The Drive for Power in the East, 1650-1796 Absolutism and Enlightened Absolutism.
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Transcript of The Drive for Power in the East, 1650-1796 Absolutism and Enlightened Absolutism.
The Drive for Power in The Drive for Power in the East, 1650-1796the East, 1650-1796
Absolutism and Enlightened Absolutism
Austria Turns East Post-1648 HRE War v. Ottoman Emp.
(Vienna—1683), Peace of Karlowitz (1699)
Counter-Reformation, subdue diets, establish hereditary rule
War of Spanish Succession and Peace of Utrecht (1714)
Charles VI (1713-40) and Pragmatic Sanction
Maria Theresa (1740-80):Matriarch of Steel
War of Austrian Succession—loss of Silesia
Modernization—break assemblies, centralize bureaucracy, tariff union, reform serfdom, etc.
Pious Catholic and mother
Diplomatic Revolution (1756) and Seven Years War
Joseph II (1765-90):Royal Idealist
Co-ruler with mother Abolished serfdom and
attempted a physiocrat reform of agriculture
Edict on Idle Institutions Patent of Toleration Legal code equalized Revolt by Belgium,
nobles, and Church Ended in failure
Prussia: Nation Around an Army Combination of Electoral
Brandenburg and ducal Prussia (scattered state)
Destruction of 30 Yrs War Frederick William, the
Great Elector (1640-88) War Commissariat and
bureaucracy Standing army (30,000) Repress estates & Junkers Excise tax Religious tolerance
(Huguenots)
Frederick William I (1713-40)—Paternalistic Warlord
Stern and efficient taskmaster
Merit system Civil Service famous
for efficiency (walking stick)
Increased army but didn’t use it
Potsdam regiment Relationship with son
Frederick II, the Great (1740-86): Cultured Warrior
Childhood traumas with father
Enlightenment interests (French, flute, Voltaire)
Codified laws Antimachivel and
Forms of Government “first servant of state” Few gains for
peasants Warfare & personality
Russia: Big and Backward Ivan III (1462-1505) and
Ivan IV “Terrible” (1533-84)
Drive out Mongols, streltsy, suppress boyars
Control of Orthodox Church
Autocracy and Russia’s cultural position
Time of Troubles (‘til Romanovs)
Peter I (1685-1725): Modernizing Giant
Interest in technology and new ideas (German suburb, foreign advisors)
Backwardness of Russia Old Believers and Nikon Great Embassy (navy, industry,
army) Streltsy revolt, women,
manners, Table of Ranks, Senate, mercantilism
Great Northern War (St. Petersburg—”Venice of North”
Reactions and effects
Catherine II (1762-96): Greatness and Power
Strong willpower and intellect, German
Peter II and palace coup Patronage of arts &
Enlightenment Legislative Commission
(1767) Education and religious
tolerance Charter of Nobility (1785) Pugachev Revolt & serfdom Wars with Ottoman Empire,
Polish Partitions Symbol: Potemkin Villages