The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on...
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![Page 1: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Earth’s Orbit Around the SunThe Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun
• Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature
• The earth’s orbit around the sun leads to seasons because of the tilt of the Earth’s axis
![Page 2: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Smaller angle of incoming solar radiation: the sameamount of energy is spread over a larger area
High sun (summer) – more heatingLow sun (winter) – less heating
Earth’s tilt important!
![Page 3: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
March 20, Sept 22
June 21
Dec 21
NH summer
Equinox
NH winter
![Page 4: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Daily Total SunshineDaily Total Sunshine
• 75º N in June gets more sun than the Equator
• N-S gradient very strong in winter, very weak in summer
• Very little tropical seasonality
![Page 5: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Surface Albedos (percent)Surface Albedos (percent)
• Snow and ice brightest
• Deserts, dry soil, and dry grass are very bright
• Forests are dark
• Coniferous (cone-bearing) needleleaf trees are darkest
![Page 6: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy Balance of Earth’s Energy Balance of Earth’s SurfaceSurface
Radiation Turbulence
shortwavesolar
radiationlongwave(infrared)radiation
rising warm
air
evaporatedwater
Rs
H LE
![Page 7: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
It Takes a Lot of EnergyIt Takes a Lot of Energyto Evaporate Water!to Evaporate Water!
![Page 8: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Energy from the Surface to the Energy from the Surface to the AirAir
• Energy absorbed at the surface warms the air
• Some of this energy is transferred in rising warm “thermals”
• But more of it is “hidden” in water vapor
Rising Warm Air (H)
Evaporated Water (LE)
![Page 9: The Earth’s Orbit Around the Sun Seasonally varying distance to sun has only a minor effect on seasonal temperature The earth’s orbit around the sun leads.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062805/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7964/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Things to RememberThings to Remember
• All energy exchange with Earth is radiation
• Outgoing radiation has longer waves (cooler)
• Longwave radiation is absorbed and re-emitted by molecules in the air (H2O & CO2)
• Recycling of energy between air and surface is the “greenhouse effect”
• Changes of angle of incoming sunlight and length of day & night are responsible for seasons and for north-south differences in climate
• Regional energy surpluses and deficits drive the atmosphere and ocean circulations (wind & currents)