The Effects of Exercise on Memory
Transcript of The Effects of Exercise on Memory
Is timing everything?
The Effects of Exercise on Memory
Memory
Squire. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2004
Declarative Non-declarative
Facts Events Non-associativelearning
Simple classicalconditioning
PrimingMotor
Medial temporallobe
Diencephalon
Striatum Neocortex Reflex pathways
Emotionalresponses
Skeletalresponses
Amygdala Cerebellum
Memory
Declarative Non-declarative
Facts Events Non-associativelearning
Simple classicalconditioning
PrimingMotor
Medial temporallobe
Diencephalon
Striatum Neocortex Reflex pathways
Emotionalresponses
Skeletalresponses
Amygdala Cerebellum
Stimulus
Encoding
Consolidation
Recall
Stimulus
Encoding
Consolidation
Recall
Perception
Engram
LTP
After Exposure
Exposure
(Encoding)
(Consolidation)
Stimulus
Encoding
Consolidation
Recall
Perception
Engram
LTP
After Exposure
Exposure
(Encoding)
(Consolidation)
RM
S Er
ror
Dis
tanc
e
0
25
50
75
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 16
Encoding Recall
Consolidation
Day 1 Day 2
RM
S Er
ror
Dis
tanc
e
0
25
50
75
100
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 13 14 15 16
Young
Encoding Recall
Old
Day 1 Day 2
Roig et al. Neurobiol Aging. 2014
Strategies to optimize memory
Behavioural interventions
ExerciseSleep
Nutritional supplements
ImageryMusic
Pharmaceutical interventions
CholinergicDopaminergicSerotonergic
…
Electrophysiological interventions
tDCSrTMSPES…
ACSM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010
Cardiac diseasePeripheral vascular disease
Muscle dysfunction Polyneuropathy
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Diabetes
ACSM. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010
Cardiac diseasePeripheral vascular disease
Muscle dysfunction Polyneuropathy
Osteoporosis
Cancer
Diabetes
Mild cognitive impairmentDepression
Dementia
AgeSex
Cognitive levelFitness levelGenotype
TypeIntensity
FrequencyVolumeTiming
Executive functionsControl functionsSpatial orientationSpeed processing
Memory
Colcombe et al. Psychol Sci. 2002
Effe
ct s
ize
0.00
0.18
0.35
0.53
0.70
Executive Control Spatial Speed
ControlExercise
Effe
ct s
ize
0.00
0.18
0.35
0.53
0.70
Executive Control Spatial Speed Memory
ControlExercise
?
Long-term
Molecular
Supramolecular
Systemic
M0 M1Months
Several bouts
Erickson et al. PNAS. 2011
ExerciseControl
N=120
STM LTM
EFFECT SIZE 0.15 (0.02, 0.27)* 0.07 (-0.13, 0.75)
*p<0.05
Roig et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013
Effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.5; large >0.8
22 studies
Stimulus
Encoding
Consolidation
Recall
Perception
Engram
LTP
AcuteOne bout
*p<0.05
Roig et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013
STM LTM
EFFECT SIZE 0.26 (0.03, 0.49)*
Effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.5; large >0.8
0.52 (0.28, 0.75)*
19 studies
STM LTM
LONG-TERM 0.15 (0.02, 0.27)* 0.07 (-0.13, 0.75)
ACUTE 0.26 (0.03, 0.49)* 0.52 (0.28, 0.75)*
*p<0.05
Roig et al. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013
Effect size: small >0.1; medium >0.5; large >0.8
Can acute exercise improve (motor) memory?
Does timing and type of exercise matter?
Does acute exercise improve other types of memory?
Can acute and long-term exercise be combined to maximize learning?
Is the combination of acute and long-term exercise important to improve memory?
Can acute exercise improve (motor) memory?
CON
Acquisition Ret1h Ret 24h Ret 7dREST
PRE
Acquisition Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7dEXER
Skriver et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013N=32
Exercise
Winter et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2007
AT task
Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012
Error Distance
AcquisitionR
MS
Erro
r D
ista
nce
15
20
25
30
35
Block1 Block2 Block3
CONPRE
p=0.19
Skriver et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013
RetentionR
MS
Erro
r D
ista
nce
15
20
25
30
35
Ret1h Ret24h Ret7d
CONPRE
p=0.001
p<0.001
Skriver et al. Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2013
Does the timing of exercise matter?
CON
POST
Acquisition
Acquisition
Ret1h
Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d
Ret 24h Ret 7dREST
PRE
Acquisition Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7dEXER
EXER
N=48 Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012
AcquisitionR
MS
Erro
r D
ista
nce
15
20
25
30
35
Block1 Block2 Block3
CONPREPOST
p=0.8
Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012
RetentionR
MS
Erro
r D
ista
nce
15
20
25
30
35
Ret1h Ret24h Ret7d
CONPREPOST
p=0.002
p<0.001
Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012
RetentionR
MS
Erro
r D
ista
nce
15
20
25
30
35
Ret1h Ret24h Ret7d
p<0.017
PREPOST
Roig et al. PLoS One. 2012
Does acute exercise improve other types of memory?
EX8
Ret 24h Ret 7d
EX0
Visual encoding
Ret 24h Ret 7d
EXER
EXER
8h
In progress
Visual encoding
N=17
REST
8h
Exposure=100 neutral pictures 1.5”
Retention=50 neutral pictures + 100 distractor
pictures 10”
10#
15#
20#
25#
30#
35#
40#
45#
50#
24h# 7days#
Pictures#re
called##
Does the type of exercise matter?
Skriver et al. Child Development (Submitted)N=77
CON
RUN
Acquisition
Acquisition
Ret1h
Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7d
Ret 24h Ret 7dRES
HOC
Acquisition Ret 1h Ret 24h Ret 7dEXER
EXER
Lundbye-Jensen et al. (In progress)
Exe
rcis
e
Acquisitionbaseline
immediate retention
Acute effectimmediate retention
1h retention
Consolidation effectimmediate retention
24h retention
BaselineNo KR
ImmediateretentionNo KR
1hretentionNo KR
24hretention
No KR , KR
TrainingKR
*
Mot
or p
erfo
rman
ce
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70 Control Strength training CrossFit
Exe
rcis
e
Cha
nge
in M
otor
per
form
ance
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Acquisition
baselineimmediate retention
Acute effectimmediate retention
1h retention
Consolidation effectimmediate retention
24h retention
BaselineNo KR
ImmediateretentionNo KR
1hretentionNo KR
24hretention
No KR , KR
TrainingKR
*
N=30
CON
RES
Acquisition
Acquisition
Ret1h
Ret 1h Ret 24h
Ret 24hRES
CF
Acquisition Ret 1h Ret 24hEXER
EXER
Can acute and long-term exercise be combined to maximize learning?
N=180
IMMEDIATE
CONTROL
Math
Math
DELAYED
Math
EXER
REST
Lundbye-Jensen et al. In progress
EXER3.5h
x 20 (5 weeks)
x 20 (5 weeks)
x 20 (5 weeks)
PRE POST
Immediate Exercise Delayed Exercise Control Group
VO2m
ax -
estim
ated
32
34
36
38
40
42
44 Pre Post
* *
Lundbye-Jensen et al. In progress
PRE
POST
PRE
POST
PRE
POST
Immediate Exercise Delayed Exercise Control Group% C
hang
e in
cor
rect
ly s
olve
d m
ath
prob
lem
s pr
e to
pos
t
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 *
Lundbye-Jensen et al. In progress
Is the combination of acute and long-term exercise important to
improve memory?
Hopkins et al. Neuroscience. 2012
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
VM
Control
Long-term
Long-term + Acute
Acute
N=54
PRE POST
Hopkins et al. Neuroscience. 2012
CON LONG LONG+ACU ACU
Acc
urac
y (%
)PrePost
70
90 *p<0.05
Acute exercise improves memory
Exercising during the first stages of consolidation appears to be the most effective strategy
The coupling of the exercise stimulus with the memory formation process is essential
Rather than the type of exercise the physiological stimulus seems the key
Acute exercise can improve other (more declarative) types of memory
Long-term and acute exercise can be combined to maximize cumulative effects
Message
• Be smart, exercise (regularly) your heart to maintain cognition
• Combine different types of exercise at different intensities
• Place the exercise close to the exposure of information that you want to remember
• Combine acute and long-term exercise to maximize the effects on learning
CollaboratorsKU UBC
Jesper-Lundbye JensenJens Bo NielsenKasper SkriverRichard Thomas
Lara BoydCameron MangNicholas Snow