The English The English TransplantationsTransplantations

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Early ChesapeakeEarly Chesapeake

JamestownJamestown James Divided the “New World” into two James Divided the “New World” into two

territoriesterritories• North = Puritan CompanyNorth = Puritan Company• South = London CompanySouth = London Company

London Company moved quicklyLondon Company moved quickly• Enter Chesapeake in 1607Enter Chesapeake in 1607• JamestownJamestown

Jamestown IJamestown I

Easily defendedEasily defended But:But:

Swampy = disease = malariaSwampy = disease = malaria Hot/humidHot/humid Thick woodsThick woods Middle of native strongholdMiddle of native stronghold No laborers, only elite, so few skillsNo laborers, only elite, so few skills Entirely male, greedy = poor diets = starvationEntirely male, greedy = poor diets = starvation

Jamestown I Cont’dJamestown I Cont’d

John SmithJohn Smith Raids local Raids local

natives/kidnapsnatives/kidnaps imposed work imposed work

orderorder only 12 of 200 die only 12 of 200 die

the following the following winterwinter

Jamestown IIJamestown II

1609 New Charter from king1609 New Charter from king LC sells stock to “adventurers” LC sells stock to “adventurers” LC sells stock to “planters” LC sells stock to “planters” LC offers “free” passage to poorer people who LC offers “free” passage to poorer people who

would work as indentured servants for seven yearswould work as indentured servants for seven years

1609 Great Fleet 600 persons, women and 1609 Great Fleet 600 persons, women and childrenchildren

one ship lost at seaone ship lost at sea one ship run aground in Bermudaone ship run aground in Bermuda many died of fever/starvation once landingmany died of fever/starvation once landing

Jamestown II Cont’dJamestown II Cont’d

Starving TimeStarving Time landed just before winter 1609landed just before winter 1609 Bermuda Boat arrives in May, only 60 are Bermuda Boat arrives in May, only 60 are

alive alive headed home… but run into Lord DeLaWarrheaded home… but run into Lord DeLaWarr Turned aroundTurned around

Jamestown IIIJamestown III

Harsh and rigid disciplineHarsh and rigid discipline Work groupsWork groups Harsh punishment (flogged, broke at Harsh punishment (flogged, broke at

wheel)wheel) Governor Dale allows private ownership of Governor Dale allows private ownership of

landland

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ Tobacco Tobacco

1600s tobacco is widely 1600s tobacco is widely used in Europeused in Europe

1612 J. Rolfe harvests 1612 J. Rolfe harvests strong tobaccostrong tobacco

demand soarsdemand soars plant exhausts land after plant exhausts land after

a few years, demand for a few years, demand for land grewland grew

colony is still failingcolony is still failing

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

Headright systemHeadright system 50 acres to each family member to travel to 50 acres to each family member to travel to

New World New World encouraged families to move to the New encouraged families to move to the New

WorldWorld BankruptBankrupt

1622 Indian raids kill settlers, interest in 1622 Indian raids kill settlers, interest in colonycolony

1624 James I revokes charter1624 James I revokes charter

ColoniesColonies

MarylandMaryland

Est. by Lord Est. by Lord Baltimore aka George Baltimore aka George CalvertCalvert wealthy wealthy

businessmanbusinessman English CatholicEnglish Catholic Died before it could Died before it could

be realizedbe realized

VirginiaVirginia

Now run directly from King not London Now run directly from King not London Company (bankrupt)Company (bankrupt)

Sir William BerkeleySir William Berkeley appointed gov. by King Jamesappointed gov. by King James agreed not to move west of negotiated line agreed not to move west of negotiated line

with Indians with Indians Population Boom Population Boom

population doubles population doubles 1660 = 40,0001660 = 40,000

Virginia Cont’dVirginia Cont’d

Bacon’s Rebellion Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel BaconNathaniel Bacon

• new land owner in new land owner in west areawest area

• wanted to keep wanted to keep expanding expanding

Virginia Cont’dVirginia Cont’d

Landowners vs. Landless servantsLandowners vs. Landless servants Bacon leads revoltBacon leads revolt goes across color linegoes across color line burns city and drives Berkeley into exileburns city and drives Berkeley into exile

Conclusion from revolt:Conclusion from revolt: import a underclass of servants who cannot import a underclass of servants who cannot

demand landdemand land

Caribbean Caribbean

All islands in Caribbean claimed by Spain All islands in Caribbean claimed by Spain sugarsugar Sugar harvest=hard workSugar harvest=hard work By late 1600s four slaves to every single By late 1600s four slaves to every single

white personwhite person

New EnglandNew England

Puritans Part I (Plymouth)Puritans Part I (Plymouth)

Scrooby Group Scrooby Group 1620 Mayflower 1620 Mayflower

Original destination was Original destination was the Hudson River (NY) the Hudson River (NY) but…but…

ended up on Cape Cod ended up on Cape Cod (Mass) (Mass)

Plymouth RockPlymouth Rock

Puritans Part I (Plymouth) Cont’dPuritans Part I (Plymouth) Cont’d Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

Swore allegiance to the king, even though they were Swore allegiance to the king, even though they were outside the territory outside the territory

Dec. 21 1620Dec. 21 1620 ½ died but colony survived½ died but colony survived

Less Hostile to Natives than VirginiansLess Hostile to Natives than Virginians Wampanoag's essential to early growth and survivalWampanoag's essential to early growth and survival Squanto and SomosetSquanto and Somoset

• Spoke English!Spoke English!• Gather seafoodGather seafood• CornCorn• HuntHunt• Small PoxSmall Pox

Puritans Part I (Plymouth) Cont’dPuritans Part I (Plymouth) Cont’d

1621 October Harvest Festival1621 October Harvest Festival gave thanks to Indians for helping themgave thanks to Indians for helping them First Thanksgiving… ?First Thanksgiving… ?

Plymouth PlantationPlymouth Plantation elected governor, William Bradfordelected governor, William Bradford privatized landsprivatized lands Strong belief that God had put them there Strong belief that God had put them there

Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Bay Experiment)Bay Experiment)

Struggle in EnglandStruggle in England James I tried to rule absolutelyJames I tried to rule absolutely Oppressive towards PuritansOppressive towards Puritans James I dies / Charles I takes overJames I dies / Charles I takes over CatholicCatholic

Mass. Bay CompanyMass. Bay Company Puritan merchants put $$$ togetherPuritan merchants put $$$ together King unaware, signs charterKing unaware, signs charter Incentives start as financial, butIncentives start as financial, but became very became very

religiousreligious

Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Bay Experiment) Cont’dBay Experiment) Cont’d

John WinthropJohn Winthrop Leader of expeditionLeader of expedition 17 ships17 ships 1000 people, families1000 people, families largest migration of 17th centurylargest migration of 17th century

CitiesCities Boston (Charles River) became capitalBoston (Charles River) became capital Charlestown, Concord and 8 other major dev. in ten Charlestown, Concord and 8 other major dev. in ten

yearsyears Different from PlymouthDifferent from Plymouth

No intention of breaking away from Anglican ChurchNo intention of breaking away from Anglican Church

Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Puritans Part II (Massachusetts Bay Experiment)Bay Experiment)

““City upon a Hill” SocietyCity upon a Hill” Society 1634 Elections1634 Elections Law required attendance of religious servicesLaw required attendance of religious services Dissidents had no freedom of worship in AmericaDissidents had no freedom of worship in America TheocracyTheocracy

Jamestown vs. Mass. Bay (Plymouth and Jamestown vs. Mass. Bay (Plymouth and Boston)Boston) Indians + Pilgrims worked together Indians + Pilgrims worked together Families helped secure commitmentFamilies helped secure commitment Strong religious + political hierarchy Strong religious + political hierarchy stability stability WORK ETHICWORK ETHIC

Massachusetts Massachusetts ExodusExodus

Connecticut Connecticut

Thomas HookerThomas Hooker Established HartfordEstablished Hartford

New Haven New Haven 1662 connected to 1662 connected to

Connecticut Connecticut

Rhode Island Rhode Island

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams Winthrop Winthrop

considered RW to considered RW to be a “heretic”be a “heretic”

Providence Providence

Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson

Outspoken womanOutspoken woman Questioned church Questioned church Trial Trial Banished Banished

Friends + Differences + Greed Friends + Differences + Greed =Enemies=Enemies

Relationship between Relationship between whites and Indians whites and Indians

TensionsTensions OverhuntingOverhunting Demand for livestockDemand for livestock Demand for landDemand for land Further East, stronger Further East, stronger

tribestribes

Pequot War 1637Pequot War 1637 Dispute over landDispute over land

King Philip’s War 1670s King Philip’s War 1670s

England Drama! England Drama! 1625 James I dies1625 James I dies Son takes over Son takes over 1642 Civil War1642 Civil War

Cavaliers (Loyalists) vs. Cavaliers (Loyalists) vs. Roundheads (Puritans)Roundheads (Puritans)

Roundheads win and Roundheads win and decapitate Charles Idecapitate Charles I

Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell “protector” “protector”

More Colonies (Yipee!)More Colonies (Yipee!)

Carolina (Latin for Carolina (Latin for Charles)Charles) North Carolina North Carolina

New Jersey New Jersey Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

Quakers Quakers William PennWilliam Penn

More Colonies (Yipee!) Cont’dMore Colonies (Yipee!) Cont’d

Georgia Georgia General James Oglethorpe General James Oglethorpe

• Military Barrier against Spain Military Barrier against Spain • help indebted prisonershelp indebted prisoners

PoliciesPolicies• No SlavesNo Slaves• No AlcoholNo Alcohol• Regulated trade with IndiansRegulated trade with Indians• No Catholics (ally w. No Catholics (ally w.

Spanish)Spanish) FailedFailed

• People wanted slaves, People wanted slaves, moved out to SCmoved out to SC

Re-organizing Re-organizing Navigation Acts Navigation Acts

Mercantile system Mercantile system Rebel Puritans Rebel Puritans Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

James II widely unpopularJames II widely unpopular Parliament invited Mary and Parliament invited Mary and

her husband William of her husband William of Orange to assume the Orange to assume the thronethrone

James II runs away to James II runs away to FranceFrance