The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require...
Transcript of The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require...
![Page 2: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Egg Grading
Breeders
Hatchery
Pullet Grower
Egg Layer
Feed
Egg Sales & Distribution
Feed
Feed Genetics
Egg Industry Flow Chart
![Page 4: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Domestic Poultry in Australia
• Poultry brought in with First Fleet in 1788
• Over the years many varieties imported
• Importations banned early 1930’s
• Importation permitted from 1992 under strict quarantine procedures
![Page 5: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Australian Breeds
• Due to importation bans Australian poultry breeders developed stock from the existing gene pool
• Used both for egg laying and meat until 1960 when the heavier breeds were developed into separate meat strains.
![Page 6: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Layer Breeds in Last 45 years
• Prior to 1960 – a large number of small breeder companies
• 1960 - commencement of larger breeder companies to develop genetic strains
• 1992 - first imported layer strains and progressive change to imports
• By 2000 - Australian genetic strains totally replaced by imported genetics
• Now 2 main genetic breeder companies in the world
![Page 7: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Layer Strains in Australia
• Virtually all commercial layer hens derived from overseas genetic stock
• Currently all commercial layer hens are “brown egg layers”
• It is not possible for a small country like Australia to keep pace with international genetics which necessitates frequent importation.
![Page 8: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Genetics Importation
![Page 9: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Genetic Selection Traits
Many traits – the main ones as follows:
• Number of eggs
• Feed conversion to eggs
• Livability, health traits
• Shell strength and internal quality of eggs
![Page 10: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Brown Egg Layers are colour-linked
PARENTS
Sires (Males) are Brown
Dams (Females) are white
OFFSPRING
Cockerels (Males) are white
Pullets (Females) are brown
Sire
Cockerels Pullets
Dam
![Page 11: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Brown Egg Layers are colour-linked
Sire
Cockerels Pullets
Dam
Sire and dams
![Page 12: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Brown Egg Layers are colour-linked
Sire
Cockerels Pullets
Dam
Offspring – cockerels and pullets
![Page 13: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Egg Grading
Breeders
Hatchery
Pullet Grower
Egg Layer
Feed
Egg Sales & Distribution
Feed
Feed Genetics
Egg Industry Flow Chart
![Page 14: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Breeders to Chicks
Breeders
![Page 15: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Breeder Hens
![Page 16: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Breeders to Chicks
Fertile eggs
![Page 17: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Hatchery Building
![Page 18: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Incubators
![Page 19: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Breeders to Chicks
Hatched offspring at the hatchery
![Page 20: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Day Old Brooding Cage
![Page 21: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
New Hatched Chicks
![Page 22: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Beak Trim / Vaccination
• Most chickens have beaks treated at day old using infrared technology to reduce the risk of injury through pecking
• Laying hens are typically vaccinated for a number of poultry diseases
![Page 23: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Vaccinating Day Old Chicks
![Page 24: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Grower Site
![Page 25: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
4 Week Old Pullets – Litter Rearing
![Page 26: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Brown Egg Layers – “brands”
Hisex
Developed in Holland
Hy-Line
Developed in USA
ISA
Developed in France
![Page 27: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Environmental Balance
Large gains in efficiencies and productivity over the last 30 years:
• Lower feed intake per hen
• Lower manure by-product - better feed conversion
• Less water used - use of evaporative coolers instead of sprinklers
The industry has become resource efficient
![Page 28: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Key Management Factors
• Feed
• Water
• Lights
• Environment
![Page 29: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Key Management Factors – diet & water
• Feed
A balanced diet
Access to feed at all times
• Water
Fresh clean water
Access to water at all times
• Lights
• Environment
![Page 30: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nutrition
• All poultry feeds are scientifically formulated
• Different rations to meet requirements
• Chick starter
• Grower
• Layer
• Breeders
![Page 31: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Key Management Factors – light & environment
• Feed
• Water
• Lights
• A steady light pattern to maintain production – typically 16 hours/day
• Reducing day length will cause hens to cease laying and enter a “moult” phase
• Environment
• Protected from the elements - minimise extremes of heat and cold
![Page 32: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Shed Ventilation
![Page 33: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Evaporative Cooling
![Page 34: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Egg Industry Housing Development
• 65 years ago - All free range
• 60 years ago - Intensive (Deep litter)
• 50 years ago - Cages
• 20 years ago - Modern cages / Environmental housing
• 10 years ago – Increase in barn / free range
![Page 35: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Production Systems
![Page 36: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Shed Environment - controlled & monitored
![Page 37: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Farmer
“People are the key”
![Page 38: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Layer Site
![Page 39: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cages
PROS
• Higher productivity
• Less impact on environment
• More efficient use of resources
• Cleaner eggs – less bacterial contamination
• Better working conditions
CONS
• Not seen as welfare friendly
• Hens can’t scratch or dust bathe
![Page 40: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cage Shed
![Page 41: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Modern Layer Cages
![Page 42: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Free Range Housed in sheds with access to outside range
PROS
• Viewed as welfare friendly
• Nests / dust bathe / perch
• Birds can access outside range
CONS
• Lower productivity
• More bacterial contamination on egg shell
• Poor work environment – dust; obstacles; floor eggs
• Danger from predators
• Greater disease risk
• Wild birds can access yards
• High risk from parasites
![Page 43: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Free Range Farm
![Page 44: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Free Range Yards
![Page 45: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Free Range
![Page 46: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Barn Free to roam inside shed
PROS
• Nests / dust bathe / perch
• Protected from predators
• Wild birds are excluded
CONS
• Lower productivity
• More bacterial contamination on egg shell
• Poor work environment – dust; obstacles; floor eggs
• Higher disease risk
![Page 47: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Barn Shed
![Page 48: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Barn Shed
![Page 49: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Bio-security
Most sites have bio-security policy to protect bird health
• Isolated from other poultry/birds
• Restricted access to site
• Some sites require “shower-in”, protective clothing and footwear disinfection
![Page 50: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Vehicle Disinfection
![Page 51: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Breeder Farm
![Page 52: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Egg Grading
Breeders
Hatchery
Pullet Grower
Egg Layer
Feed
Egg Sales & Distribution
Feed
Feed Genetics
Egg Industry Flow Chart
![Page 53: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Manure Cartage
![Page 54: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Egg Packing at Farm
![Page 55: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Eggs to be Delivered to Grading Floor
![Page 56: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Egg Cartage Contractors
![Page 57: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Egg Grader
![Page 58: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Golden Egg Farms
![Page 59: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Egg Delivery
![Page 60: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Laying Hens
(millions)
NSW = 4.20
Vic = 3.50
Qld = 3.00
WA = 1.20
SA = .70
Tas = .22
NT= .05
Layer Hens Numbers National
TOTAL = 12.87 MIL
![Page 61: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
3 Northwest
2
1
2
2
4
1
2
1
1
22
Number of Layer Farms in WA
![Page 62: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Backyard Hens
• Estimated 60,000 kept as backyard hens in WA –up to several hundred in a flock.
• Most in outer metro areas and the country
![Page 63: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Egg Industry Standards
National Egg Quality Assurance Program
Code of Practice for Welfare of Poultry
Environmental Code of Practice for Poultry Farms
HACCP (Hazard Analysis & Critical Control Points)
Food safe programs
![Page 64: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Layer hen performance indicators
Mortality to 16 weeks 1.8%
Peak Production 98%
Daily Feed Consumption (Lay period) 107 grams
Mortality 16 weeks – 78 weeks 3.5%
Hen Housed Eggs @ 78 weeks 356
Feed to Eggs (kg/kg) 2.10
Kg feed / Dozen Eggs 1.65
![Page 65: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Performance Chart
![Page 66: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Egg production Per Hen Housed
![Page 67: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Egg Production / Consumption
• Hen numbers relatively constant 1970-2000
• Egg consumption increase per capita
• Extra eggs per bird achieved through:
• genetics
• nutrition
• management
• disease control
• housing
![Page 68: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Increased Egg Consumption
1970’s
Cholesterol issue
Lifestyle changes
More food choices
2000’s
Cholesterol issue now dismissed
High protein / low carb diets
Recognition of nutritional values
Promotional levy
![Page 69: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Egg Cost Inputs
Feed
Chick
Finance
Labour
![Page 70: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Egg Industry Challenges
• Dominance of major supermarkets
• Reduced returns
• Government regulations
• New site approvals for poultry farms
• Unscientific and uninformed analysis in welfare and environmental issues
![Page 71: The Egg Industry - Portec 2012.pdf · The Egg Industry Cameron and ... •Some sites require “shower-in”, ... Egg Grading Breeders Hatchery Pullet Grower Egg Layer Feed Egg Sales](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022020315/5aee4fe17f8b9ae5319196bf/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The End
Truck Curtain4.JPG
The End