence officers.

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Council General SecretariatKey Facts:• With the launch of ESDP, the CFSP-unit inside Council General Secretariat was enlarged to Directorate-

General E (DG-E), dealing with External Relations (one of nine DG´s altogether)• Among other 2nd Pillar bodies, DG-E deals with planning and concrete execution of CFSP/ESDP-missions• It is divided into nine Directorates:

– I Enlargement– II Development– III Multilateral Economic Affairs– IV Transatlantic Relations, UN and Human Rights– V Mediterranean Basin, Middle East, Africa, Asia– VI Western Balkans Region, Eastern Europe and Central Asia– VII European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)– VIII Defence Aspects– IX Civilian Crisis Management and Co-ordination (including a Crisis Response Co-ordination Team – CRCT)

Note: The newly-established CPCC has taken over Directorate IX’s operational planning and conduct tasks in order to strengthen the EU’s civilian crisis response capabilites within ESDP. Directorate IX will continue to deal with horizontal issues (concepts, capabilities, training, etc.) of civilian ESDP and will also remain in charge of the pol-civ aspects of crisis-management, including the preparation of the Crisis Management Concept (CMC)

• Certain shortfalls in the civilian crisis management capacity were identified when conducting the first civilian mission, EUPM. Thus the Council decided to build up a “Planning and Mission Support Capability“ in November 2003 , in order to improve the recruitment of mission staff, planning and provide support to ongoing missions.

• Furthermore a Civilian and Military Planning Cell was created within the EUMS/Council Secretariat to enhance coherence of civilian and military instruments and conduct strategic planning. The CivMilCell is operable since summer 2005.

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Political and Security Committee (PSC)Political and Security Committee (PSC)The central policy-making body of the CFSP/ESDP

Key Facts:• Set up as a permanent board of high officials/ambassadors by

the Helsinki European Council in December 1999 and approved by the Nice European Council a year later

• Legal basis: Articel 25, Consolidated Treaty on European Union, defining the following tasks:

– “monitor the international situation in the areas covered by the CFSP and contribute to the definition of policies by delivering opinions to the Council“

– “exercise, under the responsibility of the Council, political control and strategic direction of crisis management operations.“

– “for the duration of a crisis management operation, as determined by the Council, to take the relevant decisions concerning the political control and strategic direction of the operation“

• PSC meets at least twice weekly in ambassadorial formation in Brussels and less frequently as a board of the political directors

• Supplemented by one delegate of the Commission• The PSC develops resolutions regarding the CFSP/ESDP, but does not finally decide• PSC-members are in close contact with their foreign ministries and represent their

governments’ position in the PSC• In case of a crisis the Secretary-General/High Representative can take the chair in the

PSC

see Council decisions to establish PSC, EUMC and EUMS

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Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM)Key Facts:• CIVCOM was set up as a standing advisory body by Council decision of 22 May 2000

and convened for the first time on 16 June 2000• CIVCOM formally reports to COREPER, but provides advice and expertise on civilian

crisis management mainly to the PSC• Its staff consists of one representative of each member-state plus one delegate of the

Commission• As codified in the guidelines for the work of CIVCOM (annex of the document of

adoption), its tasks are – to assist the PSC and other council bodies by “acquiring a comprehensive view of

the means available to the EU and to Member States to respond to a crisis“– to improve EU´s crisis management capability, e.g. by developing and

implementing lessons learned/ common standards and best-practice, helping to ensure a higher degree of coherence in EU-strategies, helping to improve co-ordination of resources and exchange of information in the EU etc.

• Furthermore, CIVCOM helps to achieve the civilian headline goals (currently the “Civilian Headline Goal 2008“), decided in the Council

• The newly-established Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) provides essential planning assistance and support to CIVCOM, which also closely co-operates with DG-E of the Council General Secretariat, especially Directorate IX

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European Union Military Committee (EUMC)

Key Facts EUMC:•EUMC is the central military forum within the EU•Set up 2001 by Council decision•Consists of permanent military representatives from the member states, who meet at least weekly•Meetings of the member states‘ defence chiefs at least twice a year •EUMC‘s main task is to advise the PSC on military crisis management and to exercise military direction of all military activities within the EU framework

•The EUMC-chairman participates in meetings of the Council, when defence matters are discussed

see Council decisions to establish PSC, EUMC and EUMS

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European Union Military Staff (EUMS)Key Facts EUMS:• EUMS is the planning and supporting body for the EUMC and has over 130 military

personnel• Assigned to conduct early warning, assessment of a crisis and certain response

capabilities and to develop Military Strategic Options • Although EUMS assists the EUMC, it is a department of the

Council General Secretariat and is directly attached to the High Representative. Its staff participates in the Joint Situation Centre (SITCEN)

• EUMS has five divisions:– Policy and Plans– Intelligence– Operations and Exercises– Logistics and Resources– Communications and Information Systems

• The civilian-military (CivMil) Cell within the EU Military Staff provides a joint civ-mil planning capability, bringing together CPCC and military planners under the functional authority of the Civilian Operations Commander, thereby ensuring enhanced civ-mil co-operation from the planning phase

see Council decisions to establish PSC, EUMC and EUMS

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Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)Comité des Représentants Permanents

Key Facts:• COREPER is the preparatory body for the ministerial Council meetings and consists of

the member states‘ highest ranked ambassadors (heads of mission). COREPER covers the full scope of EU business.

• COREPER was set up in 1958, its obligations are described in the Council´s rules of procedure. Its current legal basis is Article 207 of the EC Treaty.

• As codified in Article 207 of the EC Treaty, COREPER‘s main task is to “…be responsible for preparing the work of the Council and for carrying out the tasks assigned to it by the Council“.

• COREPER meets in two formations:– COREPER I: Deputy Permanent Representatives, e.g. dealing with economic,

social, health or agricultural issues, mostly meeting twice a week (on Wednesday, additionally on Friday)

– COREPER II: Permanent Representatives, largely dealing with CFSP and ESDP as well as financial and judicial issues, meeting at least once a week (on Thursday)

• COREPER coordinates and oversees the work of some 250 committees and working groups which prepare the political issues of the Council’s agenda

• Less important topics are mostly decided on by COREPER without being issued again in the Council. Due to the fact that members of COREPER are in constant and close contact with their home governments, COREPER‘s decisions in terms of CFSP and ESDP are usually simply confirmed by the General Affairs and External Relations Council.

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Council of the European Union – General Affairs and External Relations Council Council of the European Union – General Affairs and External Relations Council Final decision-making body for CFSP/ESDP

Key Facts:• The Council of the European Union (‘Council of Ministers’) is the leading legislative and decision-making body within the EU• The GAERC is the foreign ministers‘ formation of the Council • Legal basis: Title V Treaty on European Union, Article 7 ff. EC Treaty• GAERC is chaired by the Presidency’s foreign minister and meets on a monthly basis• Since 2002 the GAERC has convened in separate sessions for general affairs and external

relations. In the latter case the Secretary-General/High Representative for CFSP also takes part at Council meetings. On certain occasions member states‘ defence ministers also attend, as well as Commission delegates.

• Regarding the Common Foreign Security Policy, GAERC’s main tasks are to – define and to implement the CFSP, based on guidelines set by the Heads of State and

Government at the EU Summits– agree on joint actions, regulations, directives, decisions, common positions,

recommendations or opinions • The Council’s agenda is prepared by COREPER. Issues that COREPER has already agreed on

are usually formally approved by the GAERC, which only dwells on select topics at the highest intergovernmental level.

• Unanimity: Decisions in the field of CFSP and ESDP have to be taken by consensus (as codified in Article 23 TEU). Member states have the option of a constructive abstention, obligating them to give a formal explanation on their reasons. A decision is blocked if more than one third of the member states abstains from voting or any state vetoes the decision.

Website of the Council

Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (simplified)

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Secretary General/High Representative

Policy Planning & Early Warning Unit

Council General Secretariat

Political and Security Committee (PSC)

Joint Situation Centre (SITCEN)

Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM)

EU Military Committee(EUMC)

Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

Council of the European Union

European Council (Summit of the Heads of State and Government)

policy-making body

advisory body

EU Military Staff (EUMS)

Civ. Planning & ConductCapability (CPCC)

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Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC)New civilian equivalent to the EU Military Staff (EUMS)

Key Facts:• On 18 June 2007, the EU Council of Ministers agreed on a new chain of command for

civilian ESDP operations amid a growing demand for civilian crisis management operations

• The CPCC is responsible for the planning and conduct of civilian ESDP operations, and is headed by a Civilian Operations Commander who exercises command and control at the strategic level of civilian ESDP operations

• The CPCC staff is divided into – an Operations Unit – a Mission Support Unit

• The CPCC draws on expertise and staff from the Secretariat’s Civilian Crisis Management Directorate, D-GE IX.

• After the take-over of mission planning and conduct by the CPCC, the Crisis Management Directorate (DG-E IX‘s) remains tasked with political and strategic guidance functions

• The CPCC is placed under the political control and strategic direction of the Political and Security Committee (PSC) and the overall authority of the Secretary-General/High Representative

• It will provide planning and support assistance to CIVCOM, similar to EUMS’s assistance to the EUMC