The ESA Science Programme - ESF - ESSC...A new M-Mission to our ice-giants, Uranus and Neptune,...

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use

The ESA Science Programme

Günther Hasinger D/SCI

ESSC Plenary Meeting, Geneva Observatory, 23. May 2018

ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use ESSC Meeting | 23.05.2018 | Slide 2

Four generations of ESA Science Directors

On the occasion of Roger Bonnet’s 80th Birthday SymposiumESTEC, 8.2.2018.

Celebrating the success of Horizon 2000.

Roger Bonnet

1983-2001

David Southwood2001-2011

Alvaro Giménez

2011-2018

GüntherHasinger

2018-


Ice Giants?

Small Bodies?

ESA Solar System Missions

smileSolar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere

proba-3Solar Coronograph


ESA Astrophysics Missions

platoExoplanets & stars

Formation of the elements

xarm


1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026

Hitomi

LISA Pathfinder

Gaia

PROBA-2

Planck

Herschel

Hinode

Venus Express

Suzaku

Rosetta

Mars Express

INTEGRAL

Cluster

XMM-Newton

Cassini-Huygens

SOHO

Hubble

Last update: March 2018 2030

Operational

Implementation

Post-operations

2034

JUICE

Euclid

PLATO

JWST

ExoMars 2016

PROBA-3

BepiColombo

CHEOPS

IRIS

Microscope

XARM

Solar Orbiter

ESA Space Science Missions

SMILE


TGO Korolev Crater

ESA/Roscosmos/CaSSIS, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO


Gaia Data Release 225.4.2018, ILA Berlin


Redefining the foundations of astronomy!

Apr 22 Apr 29 May 6

~13000 Gaia DR2 users peakGaia DR2

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4/25/18 4/30/18 5/5/18 5/10/18 5/15/18

Gaia Release PapersFirst community paper (3.5hrs)


Gaia DR2 Rotation of M31 and M33 from Proper Motion

van der Marel et al., 10.5.2018


Gruber Cosmology Prize for the ESA Planck Team

The ESA Planck Team as a whole, and its principal science team leaders,

Nazzareno Mandolesi and Jean-Loup Puget, have been awarded the prestigious 2018 Gruber Cosmology Prize on May 9, 2018!

Congratulations for this wonderful achievement!


BepiColombo at Kourou Spaceport


Mars Express running gyroless

As of May 15, Mars Express is running

routine science operations with its gyros

turned off. A first in Europe!


Scientific Highlights

The scientific discoveries are just raining down on us and we live in a

wonderful age for astrophysics and space science

Here I show some examples of recent breakthrough discoveries and new

quests.

The ESA Cosmic Vision Programme is already in an excellent position to

embark on some of the major new scientific challenges, and will be

developed to address more.


About 25,000 such objects at any time in our solar system. Next discoveries possible in the near future.

Huge press coverage! Most visible scientific result of 2017 (competing with Kilonova)

Excellent “dual use” of NASA NEO and ESA ops activities!

Wonderful cooperation among observatories.

Watch this space! Exciting new results from HST

expected soon!

1I ‘Oumuamua

Karen MeechU Hawaii

ESO animation

http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/Oumuamua/1I_eso_artistimpression_sm.jpg

http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/info/press-releases/Oumuamua/1I_eso_artistimpression_sm.jpg


‘Oumuamua TrajectoryThe objects gets much fainter as it travels back to outer space. Hubble observations and precision astrometry are necessary to pin down its trajectory.

Recent Hubble data have revealed possibly a tumbling disk instead of a cigar shape.

Belton et al., 2018, ApJ 856, 21


Exoplanets: The Trappist-1 System

Seven temperate

Earth-like planets

around a Jupiter-size

red dwarf star at a

distance of 40 light years

M. Gillon et al., Nature 2017


HST transmission spectroscopy of four TRAPPIST-1 planets

Planets e, f, & g in the habitable zone in the TRAPPIST-1 systemNo prominent near-IR spectral features, ruling out cloud-free H2-dominated atmospheres for d, e & fHigh-altitude cloud & haze not expected in H2-rich atmospheres under these illumination conditions

Conclusion: consistent with terrestrial & potentially habitable nature

de Wit et al. 2018, Nature


From the surface of one of the Trappist-1 planets

But beware of the influence of stellar activity and the strong stellar magnetic field on habitability! The surface may consist of liquid lava!


Proxima B: Will future telescopes be able to image it?

Proxima B

To find “Earth-2” is the Holy Grail of contemporary astrophysics.

Students are voting with their feet.

The vision to some time in the future fly to a nearby habitable planet catches the imagination.


CHEOPS / ESA, CH, et al. PLATO / ESA

JWST / NASA, ESA, CSAARIEL / ESA

Bright future for ESA Exoplanet studies!

2019

2020

2026

2028


Uranus/Neptune-size planets

and super-Earths are the most

abundant classes of exoplanets.

The only ground-truth we have on these types of

objects thus far is from Voyager 2 flybys of

Uranus (1986) and Neptune (1989). An

exploration mission to our ice giants will play a

critical role understanding our own planetary

system and those beyond

Exoplanet and Solar System Synergies


INTERIORS

MOONS

ATMOSPHERES

RINGS

MAGNETOSPHERES

ORIGINS

Scientific Themes for a Mission to the Ice Giants

From L2 and L3 Science Themes Meeting, Paris September 2013

C. Arridge 2013


M*:Uranus & Neptune Trajectories with Jupiter Flyby

Uranus Neptune

NASA Ice Giant pre-decadal study final report (2017)


Next Steps

NASA-ESA joint study to extend the NASA Ice Giants

study keeping in mind potential future collaboration

Joint study to define the potential options

• Refine trajectories to reach all target bodies

• Identify technology needs


Bringing Sound to the Movies! First GW/GRB!

LISA/Athena Synergy!


Text books have to be re-written!Neutron-star merger produces the heavy elements:

We are not only stardust, but also neutron-star dust …

… and about 10% from the Big Bang !


Ligo

Athena

LIGO Masses of Black Holes

• Are primordial

Black Holes part of

the Dark Matter?

• How are Black Holes formed?

• How are the heavy

elements formed?

LISA/Athena Synergy

LISA

Athena & LISA need to fly close together


Athena and LISA synergy

• The hot and violent universe: Strong gravity produces high energy radiation and gravitational waves.

• “Bringing sound to the movies”: crucial orthogonal information on physical processes, e.g. neutron star and black hole mergers.

• Black holes may contribute to the mysterious Dark Matter, solving two riddles simultaneously.

The Athena and LISA team are working jointly on a study about these synergies.


Vision for Science and CM19

Ambition: strengthen Science both through dedicated missions spanning a range of

sizes, as well as through synergies with other activities.

A ~20% increase of the Science Program LoR will enable:

Maximum synergy between LISA and Athena (their flying together will create a

unique science opportunity);

A new M-Mission to our ice-giants, Uranus and Neptune, utilizing a unique

celestial constellation 2028-2032 in the frame of a cooperation with NASA;

A line of F-missions in sync with M-missions (to exploit the joint launch), creating

a series of new opportunities with special emphasis on novel implementations;

Payload system responsibility/provision alleviate/facilitate/support Member

State provision (also relative to LISA/Athena synergy);

Science & Technology Preparation for the next set of L & M Missions (CV 2050)


Papers discussed at SPC/HoD workshop May 16/17

1. Provision of scientific instrumentation for Science Programme missions

Broad consensus on the need for an early (limited) engagement of ESA in the payload

system engineering and procurement support, but details need to be better defined.

Way forward: bilateral discussions with individual member states and formation of a

working group of specialists from ESA and MS.

2. Towards a Call for an “F” mission

Agreement on the attractiveness of a special opportunity (F1) mission with innovative

implementation scenario, but wish to broaden the range of scientific topics.

Inclusion of a line of F missions into the program requires an increase of the science

budget.

Further Discussion at June SSAC and SPC meetings.


‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 ‘25 ‘26 ‘27 ‘28 ‘29 ‘30 ‘31 ‘32 ‘33 ‘34 ‘35 ‘36 ‘37 ‘38 ‘39 ‘40 ‘41 ‘42 ‘43 ‘44 ‘45 ‘462020

Decadal Survey

2030 Decadal Survey

ATHENA

LISA

JWST

HST ?

JUICE at Jupiter

WFIRST ?

Euclid

E_ELT

Plato

M5

TMT

GMT

BepiColombo at Mercury

ExoMars

Solar Orbiter

NASA Strategic

ESA Large

Groundbased

ESA Medium/F/S

‘47 ‘48 ‘492050

Decadal Survey

CHEOPS

2040 Decadal Survey

ARIEL


‘17 ‘18 ‘19 ‘20 ‘21 ‘22 ‘23 ‘24 ‘25 ‘26 ‘27 ‘28 ‘29 ‘30 ‘31 ‘32 ‘33 ‘34 ‘35 ‘36 ‘37 ‘38 ‘39 ‘40 ‘41 ‘42 ‘43 ‘44 ‘45 ‘462020

Decadal Survey

2030 Decadal Survey

ATHENA

LISA

JWST

HST ?

JUICE at Jupiter

WFIRST ?

Next Generation Observatory

Euclid

E_ELT

Next Generation Observatory

Next. Generation L Mission L4

Plato

ARIEL & F1

M5. & F2

M7

TMT

GMT

M8 & F3BepiColombo at Mercury

ExoMars

Solar Orbiter

NASA Strategic

ESA Large

Groundbased

ESA Medium/F/S

‘47 ‘48 ‘49

M9

2050 Decadal Survey

CHEOPS

2040 Decadal Survey

M* Ice Giant Mission Uranus? Neptune?

Ice Giant Mission

Next. Generation L5


CMIN 2019 proposal

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COSMIC VISION Long Term Plan: new activities in greenPayload Support - Athena/LISA advance and payload support - M* to icy giants in 2030 - F2 in 2032

ARIEL 2028

Athena 2031

M5 2032

LISA 2034

M7 2036

F1 2028

JWST 20

BC 18

SO 20

Euclid 22

JUICE 22

PLATO 26

M* 2030

F2 2032

Athena/LISA advance and

payload support

Missions in Orbit

Small Missions & MoO

Technology development, Preparation for the future, and Science support

Programme Contingency 7%

Payload Support

COSMIC VISION

2050

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3rd PartyEC, Eumetsat…

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Telecommunication

Science and Exploration

Enabling and SupportTransportation, Operation, Technology

ESA Long Term View3

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Safety and Security

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Thank you very much!

The ESA Science Programme - ESF - ESSC...A new M-Mission to our ice-giants, Uranus and Neptune,...

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Transcript of The ESA Science Programme - ESF - ESSC...A new M-Mission to our ice-giants, Uranus and Neptune,...