The Effects of Fungicides on Honey Bee Nutrition and Health
14
The Effects of Fungicides on Honey Bee Nutrition and Health Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Kirk Anderson, Diana Sammataro, Mark Carroll, Jay Yoder,* Russell Vreeland** Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ *Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH **West Chester State University, West Chester, PA
Transcript of The Effects of Fungicides on Honey Bee Nutrition and Health
The Effects of Fungicides on Honey Bee Nutrition and Health
Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman, Kirk Anderson, Diana Sammataro, Mark Carroll,
Jay Yoder,* Russell Vreeland**
Carl Hayden Bee Research Center, Tucson, AZ
*Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH
**West Chester State University, West Chester, PA
Overview
• Fundamentals of nutrition and colony health
• Effects of fungicides on cultured microbes
• Experiment to examine effects of fungicides on microbial diversity and food processing
• Current studies
• Conclusion
The Fundamentals of Nutrition
Rear broodGenerate immune response
Optimize worker
longevityDoes fungicide contamination
affect the microbes?
Feed queen
Queen pheromones Queen egg laying
Effects of Fungicides on Growth of Microbes in Bee Bread
mg/ml fungicide
Re
lati
vegr
ow
thra
te
0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.1 1 10 100
Trichoderma
A. niger
A. flavus
Penicillium
Rhizopus
Experimental Setup
0
750
1500
2250
3000
Cyprodinil
Boscalid
Pyraclostrobin
Iprodione
0
750
1500
2250
3000
Cyprodinil
Boscalid
Pyraclostrobin
Iprodione
With Fungicide Controls
Incoming pollen
Bee bread
MicrobialDiversityBacteria
Par
ts p
er
bill
ion
Par
ts p
er
bill
ion
0
400
800
1200
1600
2000
No fungicide With fungicide
pro
tein
co
nc
en
tra
tio
n(u
g/m
l)Protein Concentrations in Nurse Bees
(4- Day old workers)
Protein and Immune ResponseDiet effects on honeybee immunocompetenceCedric Alaux*, Franc¸ois Ducloz,Didier Crauser and Yves Le ConteINRA, UMR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Laboratoire Biologie etProtection de l’abeille, Domaine Saint-Paul, 84914 Avignon, France
The maintenance of the immune system can be costly, and a lack of dietary protein can increase the susceptibility of organisms to disease.
DeGrandi-Hoffman et al. 2010J. Insect Physiol.
Essential Amino Acids in Pollen and Bee Bread
0
200
400
600
Thr Val Met Isl Leu His Lys
pollen
bee bread
0
6000
12000
18000
24000
Trp Phe
pollen
bee bread
0
200
400
600
Thr Val Met Isl Leu His Lys
pollen
bee bread
0
6000
12000
18000
24000
Trp Phe
pollen
bee bread
Controls
With Fungicide
0
5000
10000
15000
Boscalid Pyraclostrobin Iprodione Propiconazole
Fungicide Levels in Pollen and Bee Bread Almond Orchards
2010
pollen
bee bread
Experimental Set Up
Data Being Collected
• Queen volatiles
Data Being Collected
• Nosema and virus levels
• Protein concentration and hypopharyngeal gland development
• Microbial diversity in bees and bee bread
• Nutritional content of worker and royal jelly
Conclusions
