EXILE AND RESTORATION FROM EXILE IN THE SCRIPTURAL QUOTATIONS AND
The effect of exile on German Resistors as seen in I was 19
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Transcript of The effect of exile on German Resistors as seen in I was 19
© University of Reading 2006 www.reading.ac.uk
15 April 2023
Ich war neunzehnIcon: Exile and Return
Richard McKenzie
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Exile 1933-1945• Socialists• Communists• Jewish refugees
– Kindertransport – Children– Families
• Artists• Filmmakers• Intellectuals• Many exiles worked for Allies and never returned to Germany• Approx 70,000 German and Austrian refugees in UK• Approx 10,000 German and Austrian refugees served in UK
armed forces
• Interview with German who fought with British Army http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8635541.stm
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Judith Kerr• Child exile• 1923-• Left Germany 1933 aged 9• Father Alfred Kerr author• Stayed in Britain• Became illustrator +
artists
• “The Tiger Who Came to Tea”
• “When Hitler Stole the Pink Rabbit”
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/nov/29/judith-kerr-tiger-came-tea
Interview with Judith Kerr about being an exilehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8234824.stm
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Willy Brandt• Politician Exile• 1913-1992• Born Herbert Frahm• SAP organiser pre 1933• Escaped to Norway 1933• War reporter Spanish Civil
War• 1945 Returned to Berlin in
Norwegian Uniform• Mayor of W Berlin• “We shall not vote for a
traitor”• Chancellor 1969-74
http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,976765,00.html
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Konrad Wolf• Child exile• 1925-1982• Father Communist writer• Left 1933• Moscow exile• Fought in Soviet Army• Soviet citizen• Returned in 1945• Became director• “Verrätter”
http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-14336735.html
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Walter Ulbricht• Politician exile• 1893-1973• Gen Sec SED• Moscow exile• Spanish Civil War• Reichstag member• KPD member• Fought in WWI
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Billy Wilder• Artist Exile• 1906-2002• Weimar film maker• Jewish background• Left 1933 for France• Went to Hollywood• Returned with US forces• Oscar Winner• Directed: Double
Indemnity, A Foreign Affair, Some like it Hot
• Stayed in US
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000697/bio
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Ich war neunzehn• E German• 1968• Road Movie• Konrad Wolf Director• Gregor and Sasha discover Germany• Based on Wolf’s war diary as propaganda officer in Red
Army• Anti fascist film• Discover Germany through 19 encounters with Germans
“Gregor is divided by his background, he is neither German or Soviet. He a member of the Soviet Army but the setting of the story binds Gregor to Germany. (Coulson,
1999, 175).
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“Ich war ein Vaterlandsverrätter”
• Film describes experience of “Gregor” Milieu
• Elements of Wolf’s own experience– Propaganda Officer– Town Commandant Bernau– Sweets– Spelling– Surrender of Spandau
• Originally titled “Der Heimkehr”
• Illustrates the difficulty of coming home
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Ich war neunzehn
Soldier lynched on pontoon
• Traitors executed by Nazis
• Gregor would be killed immediately
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Ich war neunzehn
Refugee Girl• No romantic
attachment• She does not
recognise him as German
• Caught between Russian and German woman
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Ich war neunzehn
Saschenhausen• Shower
highlights vulnerability
• Triple vulnerability Communist/Jew/Soviet Soldier
• Conflicted
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Ich war neunzehn
Blind Soldier• Share a cigarette• “wir haben viel
erlebt, wat?” • Soldier cannot tell
Gregor is a Soviet soldier
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Ich war neunzehn
Communist freedom fighters
• People like him• Represent lost
memory• First time Gregor
eats with Germans
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Ich war neunzehn
Willi Lomer• From working
class area of Berlin
• Fights together against escaping SS
• Reconciliation
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Ich war neunzehn
Escaping SS• Attack Gregor and
Lomer• Heading west• Will not accept
war over• Hunt down