The Dynamic Earth Section 3

Chapter 3 Section 3Chapter 3 Section 3

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

Identify major processes in water cycle.Identify major processes in water cycle.

Describe properties of ocean water.Describe properties of ocean water.

Discuss factors that allow life in the Discuss factors that allow life in the biosphere.biosphere.

KEY TERMS:KEY TERMS:

Water cycleWater cycle

SalinitySalinity

BiosphereBiosphere

The Dynamic Earth Section 3

The HydrosphereThe Hydrosphere

All the water on or near Earth’s surface.All the water on or near Earth’s surface.

Oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar ice caps, Oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar ice caps, soil, and clouds.soil, and clouds.

The Dynamic Earth Section 3

The Water CycleThe Water Cycle

Continuous movement of water from Earth Continuous movement of water from Earth to atmosphere and back to Earth.to atmosphere and back to Earth.

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The Water Cycle - EvaporationThe Water Cycle - Evaporation

Water continually evaporates from Earth.Water continually evaporates from Earth.Majority of water evaporates from oceans.Majority of water evaporates from oceans.Transpiration – water released from plants.Transpiration – water released from plants.

The Dynamic Earth Section 3

The Water Cycle - CondensationThe Water Cycle - Condensation

Water vapor forms droplets on dust particles Water vapor forms droplets on dust particles

Particles form clouds (droplets collide to create Particles form clouds (droplets collide to create larger, heavier drops)larger, heavier drops)

The Dynamic Earth Section 3

The Water Cycle - PrecipitationThe Water Cycle - Precipitation

Drops of water fall to Earth as precipitation.Drops of water fall to Earth as precipitation.

Rain, snow, sleet, hailRain, snow, sleet, hail

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The Water Cycle - CollectionThe Water Cycle - Collection

Water falls back to Water falls back to Earth and gathers in Earth and gathers in lakes, rivers, streams, lakes, rivers, streams, oceansoceans

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Ocean Water - SalinityOcean Water - Salinity

SalinitySalinity - amount of - amount of dissolved salt in a liquid.dissolved salt in a liquid.

Lower in areas with lots of Lower in areas with lots of rain or where fresh water rain or where fresh water flows in to the sea. flows in to the sea.

Higher where water Higher where water evaporates rapidly (leaves evaporates rapidly (leaves salt behind).salt behind).

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Temperature ZonesTemperature ZonesWhy is the surface of the ocean warm and the Why is the surface of the ocean warm and the depths of the ocean cold?depths of the ocean cold?

Ocean surface is warmed by the sun.Ocean surface is warmed by the sun.

Depths of the ocean are very cold.Depths of the ocean are very cold.

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Global Temperature RegulatorGlobal Temperature Regulator

Oceans absorb and Oceans absorb and store solar radiation - store solar radiation - regulates atmospheric regulates atmospheric temperatures.temperatures.

Oceans absorb and Oceans absorb and release heat slower release heat slower than landthan land

Without regulation of Without regulation of temperatures life could temperatures life could not exist on Earth.not exist on Earth.

The Dynamic Earth Section 3A Global Temperature A Global Temperature

RegulatorRegulatorCurrents circulate warm water Currents circulate warm water

Causes land areas they flow past to have Causes land areas they flow past to have moderate climates.moderate climates.

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Surface CurrentsSurface Currents

Movements of water at or near the surface of the oceanMovements of water at or near the surface of the ocean..

What drives (causes) these currents?What drives (causes) these currents?

Wind-driven (from global wind patterns).Wind-driven (from global wind patterns).

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Fresh WaterFresh Water

Fresh waterFresh water - - water that contains insignificant water that contains insignificant amounts of salts.amounts of salts.

Most fresh water is in icecaps and glaciers.Most fresh water is in icecaps and glaciers.

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Ground waterGround water

Water in groundWater in ground

Replenished by rain and melting snow. Replenished by rain and melting snow.

1% of water on Earth.1% of water on Earth.

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AquifersAquifers

A rock layer that stores and allows the flow of A rock layer that stores and allows the flow of groundwater.groundwater.

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The BiosphereThe BiosphereArea on Earth where life exists.Area on Earth where life exists.Located on or near Earth’s surface Located on or near Earth’s surface Why is biosphere on or near Earth’s surface?Why is biosphere on or near Earth’s surface?Sunlight is available near the surface.Sunlight is available near the surface.Plants need sunlight to produce foodPlants need sunlight to produce food

most other organisms use plants and algae for food.most other organisms use plants and algae for food. Other Factors: Water, Moderate TemperaturesOther Factors: Water, Moderate Temperatures

The Dynamic Earth Section 3

Energy Flow in the BiosphereEnergy Flow in the Biosphere

Energy used by Energy used by organisms is obtained organisms is obtained in the biosphere.in the biosphere.

Organism dies, body Organism dies, body decays and nutrients decays and nutrients in it are available for in it are available for other organisms.other organisms.

This flow of energy This flow of energy allows life on Earth to allows life on Earth to continue to exist.continue to exist.

The Dynamic Earth Section 3

Energy Flow in the BiosphereEnergy Flow in the Biosphere

Matter does not enter Matter does not enter or leave Earth but or leave Earth but energy doesenergy does

energy comes from energy comes from the sun.the sun.

energy travels from energy travels from plant to animal. plant to animal.

energy is lost to energy is lost to space as heat.space as heat.