The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in...

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The Enlightenment

Transcript of The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in...

Page 1: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

The Enlightenment

Page 2: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

What Was the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18th century that led to

a whole new world view.

Page 3: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.
Page 4: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Influences of the Renaissance, Reformation, Exploration and Scientific

Revolution• 1.

• 2.

• 3.

• 4.

Page 5: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Key Beliefs of the Philosophes

• Deism

• Reason

• Nature

• Happiness

• Progress

• Liberty

Page 6: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Enlightenment Principles

• Religion, tradition, and superstition limited independent thought

• Accept knowledge based on observation, logic, and reason, not on faith

• Scientific and academic thought should be secular

A meeting of French Enlightenment thinkers

Page 7: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

The French Salon and the Philosophes

Madame de Pompadour

• Madame de Pompadour• Salons: gatherings for

aristocrats to discuss new theories and ideas

• Philosophes: French Enlightenment thinkers who attended the salons

Page 8: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Enlightenment Thinkers

Page 9: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.
Page 10: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)

• Applied rational analysis to the study of government

• Attacked the concept of divine right, yet supported a strong monarchy

• Believed that humans were basically driven by passions and needed to be kept in check by a powerful ruler

• Social contract between ruler and people

Page 11: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

John Locke (1632–1704)• The “State of Nature”

• Tabula rasa

• Treatises of Government

• Natural rights – life, liberty, property

• Gov. should protect rights

• Gov. power comes from consent of people

• Right to rebel against an unjust government

Page 12: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Voltaire (1694–1778)• Most famous philosophe

• Wrote plays, essays, poetry, philosophy, and books

• Attacked the “relics” of the medieval social order

• Championed social, political, and religious tolerance (freedom of speech and religion)

Page 13: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau(1712–1778)

• Philosophized on the nature of society and government

• The Social Contract – based on the “general will” of society

• All people are equal• Best government =

direct democracy

Page 14: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Baron de Montesquieu (1689–1755)

• French noble and political philosopher

• The Spirit of the Laws• Separation of powers• Checks and balances• Constitutional

monarchyFrontspiece to The Spirit of the Laws

Page 15: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Beccaria

• Promotes Criminal Justice• Abolition of torture• Abolition of death penalty• Speedy trial

Page 16: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Women and the Enlightenment

• Changing views• Role of education• Equality• A Vindication of the

Rights of Women

Mary Wollstonecraft

Page 17: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

“Enlightened Monarchs”• Most of Europe ruled by

absolute monarchs

• Receptive to Enlightenment ideas

• Instituted new laws and practices

Enlightened Monarchs

• Frederick II, Prussia

• Catherine the Great, Russia

•Joseph II, Holy Roman Empire

Page 18: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Frederick the Great (ruled 1740–1786)

• Prussian ruler• Had a strong interest in

Enlightenment works• Induced Voltaire to come

to Prussia• Wanted to make Prussia a

modern state• Reforms

Painting titled “Frederick the Great and Voltaire.”

Page 19: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Joseph II (ruled 1765–1790)

• Ruled as coregent with his mother until 1780

• Joseph’s reforms• Religious

toleration• Abolition of

serfdom• Freedom of

press• Legal reforms

Page 20: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Catherine the Great(ruled 1762–1796)

• Russian ruler• Well-versed in

Enlightenment works• “Westernizing”

Russia• Religious toleration• Abolished torture &

capital punishment• Peasant revolt

Page 21: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Effects of the Enlightenment

• Belief in Progress

• More Secular Outlook

• Importance of the Individual

• New Trends in Art, Literature, & Music

Page 22: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

Spread of Enlightenment ideas• Salons• Diderot’s Encyclopedia• Books, letters, visits,

newspapers, magazine articles helped ideas reach middle class

Page 23: The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.

The Legacy of the Enlightenment

• Government• Society• Education

The signing of the U.S. Constitution


The Enlightenment Mr. Ott - Global History & Geography @ BETA AIM: What was the Enlightenment? Do Now: What era/revolution led to the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment Mr. Ott - Global History & Geography @ BETA AIM: What was the Enlightenment? Do Now: What era/revolution led to the Enlightenment?

The Enlightenment. Reading Focus How was the Enlightenment influenced by reason? What new views did philosophers have about government? What new views.

The Enlightenment. Reading Focus How was the Enlightenment influenced by reason? What new views did philosophers have about government? What new views.

The Age of Reason & Enlightenment The Origins of Enlightenment? SCIENTIFIC: SCIENTIFIC: Newtons system was synonymous with the empirical and the practical.

The Age of Reason & Enlightenment The Origins of Enlightenment? SCIENTIFIC: SCIENTIFIC: Newtons system was synonymous with the empirical and the practical.

The Enlightenment The Age of Reason. Path to the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a 18 th century philosophical movement built on the achievements.

The Enlightenment The Age of Reason. Path to the Enlightenment The Enlightenment was a 18 th century philosophical movement built on the achievements.

Enlightenment Absolutism and the Balance of Powerhbaun.weebly.com/uploads/5/2/8/9/52895217/world_history_enlightenment.pdfAustria was one of the greatest European states by the Enlightenment

Enlightenment Absolutism and the Balance of Powerhbaun.weebly.com/uploads/5/2/8/9/52895217/world_history_enlightenment.pdfAustria was one of the greatest European states by the Enlightenment

European Culture: The Question of Turkey. The Enlightenment, Modernity, and European Identity The Enlightenment was a European philosophical movement.

European Culture: The Question of Turkey. The Enlightenment, Modernity, and European Identity The Enlightenment was a European philosophical movement.

{ The Enlightenment The Age of Reason. The Enlightenment was a 18 th century philosophical movement built on the achievements of the Scientific Revolution.

{ The Enlightenment The Age of Reason. The Enlightenment was a 18 th century philosophical movement built on the achievements of the Scientific Revolution.

The Philosophes and Their Ideas France was the capital of the Enlightenment. Leaders of the Enlightenment were called “Philosophes”. Writers, professors,

The Philosophes and Their Ideas France was the capital of the Enlightenment. Leaders of the Enlightenment were called “Philosophes”. Writers, professors,

The Enlightenment in Europe. Enlightenment “The Enlightenment” – an intellectual movement “The Age of Reason” based on the Scientific Revolution: Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment in Europe. Enlightenment “The Enlightenment” – an intellectual movement “The Age of Reason” based on the Scientific Revolution: Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment 1650-1789. Big Questions 1.What was the Enlightenment and how did it reflect new scientific ideas? 2.How did Enlightenment writers and.

The Enlightenment 1650-1789. Big Questions 1.What was the Enlightenment and how did it reflect new scientific ideas? 2.How did Enlightenment writers and.

THE ENLIGHTENMENT What was so enlightening about it?

THE ENLIGHTENMENT What was so enlightening about it?

Journal 3/24 Turn to 544. Read the section titled Scientific Rev. Sparks the Enlightenment. What was the Enlightenment? Who were John Locke and Thomas.

Journal 3/24 Turn to 544. Read the section titled Scientific Rev. Sparks the Enlightenment. What was the Enlightenment? Who were John Locke and Thomas.

The Enlightenment or The Age of Reason. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment: intellectual movement in Europe during the 1700s that led to new.

The Enlightenment or The Age of Reason. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment: intellectual movement in Europe during the 1700s that led to new.

Enlightenment on the Margins: The Catholic Enlightenment ...

Enlightenment on the Margins: The Catholic Enlightenment ...

The Enlightenment Chapter 10, Section 2. What was the Enlightenment? Enlightenment – an eighteenth century philosophical movement of individuals impressed.

The Enlightenment Chapter 10, Section 2. What was the Enlightenment? Enlightenment – an eighteenth century philosophical movement of individuals impressed.

Essential Question : What was the impact of the Enlightenment? Warm-Up Question :

Essential Question : What was the impact of the Enlightenment? Warm-Up Question :

The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening...The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening Objective: What was the impact of the Enlightenment (British/American) and The Great Awakening

The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening...The Enlightenment and The Great Awakening Objective: What was the impact of the Enlightenment (British/American) and The Great Awakening

The age of enlightenment The age of enlightenment.

The age of enlightenment The age of enlightenment.

Notes – 11-1-13. The Enlightenment was an 18 th century philosophical movement built off the achievements of the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment.

Notes – 11-1-13. The Enlightenment was an 18 th century philosophical movement built off the achievements of the Scientific Revolution. The Enlightenment.

What was the impact of the Enlightenment? Warm-Up …duluthworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/...4impactoftheenlightenment... · –What was the impact of the Enlightenment? Warm-Up

What was the impact of the Enlightenment? Warm-Up …duluthworldhistory.weebly.com/uploads/...4impactoftheenlightenment... · –What was the impact of the Enlightenment? Warm-Up