The english subjunctive
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Transcript of The english subjunctive
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(old THE ENGLISH SUBJUNCTIVE
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YOU HAVE LEARNED A LOT OF VERB TENSES SO FAR:SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT PERFECTPAST CONTINUOUSPRESENT PERFECT
ETC. ETC. ETC.
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THE SUBJUNCTIVE IS ONE MORE!
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LANGUAGE CHANGES OVER TIME.
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500 YEARS AGO, IN SHAKESPEARE’S TIME, AND THE TIME THE BIBLE WAS
TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH, THERE WAS A LOT OF SUBJUNCTIVE
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FOR EXAMPLE, FROM THE BIBLE:
BLESSED BE THE PEACEMAKERS.(= THE PEACEMAKERS SHOULD BE
BLESSED.)
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FOR EXAMPLE, FROM SHAKESPEARE:
WOULD THAT HE WERE HERE (= I WISH THAT HE WAS HERE)
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NOW, THE SUBJUNCTIVE IS SLOWLY DISAPPEARING FROM ENGLISH, BUT
SOMETIMES WE STILL USE IT.
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PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE IS THE BASE FORM OF THE VERB:
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I BE, YOU BE, HE BE, SHE BE, THEY BE, YOU BE, WE BE
I GO, YOU GO, HE GO, SHE GO, THEY GO, YOU GO, WE GO
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WE USE THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE AFTER CERTAIN VERBS AND ADJECTIVES
THAT “TAKE” THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
THESE ARE WORDS THAT COMMUNICATE ADVICE, NECESSITY AND URGENCY:
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HIS TEACHER SUGGESTED THAT HE TAKE A GRAMMAR CLASS.
MY HUSBAND’S BOSS DEMANDS THAT HE WORK ON SUNDAYS.
IT IS URGENT THAT SHE SEE A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY.
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FOR MOST USES OF THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, THERE ARE OTHER WAYS TO EXPRESS THE SAME IDEA:
HIS TEACHER SUGGESTED THAT HE TAKE A GRAMMAR CLASS = HIS TEACHER SUGGESTED TAKING A GRAMMAR
CLASS.
MY HUSBAND’S BOSS REQUIRES THAT HE WORK ON SUNDAYS = MY HUSBAND’S BOSS REQUIRES HIM TO WORK
ON SUNDAYS.
IT IS URGENT THAT SHE SEE A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY = IT IS URGENT FOR HER TO SEE A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY.
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IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU BE POLITE TO YOUR UNCLE =
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO BE POLITE TO YOUR UNCLE.
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PAST SUBJUNCTIVE LOOKS LIKE THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR MOST VERBS:
IF I HADIF YOU KNEW
IF HE DIDN’T WORK HARD
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PAST SUBJUNCTIVE OF THE VERB TO BE IS DIFFERENT:
IF I WEREIF YOU WERE
IF HE WEREN’T A HARD WORKER
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OUR MOST COMMON USE OF THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE IS IN TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES:
I WOULD STAY HOME AND STUDY THIS WEEKEND IF I WERE YOU.
IF HE WERE HERE, HE COULD HELP US.
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WE ALSO USE THE PAST CONDITIONAL AFTER THE VERB WISH:
I WISH MY FAMILY WERE HERE.
I WISH I HAD A CAR.
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NOTE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WISH AND HOPE:
I WISH I HAD A CAR (= THIS IS A DREAM, AND I DON’T THINK I CAN GET ONE.)
I HOPE (THAT) I WILL GET A CAR = I HOPE TO GET A CAR (= I EXPECT THAT IT WILL
BE POSSIBLE IN THE FUTURE.)
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SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
I go I goYou go You goHe/she/it goes He/she/it go
We go We go They go They go
COMPARE TENSES:
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PRESENT TENSE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
I am I beYou are You beHe/she/it is He/she/it be
We are We be They are They be
COMPARE VERB TO BE:
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SIMPLE PAST TENSE
PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
I went I wentYou went You wentHe/she/it went He/she/it went
We went We went They went They went
COMPARE TENSES:
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PAST TENSE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
I was I wereYou were You wereHe/she/it was He/she/it were
We were We were They were They were
COMPARE VERB TO BE: