Home Education and the Biblical Story Michael Goheen Geneva Chair of Worldview Studies.
The Divine Council Worldview OT Cosmic Geography & Salvation’s Plan in Biblical Theology.
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Transcript of The Divine Council Worldview OT Cosmic Geography & Salvation’s Plan in Biblical Theology.
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The Divine Council WorldviewOT Cosmic Geography & Salvation’s Plan in Biblical Theology
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PSALM 82
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PSALM 82
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PSALM 82
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PSALM 89
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Incomparability of YHWH
“none besides me”; “none like me”
• The phrases are not denials of the existence of other elohim.
• They are statements of incomparability.
How do we know that?
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Incomparability of YHWH
These “denials” occur in the same chapters and books as those that refer to other elohim (Deut 4, 32)
Deut 4:35Deut 4:39Deut 32:12Deut 32:29
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Incomparability of YHWH
These “denials” phrases are used elsewhere where denial of existence cannot be possible.
Isa 47:8, 10; Zeph 2:15
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How do we understand elohim?What about monotheism?It’s a cultural-context problem, not a theological
problem.
The biblical writers would wonder why we’re asking …
Who gets called elohim in the Bible?
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Who is / are elohim?God of Israel (Psalm 82:1a and other psalms)The gods of the divine council (Psa. 82:1b, 6) Gods of various nations (for example…)
Ashtoreth, the god(dess) [elohim] of the Sidonians, Chemosh, [elohim] of Moab (1 Kings 11:33), Milcom, the god [elohim] of the Ammonites
Demons [shedim] (Deut 32:17)Disembodied human dead (1 Sam 28:13)Angels (better, one Angel and God) – Genesis 35:1-7
(plural verb form; cp. Gen 32, then Gen 48:15-16)
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elohim – realm / residence
gods of council
demons
angelsdisembodied
dead
YHWH / godhea
d
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Divine Council
YHWH /Godhead
sons of God
Dt. 32:8-9 / princes of Daniel 10
mal’akim / angels (messengers)
“How the cosmos is directed”
God’s loyal council:• Divine beings• Glorified (divinized, angelified)
believers• Occasional duty / messengers• Awaiting the eschaton
Council members inrebellion ….
OT cosmic geography
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Deuteronomy 32:8-9, 43 (ESV)
Deut 32
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Deuteronomy 32:8-9, 43 (ESV)
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OT Cosmic Geography Genesis 11 = the disinheriting of the nations Genesis 12 = Call of Abram to create a new for Himself (His
“portion” – Deut 32:9); cp. Acts 17:24-27 The OT Story:
Israel vs. the nations (70 – the known world at the time) YHWH vs. their gods (“host of heaven” = divine beings)
Deut 4:19-20 Deut 17:2-3 Deut 29:24-26 Deut 32:8-9 Deut 32:17 Deut 32:43
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OT Cosmic GeographyExplains a number of passages.For example:
1 Samuel 26:17-192 Kings 5:17-19Daniel 10:13, 20-21 (cp. Dan 12:1)
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OT CosmicGeography Bashan
Deuteronomy 3(note vv. 8-9)
Joshua 12:4-5Ashtaroth & Edrei