THE EFFECTS OF 11-CIS VACCENYL ACETATE AND 11-HEPTACOSADIENE ON DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

By Jonathan Tam

Insect Based Diseases

Fleas, Lice, Mosquitoes and Ticks – most responsible for infectious diseases in the United States

Plague, transmitted through Fleas. Malaria, transmitted through Mosquitoes

5th cause of most deaths in world 1.3 million killed in 2002

http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/world98.htm

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Malaria_geographic_distribution_2003.png

Pheromone

Any chemical messenger that affects behavior or development of other individuals of the same species

http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pheromones.html#Queen_mandibular_pheromone

11-cis vaccenyl acetate and 11-heptacosadiene

Drosophila sex pheromones 11 – cis vaccenyl acetate

Secreted through ejaculation by males Aggregation behavior Known to have effects on both males and

females 11 – heptacosadiene

Secreted before mating by females Aggregation behavior

Drosophila Lush

Kim, 1998 Proposed existent of Lush Flies after

genetic differences with the Lush gene – olfactory organs

10 flies in odorant traps of 60 different volatile organic compounds

Traps with concentrations of ethanol, propanol and butanol were the only ones successful

Literature Review 1

Ping Xu, 2005 Reinitiate Effect

of 11 – Cis Vaccenyl Acetate on Drosophila by adding Protein to Food Cultures

Insensitivity to 11 – Cis Vaccenyl Acetate

Inactivity of trichoid neurons in Drosophila

Literature Review 2

Ha and Smith, 2006 Locate the

Sensilla in the Antennae missing for 11 – Cis Vaccenyl Acetate detection

Receptors – T1Sensilla, T1 neurons responsible for sensitivity

Literature Review 3

Savarit, 2002 Examined the

reaction of 11-heptacosadiene that males had

11-heptacosadiene proved to be a similar aggregation pheromone

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to quantify the effects of 11-cis-vaccenyl acetate and 11-heptacosadiene as pheromone baiting agents over natural food attractants

Hypothesis

Hypothesis 1A – 11-heptacosadiene will have a significant effect on the number of flies aggregated in a given location.

Hypothesis 2A – 11-cis vaccenyl acetate will have a significant effect on the number of flies aggregated in a given location.

Hypothesis 1N and 2N – In the presence of a natural food source, no change will be exhibited in the aggregation of Drosophila melanogaster

MethodologyDrosophila melanogaster (Wild Type)

Data will be taken by counting the number of flies drawn to each substance of the maze

12 males and 12 females to be put into a T-shaped maze

T-shaped maze will have 3 end points – a 10 mg sample of 11 – heptacosadiene, 11 – cis vaccenyl acetate and banana

An egg count will be performed among the flies collected at each end point.

Statistical Analysis – One way anova and post-hoc scheffe test

T-shaped Maze

Not Drawn to Scale

11-cis vaccenyl acetate

Banana

11-heptacosadieneInsertion Point

Do-Ability

Organisms are readily available Experience with Methods of Data

Collection Chemicals and Materials can be

purchased

Budget Sheet

Bibliography

Ha, Tal Soo and Smith, Dean P. “A Pheromone Receptor Mediates 11-cis-Vaccenyl acetate-induced Responses in Drosophila. 23 August 2006. Department of Pharmacology and Center for Basic Neurosciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. 3 May 2009

"Pheromones - Types." Medindia - Medical/Health Website. 17 May 2009. "Pheromones." RCN New York City. 17 May 2009.ScienceDaily. "Unique Pheromone Detection System Uncovered." Science Daily. 27 June 2008. UT

Southwestern Medical Center. 3 May 2009.ScienceDaily. "One Missing Gene Leads to Fruitless Mating Rituals." Science Daily. 25 July 2008.

Duke University Center. 3 May 2009.Seybold, Steven J and Donaldson, Susan. “Pheromones in Insect Pest Management.” University of

Nevada Cooperative Extension. 1995. University of Nevada 3 May 2009Xu, Pingxi. "A Drosophila OBP Required for Pheromone Signaling." Science. 4 November

2005.Eppendorf Essays on Science and Society. 3 May 2009Voght, RG. “Molecular Basis of Pheromone Detection in Insects.” Comprehensive Insect Physiology,

Biology, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Volume 3, Endocrinology. 2005. Elsevier. 3 May 2009

Wagner, C Michael, Jones, Michael L, Twohey, Michael B and Sorensen, Peter W. “A field test verifies that pheromones can be useful for sea lamprey control in the Great Lakes.” Rapid Communications. 14 January 2006. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. 3 May 2009

"Wake Up and Smell The Pheromones." The Rockefeller University - Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior. 20 Jan. 2005. 17 May 2009.