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The ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Reinforcing Institutional Capacity for Timely Food Security Emergency Response
to Slow Onset Crises at Scale
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Why do we need this?
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Research shows us that:• Lack of clear and predictive livelihood and market
analysis, so responses aren’t appropriate or adequate
• Contingency planning lacks a robust understanding of livelihoods and markets, with few indicators about who needs to act and when;
• Little formal response analysis takes place, and does not focus on an overall analysis of needs;
• Traditional situation analysis begins post-shock, too late to conduct a response analysis that enables people to protect their livelihoods.
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
What does the SRAF consist of?Critical features of the Situation and Response Analysis Framework:•SRAF is part of emergency preparedness and contingency planning. •SRAF is an on-going process.•SRAF addresses how interventions or the work of any single agency fits into the larger picture of what other agencies, national governments and local communities themselves are doing.•SRAF causal factors as well as the outcomes themselves of any given situation. The SRAF was developed embracing the following approaches:•Household Economic Analysis (HEA) •Market system analysis •Early analysis •Repeated analysis •Transparent analysis and planning
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
SRAF Objectives
SRAF is designed to support better short-term responses to slow-onset food security crises. Better means, •Early: to protect assets•Appropriate: to peoples livelihoods•Proportionate: to need
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
• Timing is Critical: we need to analyse, prepare and respond early to protect lives and livelihoods
• Understanding people: it is necessary to understand livelihoods, the markets they depend on and the impact of a crisis thereon
• Rapid Funding Mechanisms: understand the resources required, to take appropriate action and release funds before a crisis peaks
• Responses based on need: supporting early, context-appropriate, short-term responses to meet needs and mitigate impacts
• Repeat, repeat, repeat: response analysis must be iterative to be relevant
• An adaptive framework: the framework can be used by government, donors, UN agencies, NGOs
ERC SRAF Guiding Principles
The Framework
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
PlanningPlanning
Needs Assessment
Needs Assessment
AnalysisAnalysis
ActionAction
Shock
Forecasts of hazard
Immediate Food AssistanceImmediate Food Assistance
The traditional approach
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Early AnalysisEarly AnalysisDevelop Strategic PrioritiesDevelop Strategic Priorities
Analysing the impact of different shocks; quantify needs & geographic focus
Analysing the impact of different shocks; quantify needs & geographic focus
Early PlanningEarly Planning
Identify response options, start up times and key milestones
Identify response options, start up times and key milestones
Baseline Assessment
Baseline Assessment
Livelihood AssessmentLivelihood Assessment
Market Assessment Market Assessment
Background review; historical dataBackground review; historical data
Early ActionEarly Action Timely and appropriate humanitarian assistance in the short-medium termTimely and appropriate humanitarian assistance in the short-medium term
Update Scenarios & Contingency Plan
Engagement with communities, government, donors, UN, NGOs and private
sector
Engagement with communities, government, donors, UN, NGOs and private
sector
The SRAF
Reducing vulnerability and contributing to resilience building in the medium-long term
Shock
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
2 MONTH LEAD
SRAF
What this means: a timeline
Traditional Approach
The SRAF Response Lead
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
When and where the SRAF is valuable
Requirement for quantitative and detailed evidence for interventions, responses, programme design is a priority.
Detailed data at household and local level is available to conduct detailed analysis of food and income gap.
Participation of local stakeholders including government is secured.Contexts where shocks are repeated and predictable through forecasts. Particularly slow onset crises such as droughtCommitment to Technical prerequisites:-HEA is available or will be conducted -PCMMA is available or will be conductedProgramming aims to embrace principles of market based approaches. Funding commitment exists to a) repeatedly run the response analysis and b) intervene early when evidence
When to use the SRAF
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Baseline Assessments: the two pillars
Market analysis Market analysis
Livelihood Analysis
Livelihood Analysis
Pre-crisis Market Mapping and Analysis (PCMMA)Pre-crisis Market Mapping and Analysis (PCMMA)
Household Economy AnalysisRapid Household Economy Analysis
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Pre-Crisis Market Mapping and Analysis
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
The Household Economy Approach
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
The HEA Dashboard
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Early AnalysisEarly Analysis
Step B: Develop detailed scenario modellingStep B: Develop detailed scenario modelling
Step A: Map livelihoods calendarStep A: Map livelihoods calendar
Step C: Determine strategic objectivesStep C: Determine strategic objectives
Early Analysis Process
Identify Hazard, Livelihoods And Market Monitoring Parameters
Identify Hazard, Livelihoods And Market Monitoring Parameters
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
CASE STUDY: Marsabit Water Access
One of the scenarios considered during a Response Analysis workshop in Marsabit, Kenya in October 2013 was “Below Average Short Rains” in November and December.
Step A: Map Livelihoods Calendar• Changes in the quantities of households key sources of food, income and expenditure• Changes in the price of households key sources of food, income and expenditure • Changes in Non-food factors such as Water, Health, Nutrition, Education• Changes in Prices and Quantities used as an input for developing scenarios in Step B• Changes in Non-food factors are used to develop Strategic Objectives in Step C• Changes in Market Chain, Market Environment and Infrastructure and Services
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Step B: Develop detailed scenarios• To quickly model the impact of a forecast hazard you will need to use the HEA
Dashboard for the rapid development of quantified scenarios in the SRAF. o The population of the Livelihood Zones o Projected Changes in Prices and Quantities from the Crisis Calendar developed
in Step Ao Price Data for the Reference Year
• The projected changes in household’s sources of food, income and expenditure can be summarized in the Key Parameters template.
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Step C: Determine Strategic ObjectivesUsing the results worksheet of your HEA Dashboard developed in Step B, you should develop strategic objectives that address the projected needs in the scenario developed in Step B. These projected needs can be different for different wealth groups and whether they face a survival or livelihoods deficit.
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Early PlanningEarly Planning
Step E: Identify agency priorities and parametersStep E: Identify agency priorities and parameters
Step D: Select appropriate interventionsStep D: Select appropriate interventions
Step F: Map start-up timelines and prepareStep F: Map start-up timelines and prepare
Early Planning Process
Monitor hazard, livelihood and market parameters – and refine models and update plans
Monitor hazard, livelihood and market parameters – and refine models and update plans
Communicate to partners, communities and donorsCommunicate to partners, communities and donors
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Step D: Select Appropriate Interventions
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Step E: Identify Agency Priorities and ParametersUsing the selected interventions, analyse what your agency has implement over the past 3 or 4 years, and what is currently being implemented by other agencies in the area.
Objective and Interventions Agency Strategic Partner
To protect prime shoats from loss or stress sales (prime breeding stocks) of 65,000 very poor and poor Agro-pastoralists for 6 months (November to April)
1. Livestock feeding
1. Livestock vaccination campaigns
1. Strategic deworming
1. Destocking
1. Support District Veterinary office in management and treatment of livestock diseases
1. Provision of water for the livestock
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Step F: Map Start-Up Timelines and Prepare The first step in mapping your start-up timelines and decision dates is to identify the “windows of opportunity” for the interventions that you have selected for your agency.
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
Early Action Process
React to changes in hazard, livelihood and market parameter data and re-run modelling
React to changes in hazard, livelihood and market parameter data and re-run modelling
Implement range of timely and appropriate interventions
Implement range of timely and appropriate interventions
Use timelines for decision-making processesUse timelines for decision-making processes
Early ActionEarly Action Feed into IPC technical working groups/clustersFeed into IPC technical working groups/clusters
Monitor impact of activities Monitor impact of activities
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
SRAF and Responding to System Challenges
Discussions with operational agencies, donors and Governments revealed that improvements in livelihood analysis and contingency planning would not lead directly to early response. Early response were constrained by a series of ‘systems problems’:•Local Consensus about Livelihoods and vulnerability•Early Funding•Local Coordination•Agency Preparedness•Flexible long-term funding•Early warning: predictive and analytical
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
• Coordination:o The SRAF sits alongside and complements Early Warning / Early Action
systems, providing predictive and timely analysis where missing and providing alternative analysis where EW/EA is absent
• Fundingo The SRAF can provide an ideal mechanism for determining when to
release these crisis modifier funds – and where to target them. o Where early funding is not available the SRAF can provide practical,
programmatic evidence that can be used to support advocacy for early funding.
• Implementation planso The SRAF process is to understand the windows of opportunity, the
operations and funding start-up times and to work backwards, to understand what are the key decision points for the timely implementation of certain interventions.
SRAF and Responding to System Challenges
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
SRAF and Responding to System Challenges
SRAF in action
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
• Save the Children is implementing a two-year, £10 million DFID funded project, using the Response Analysis process to prepare a Crisis Modifier Operational Plan (CMOP) for two governorates.
• The process revealed that the £500,000 Crisis Modifier fund would be too low to meet needs the scenario of a food price increase.
• The SRAF can therefore contribute to the design of longer-term livelihoods programs by helping to identify the vulnerability of specific populations to common hazards.
Pilots and Results: RA, Yemen, June 2014
ERC Situation and Response Analysis Framework
HTTP://WWW.SRAF-GUIDELINES.ORG/