APUSH – 11/2/15

• Agenda:

– Turn in LEQs

– Discuss DBQs

– Van Buren/Harrison Notes

– Tecumseh’s Curse

• HW:

– Reading Guide – Quiz Tomorrow!!

Election of 1836 • Democrat – Martin Van Buren

• “King Andrew” was too old to run again – Had his VP, Van Buren, nominated

– Jackson had his 3rd term because Van Buren was a “yes man”

• The Whigs suffered from disorganization – couldn’t decide on one candidate

• Whigs chose several candidates – one from each region – William Henry Harrison, Daniel Webster, Clay, etc.

– Hopes were that no one would win a majority of electoral votes and the election would thus be thrown to the House of Reps

– Here they could possibly win

– Their scheme failed

• Van Buren won – 170 to 124

President Martin Van

Buren 1837-1841

Democrat

Presidential Rankings: C-Span Survey, 2009

1. Abraham Lincoln

2. Franklin Roosevelt

3. George Washington

4. Theodore Roosevelt

5. Harry Truman

6. John Kennedy

7. Thomas Jefferson

8. Dwight Eisenhower

9. Woodrow Wilson

10. Ronald Reagan

11. Lyndon Johnson

12. James Polk

13. Andrew Jackson

14. James Monroe

15. Bill Clinton

16. William McKinley

17. John Adams

18. George H.W. Bush

19. John Quincy Adams

20. James Madison

21. Grover Cleveland

22. Gerald Ford

23. Ulysses Grant

24. William Taft

25. Jimmy Carter

26. Calvin Coolidge

27. Richard Nixon

28. James Garfield

29. Zachary Taylor

30. Benjamin Harrison

31. Martin Van Buren

32. Chester Arthur

33. Rutherford Hayes

34. Herbert Hoover

35. John Tyler

36. George W. Bush

37. Millard Fillmore

38. Warren Harding

39. William Harrison

40. Franklin Pierce

41. Andrew Johnson

42. James Buchanan

Big Woes for the “Little Magician”

• Many Dems hated him because they felt he was smuggled into the presidency by Jackson – Van Buren didn’t have the personality

– Inherited many of Jackson’s enemies

• A rebellion in Canada in 1837 threatened to plunge America into war

• Van Buren also inherited the depression caused by Jackson’s BUS killing.

“Office Hunters in the Year 1836”

Depression Doldrums and the Independent Treasury

• The Panic of 1837- Causes

– over-speculation

– “Wildcat banks” loans

– the “Bank War”

– Specie Circular stating that debts must be paid in specie

(gold or silver) - no one had

– Failures of wheat crops – Hessian fly

– British banks close – call for foreign loans back

• Effects:

– Pet Banks close – govt funds gone

– Factories close - unemployment

• Whigs call for more government involvement – tariffs,

bank

– Van Buren says no – laissez-faire Jacksonian policy

• VB proposed the “Divorce Bill”

– Divorced govt from the banking system

– Govt will now store money in vaults in

large Cities

– Govt money will not be used as reserves

• Independent Treasury formed – Govt funds will now be put in Treasury

building and subtreasuries

Gone to Texas • Spanish kept Texas when we got Florida in

Adams-Onis Treaty

• 1823 - Mexico had gained independence from Spain (includes Texas) – Texan land granted to Stephen Austin – had to

bring 300 American families with

• The stipulations were: – (1) must become Mexican citizens,

– (2) must become Catholic

– (3) no slavery allowed

– These stipulations were largely ignored by the new settlers.

• Texan adventurers – Davy Crockett and Jim Bowie

• Sam Houston – leader and ex-governor of Tennessee

• Mexicans and Texans disagreed over: slavery, immigration, rights

• 1833 – Stephen Austin went to talk with Santa Anna (dictator of Mexico)

– Houston put in jail for 8 mo.

• 1835 – Santa Anna wiped out all rights and started to raise an army to suppress Texans

Lone Star Rebellion • 1836 – Texans declared their

independence – Named Sam Houston their Com.-In-Chief

• Santa Anna and 6,000 Mexicans wiped out the Alamo in 13 days

• Americans slaughtered at Goliad – These slaughters rallied Americans

– “Remember the Alamo!”

• Turning pt – Houston led army eastward, lured Santa Anna in – Santa Anna further away from supplies

– Houston attacked Mexicans during siesta– wiped them out & captured Santa Anna

Lone Star Rebellion • Santa Anna forced to sign treaty –

withdraw troops and recognize Rio Grande as southern border of Texas – Later negated it saying he was under

duress

• Texas was supported in their war by the United States – Mexico believed US should have stayed

neutral

• Texas wants to be a state – North says NO! (Texas is a slave state)

– Houston named president of Texas until a state

– State in 1845

DEMS Martin Van Buren or “Martin Van Ruin?”

DEMS Richard Mentor Johnson, VP

WHIGS William Henry Harrison

WHIGS John Tyler, VP

“Tippecanoe, and Tyler,

Too!”

William Henry Harrison Campaign Song

“Tip and Ty”

(Words and Music by "A member of the Fifth Ward Club“, published 1840)

What has caus'd this great com-mo-tion, mo-tion, mot-ion our coun-try through, It is the ball that's rol-ling on, For Tip-pi-ca-noe, and Ty-ler too, For Tip-pi-ca-noe, and Ty-ler too, And with them we'll beat lit-tle Van, Van, Van is a us'd up man, And with them we'll beat lit-tle Van.

1840 Election Results

Presidential Rankings: C-Span Survey, 2009

1. Abraham Lincoln

2. Franklin Roosevelt

3. George Washington

4. Theodore Roosevelt

5. Harry Truman

6. John Kennedy

7. Thomas Jefferson

8. Dwight Eisenhower

9. Woodrow Wilson

10. Ronald Reagan

11. Lyndon Johnson

12. James Polk

13. Andrew Jackson

14. James Monroe

15. Bill Clinton

16. William McKinley

17. John Adams

18. George H.W. Bush

19. John Quincy Adams

20. James Madison

21. Grover Cleveland

22. Gerald Ford

23. Ulysses Grant

24. William Taft

25. Jimmy Carter

26. Calvin Coolidge

27. Richard Nixon

28. James Garfield

29. Zachary Taylor

30. Benjamin Harrison

31. Martin Van Buren

32. Chester Arthur

33. Rutherford Hayes

34. Herbert Hoover

35. John Tyler

36. George W. Bush

37. Millard Fillmore

38. Warren Harding

39. William Harrison

40. Franklin Pierce

41. Andrew Johnson

42. James Buchanan

Log Cabin Campaign • W.H. Harrison:

– was a vote-getter, not the most able

– Popular from Battle of Tippecanoe and Battle of the Thames

– 68 years old, issueless, enemyless

– No official platform – didn’t offend anyone

• A Democratic editor called Harrison a poor farmer who should be happy with his log cabin and hard cider – This helped Harrison and got him the western vote

– Whigs use log cabin and cider as campaign symbols

– Whig slogans - “Tippecanoe and Tyler too” and “poor man’s president”

– In fact he was a wealthy man who lived in a mansion (FFV)

• Popular election was close

• Harrison blew Van Buren away in the Electoral College – 234 to 60

• Election was a protest against the hard times of the era

“Stop That Barrel”

“Log Cabin” Campaign Pin, 1840

A Harrison Bandana

“Log Cabin & Cider” Campaign

Death • Gave the longest inaugural address in history – 2 hours

– Caught pneumonia and died one month later….

– VP Tyler becomes president (#10)

The “Second Party System”: c. 1832-1852 Whigs

Supported by northern

industrialists and merchants

(wealthiest Americans)

Supported Clay’s "American

System"

Sought to reduce the spoils

system

Southern states’ rights

advocates angry at Jackson’s

stand on nullification

Evangelicals from Anti-

Masonic party joined

Later supported moral

reforms: prohibition of alcohol

and abolition of slavery

Sought to use national gov’t

to solve societies problems

(over states’ rights issues)

Democrats

Supported by the common people

and machine politicians in the

East

States’ Rights – opposed to

"American System"

Favored spoils system

Anti-monopoly—favored

increased competition

Believed federal gov’t should not

be involved in people’s personal

lives

Politics for the People Two changes from this era:

1) Triumph of democracy • Democracy seen as respectable

• Politicians now had to bend to appease and appeal to the masses

• Popular ones were the ones who claimed have humble backgrounds

2) Two-party system – Democrats – more about individual rights, no

privilege, states rights • Poorer, from South and West

– Whigs – more about society, power of federal government

• Wealthier, from East

**Both parties were composed of mixed people from everywhere