Detail of Squanto teaching Pilgrims how

to grow corn.

NEXT

The English Establish 13 Colonies, 1585–1732

The English colonies

developed in North

America, and

colonists learned

from and conflicted

with Native

Americans.

NEXT

SECTION 1

SECTION 2

SECTION 3

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

New England Colonies

Founding the Middle and Southern

Colonies

The English Establish 13 Colonies, 1585–1732

NEXT

Two early English colonies failed, but

Jamestown survived—partly through

individual effort and hard work.

Section 1

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

The English Plan Colonies

NEXT

• After defeat of Spanish Armada, England

focuses on colonizing Americas

1

SECTION

• English geographer Richard Hakluyt urges

England to start a colony

- colonies would provide market for English

exports

- colonies would serve as source of raw

materials

- colonies would establish Protestant faith in

Americas

Early Colonies Have Mixed Success

Continued . . .

NEXT

1

SECTION

• English colonists go to Americas to:

- seek economic opportunity

- escape religious persecution

continued The English Plan Colonies

NEXT

1

SECTION

• Sir Walter Raleigh begins colony on Roanoke

Island, Virginia (1585)

• Sagadahoc colony begins (1607); face

hardships, return to England

• 2nd Roanoke colony begins (1587); colonists

disappear; reason unknown

• Native Americans stop colonists’ food supply;

survivors return to England

Two Early Colonies Fail

Map

NEXT

1

SECTION

• Sir Walter Raleigh is only person who finances

colony at Roanoke

• Company is backed by investors

• To raise money for colonies, turn to the joint-

stock company

• When colony fails, he loses his investment

• Investors split profits, divide losses

• Each investor receives pieces of company

ownership

Financing a Colony

Image

Continued . . .

continued Financing a Colony

NEXT

1

SECTION

• Organize Virginia Company of London, Virginia

Company of Plymouth

• Given charter—government contract; holder

has right to establish colony

Jamestown Is Founded in 1607

NEXT

1

SECTION

• Virginia Company of London finances

expedition to Chesapeake Bay

• Settlers incorrectly told they would find gold,

waste time searching

• Settlers face disease, harsh weather

• Expedition starts Jamestown settlement

Jamestown Grows

1

SECTION

• By January 1608, only 38 colonists remain

alive

• More settlers arrive (1610); governor Lord De

La Warr imposes discipline

• 800 more settlers arrive (1609), face

hardships, only 60 survive

• John Smith establishes colonial discipline,

trade with Powhatan tribe

• Colonists become employees of Virginia

Company, want share of profits

• Colonists learn to grow tobacco; product

becomes popular in England

Continued . . .

NEXT

NEXT

1

SECTION

• Virginia Company lets settlers own land

• Colonists annoyed with strict rule of governor,

want more local control

• Indentured servants arrive:

- they sell their labor to person who pays their

passage

- after a few years, they are free to farm or

take up a trade

• Population of Virginia jumps from about 600

(1619) to over 2,000 (1621)

• Set up House of Burgesses—first

representative assembly in American colonies

continued Jamestown Grows

Image

Conflicts with the Powhatan

NEXT

1

SECTION

• As more settlers take land, relations with

Powhatan tribe grow worse

• Expanding plantations cause Powhatan to kill

many settlers (1622)

• Uneasy peace; colonists learn to grow corn,

catch fish from Powhatan

• To improve relations, John Rolfe marries

chief’s daughter, Pocahontas

Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676

1

SECTION

• By 1670s, one-fourth of white men in English

colonies are indentured servants

• Demands Berkeley to approve war against

Native Americans to seize land

• Nathaniel Bacon accuses Governor William

Berkeley of favoring wealthy

• They resent wealthy landowners

• Berkeley’s refusal sparks Bacon’s Rebellion

(1676)

Image

Continued . . .

NEXT

NEXT

1

SECTION

• Bacon, followers take control of House of

Burgesses; burn Jamestown

• House of Burgesses pass laws:

- prevent governor from taking so much

power

• Bacon dies; Berkeley hangs Bacon’s followers

continued Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676

NEXT

Religion influenced the settlement and

government of the New England colonies.

Section 2

New England Colonies

The Voyage of the Mayflower

NEXT

2

SECTION

• Pilgrims—Separatist religious group; separate

from Church of England

• To establish order they sign the Mayflower

Compact:

- vow to obey laws agreed upon for the good

of the colony

- establishes idea of self-government, majority

rule

• Pilgrims land at Plymouth, Massachusetts

(1620)

• To escape persecution, they sail to Americas

New England Colonies

Image

Image

The Pilgrims Found Plymouth

NEXT

2

SECTION

• Pilgrims endure hardships; half of group dies

by spring

• Squanto shows Pilgrims how to plant, hunt,

fish

• Squanto sets up peace treaty between

Pilgrims and Native Americans

• Make friends with Squanto, a Pawtuxet

• Pilgrims, Native Americans celebrate

harvest—first Thanksgiving

• Pilgrims trade with Native Americans, send

lumber to England for profit Image

The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay

NEXT

2

SECTION

• Puritans—religious group, wants to reform

Church of England

• 1,000 Puritans arrive at Massachusetts Bay

Colony (1630)

• This movement of Puritans is known as the

Great Migration

• To escape persecution, many Puritans sail to

Americas (1630—1640)

• They are well prepared; do not starve

• First governor John Winthrop sets up a

commonwealth

The New England Way

2

SECTION

• Basic unit of the commonwealth is

congregation:

- group of people who belong to same church

- each congregation sets up own town

- each town has a form of self-government

• Puritans follow the “New England Way”:

- emphasizes duty, godliness, hard work,

honesty

- work ethic helps growth of New England

colonies

- requires that all children learn to read

Image

Continued . . .

NEXT

NEXT

2

SECTION

• Puritan congregations set up new colonies

continued The New England Way

• Thomas Hooker adopts Fundamental Orders

of Connecticut (1639):

- extends voting rights to non-church

members

- limits power of governor

- expands idea of representative government

• Portsmouth is first European settlement in New

Hampshire

Map

Challenges to Puritan Leaders

NEXT

2

SECTION

• Massachusetts minister Roger Williams

opposes “New England Way”

• Anne Hutchinson believes person can

worship without church, Bible

• This colony guarantees religious freedom,

separation of church/state

• Forced to leave colony, he founds colony of

Rhode Island (1636)

• Quakers believe person can know God

through “inner light”

• Also believe in treating Native Americans fairly,

persecuted for this

King Philip’s War

2

SECTION

• Growing tensions over land between colonists,

Native Americans

• Europeans and Native Americans define land

ownership differently:

- to Europeans, land can be owned by

individuals

- to Native Americans, land belongs to

everyone

Continued . . .

NEXT

NEXT

2

SECTION

• King Philip’s War (1675—1676)—war

between Puritans, Native Americans

• Native Americans lose war, are forced to

become laborers

continued King Philip’s War

• English settlers expand farther into Native

American lands

Chart

NEXT

2

SECTION

• By late 1600s, societal changes lead to fear,

suspicion in New England

• Pretending to be bewitched, girls falsely

accuse others of witchcraft

• Witch-hunts begin (1692); more than 100

people are arrested, tried

The Salem Witchcraft Trials

• 20 found guilty and put to death

• Panic short-lived; experience shows how

society can make scapegoats

NEXT

The founding of the Middle and Southern

colonies provided settlers with many

economic opportunities.

Section 3

Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies

The Middle Colonies

NEXT

• Middle colonies—New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, Delaware

3

SECTION

• Are located between New England and

Chesapeake region

Founding the Middle and Southern Colonies

• Religious freedom attracts many groups

• Conditions favorable for shipping, commerce,

farming, livestock

Image

New Netherland Becomes New York

3

SECTION

• Dutch settlers found New Netherland (1624)

• Many different settlers arrive

- 23 Jews (1654)

- Africans come as slaves and indentured

servants

- Puritans

• Each patroon brings 50 settlers; receives land

grant, special privileges

• Includes Hudson River valley, Long Island,

land along Delaware River

Continued . . .

NEXT

continued New Netherland Becomes New York

NEXT

3

SECTION

• New Netherland’s governor Peter Stuyvesant

attacks New Sweden

• New Netherland surrenders to English (1664)

• Wants to add land to New Netherland; New

Sweden surrenders (1655)

• Becomes proprietary colony—Duke of York

is proprietor, or owner

• England’s king wants Duke of York to drive

Dutch out of New Netherland

- Dutch colonies threaten England’s trade

- Dutch colonies geographically divide the

English colonies

New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

3

SECTION

• Duke of York gives part of claim, province of

New Jersey, to friends

• To repay debts, English king gives large piece

of land to Penn (1681)

• American landowner William Penn joins

religious group—Quakers

• Promise settlers religious freedom, land

grants, representative assembly

Continued . . .

NEXT

continued New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

NEXT

3

SECTION

• William Penn uses land to create colony of

Pennsylvania for Quakers:

- welcomes different religious, ethnic groups

- treats Native Americans fairly

- becomes wealthy colony

• Southern counties of Pennsylvania form own

colony of Delaware

Image

The Southern Colonies

NEXT

3

SECTION

• Southern colonies—Maryland, the Carolinas,

Georgia

• Conditions good for warm-weather crops:

tobacco, rice, indigo

• West border is Appalachian Mountains; east

border is Atlantic Ocean

Map

Maryland and the Carolinas

3

SECTION

• Lord Baltimore establishes Maryland for

Roman Catholics (1632)

• Colony of Carolina (1663) grows rice, indigo;

use enslaved African labor

• Maryland’s economy is based on tobacco

• Maryland passes Toleration Act—promises

freedom of religion

• Sell Native Americans into slavery; conflicts

between colonists, tribes

Image

Continued . . .

NEXT

NEXT

3

SECTION

• Colonists overthrow Carolina’s proprietary rule

• Colony divides into North Carolina and South

Carolina

• Carolina becomes royal colony—rule by king-

appointed governor

continued Maryland and the Carolinas

Georgia

NEXT

3

SECTION

• James Oglethorpe founds Georgia as refuge

for debtors (1732)

• Oglethorpe’s strict rules upset colonists

• English, Germans, Swiss, Scottish settle

Georgia; all religions welcome

• During English-Spanish war, Spain tries to

oust English colonists, but fails

• In response, king makes Georgia a royal

colony in 1752

NEXT

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