The ECG and its clinical context: Syncope · 2019. 10. 8. · Modes of Death in Chronic Heart...
Transcript of The ECG and its clinical context: Syncope · 2019. 10. 8. · Modes of Death in Chronic Heart...
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The ECG and its clinical context: Devices in heart failure
Presented by:
Dr Isabel Tan, Cardiologist/Electrophysiologist – Western Australia
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Pre-disposing Question
Which patient has an indication for implantable device-based therapy for heart failure?
1) Shortness of breath on exertion, ejection fraction 45%, narrow QRS?
2) No symptoms, ejection 25%, LBBB
3) Shortness of breath on exertion, ejection fraction 30%, narrow QRS, no medication
4) No symptoms, ejection fraction 60%, LBBB
5) Shortness of breath at rest, ejection fraction 35%, narrow QRS
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Case Study 1 : Mr C.R.
61 years old
Initial consultation 2010
Ischaemic heart disease
Anterior MI 2008, associated with borderline cardiogenic shock
Totally occluded LAD – successful stenting to distal and mid LAD
No cardiac symptoms (NYHA II)
Medications : Aspirin, Lipitor, Carvedilol, Ramipril (previously on Spironolactone, withdrawn due to gynaecomastia)
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Case Study 1 : Mr C.R.
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Case Study 1 : Mr C.R.
Echocardiogram shows mildly dilated and hypertrophied LV, with thinning/akinesis of anteroseptal, inferoseptal and apex. Overall systolic function moderately impaired (EF 30%)
Key features:
Ischaemic cardiomyopathy
Successful revascularisation, but persistent LV impairment 2 years on
Asymptomatic
Optimal medications
Narrow complex QRS
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Case Study 2 : Mrs B.H.
71 years old
Presented 2013 with exertional breathlessness (NYHA III), orthopnoea and peripheral oedema.
Background:
Breast cancer 2006 ; lumpectomy followed by chemotherapy (Epirubicin) and radiotherapy. Stable, no evidence of recurrence. On Letrozole
Family history : father had “enlarged heart”, transplant discussed. No history of ischaemic heart disease
Investigations
Echo: Severely dilated LV with severely reduced systolic function (EF 25%). Mitral regurgitation secondary to annular dilatation.
Angiogram : Normal arteries.
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Case Study : Mrs B.H.
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Case Study : Mrs B.H.
Medications:
Perindopril 2.5mg
Frusemide 40mg
Bisoprolol 2.5mg
Letrozole
6 month review
Well, resolution of symptoms
Echo : Minimal improvement in systolic function (EF 35%). Mild MR.
Key features
Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy ?chemotherapy induced ?familial
Asymptomatic on medications
Improvement in systolic function, although remains moderately impaired.
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Modes of Death in Chronic Heart Failure
12%
24%
64%
CHF
Other
SuddenDeathn = 103
NYHA II(103 pts)
26%
15%
59%
CHF
Other
SuddenDeath
n = 103
NYHA III(232 pts)
CHF
Other56%
11%
33%
SuddenDeath
NYHA IV(27 pts)
SCD is the #1 Cause of
Death in NYHA Class II/III
Heart Failure Patients
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ACC/AHA HF Guidelines
ICD Class I and II Recommendations:
•Secondary prevention for patients with a history of SCA, VF, or haemodynamically destabilising VT
•Primary prevention in ischaemic CHF patients:
-40 days post MI, LVEF ≤35%, NYHA Class II or III
•Primary prevention of non-ischaemic CHF patients:
-NYHA Class II-III, LVEF ≤ 35%
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Case Studies
Mr C.R.
Prophylactic ICD inserted
Review May 2016 : Device interrogation showed one episode of VT, terminated with pacing therapy from ICD. Pt asymptomatic
Mrs B.H.
Prophylactic ICD inserted
Review March 2016 : asymptomatic, no therapy
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Case Study 3 : Mrs S.F.
50 years old
Presented May 2013
4 week history of intermittent palpitations
Denies chest pain, breathlessness
Background
Hypertension
Diabetes
Previous smoker
Scanty family history
Medications: Amlodipine, Irbesartan HCT, Metformin
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Case Study 3 : Mrs S.F.
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Case Study 3 : Mrs S.F.
Echo : Dilated left ventricle with septal dyssynchrony and severe global impairment of systolic function (EF 25%). Possible LV non-compaction. Severe MR due to annular dilation.
Medications
Amlodipine ceased. Bisoprolol, Spironolactone, Frusemide started.
Admitted to ICU with pneumonia and exacerbation of CCF
Normal coronary angiogram
Cardiac MRI – mild trabeculation considered to be within normal limits. No evidence of ischaemic, infiltrative or granulomatous disease
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Case Study 3 : Mrs S.F.
Echo Nov 2013
Mild improvement in LV function. EF 32%
Mildly symptomatic on medications
NYHA II-III: Fatigue, mild dyspnoea, but “managing ok”
Discussion regarding device : Fearful of procedure, declined
July 2014
Early appointment due to increasing symptoms, unable to sing or dance. “Cannot live like this anymore”
Echo unchanged.
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Case 3 : Mrs S.F.
Biventricular ICD inserted October 2014
November 2014
Doing well, increased stamina
April 2015
LV size and systolic function normal. EF 58%
Diuretics ceased
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Case Study 4 : Mr C.S.
93 years old – active, independant
March 2013 : Incidental rapid AF during Plastics review. Echo showed mild LV dysfunction and moderate AS. Commenced on Diltiazem and Warfarin
June 2013 : Increasing breathlessness associated with palpitations, Echo now showed moderate to severe global impairment of systolic function. Commenced on Bisoprolol and Amiodarone.
July 2013 – Aug 2013
Unwell : dizzy, tired, lacking in energy, intermittent palpitations
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Case Study 4 : Mr C.S.
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Case Study 4 : Mr C.S.
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Case Study 4 : Mr C.S.
Sept 2013
Biventricular pacemaker inserted.
Improved energy and exercise tolerance
Mar 2014
Echo : Mildly impaired systolic function
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ESC 2013 Guidelines
CRT is recommended in chronic HF patients
LVEF< 35%
symptomatic in NYHA functional II, III and ambulatory IV despite adequate medical treatment
LBBB with QRS duration >120ms on ECG
CRT should be considered in HF patients
non-LBBB and QRS duration >150ms
Benefits less clear if QRS 120-150ms
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ESC 2013 Guidelines
Patients with AF
CRT should be considered in chronic HF patients
• intrinsic QRS >120ms
• LVEF < 35%
• NYHHA functional class III and ambulatory class IV despite adequate medical treatment
• biventricular pacing as close to 100% as possible can be achieved
Patients with uncontrolled heart rates who are candidates for AV junction ablation if EF is reduced.
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Thank you
7-Oct-1923