The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote Domains:...
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Transcript of The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of Life II. Classifying Life III. The Prokaryote Domains:...
The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of LifeII. Classifying LifeIII. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and ArchaeaIV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors
The Diversity of Life I. A Brief History of LifeII. Classifying LifeIII. The Prokaryote Domains: Bacteria and ArchaeaIV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors
Alternation of generation
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences
Aquatic Habitats Terrestrial
Water available Desiccating
Sunlight absorbed Sunlight available
Nutrients at Depth Nutrients available
Buoyant Less Supportive
Low oxygen High O2
CO2 diffuses slowly CO2 diffuses quickly
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences
Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth
Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences
Nutrients (released by decomposition) are available at depth
Light and oxygen are available at the surface; algae limited by lack of nutrients
Nutrient inputs from the landscape (fertilizer runoff) cause algal blooms and dead zones in marine environments.
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences
Water in soil
nutrients in soil
Terrestrial environments provide photosynthetic organisms with more light, oxygen, and nutrients, but it is DESICCATING
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups
i. Liverwortsii. Hornwortsiii. Mosses http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bot335/bryo.htm
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/226/226F08_14print.htmlhttp://www.biologyjunction.com/plant_taxonomy_bi.htm
IV. The Domain Eukarya
D. Plants: 1. Green algal ancestors 2. Colonization of Land: Environmental Differences 3. Plant Evolution – Adapting to Land 4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics
- lack vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) - inefficient water transport - short - lack true organs (defined by the presence of vascular tissue) - some have a very thin waxy cuticle - some have stomates
http://www.brynmawr.edu/biology/franklin/Bio103Key.htm
http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/learning/resources/plant_form_function/plant_form/vascular_ground_tissues.html
XYLEM
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics
- release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte
http://www.eplantscience.com/index_files/alteration_of_generation.php http://lima.osu.edu/biology/archive/bryophyt.html
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics
- release flagellated sperm directly into the environment - have a dominant gametophyte generation, and a short-lived, ephemeral sporophyte
http://ux.brookdalecc.edu/fac/biology/lab/102/lab22.html
http://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm
http://hudsonvalleygeologist.blogspot.com/2010/10/oldest-land-plants.html
Liverwort spores from Argentina, 470 myaRubinstein, et. al. 2010. Early Middle Ordovician evidence for land plants in Argentina (eastern Gondwana). New Phytologist 188: 365-369
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes” a. Groups b. Characteristics c. History
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes”5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics
http://manravbioeducation.blogspot.com/2007/08/transport-of-materials-in-plants.html
Vascular tissue:
Xylem: water up
Phloem: sugars down
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes”5. Tracheophytes a. Characteristics Dominant Sporophyte
http://www.plantbiology.siu.edu/plb304/lecture07pterid/ferns.html
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. “Non-tracheophytes”5. Tracheophytes b. Groups
i. Lycopodiophytes: (one vein per leaf )ii. Euphyllophytes: (multiple veins per leaf)
http://www.doctortee.com/dsu/tiftickjian/bio101/lvps.html
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups
i. Lycopodiophytes
Barangwanathia – 420 mya
http://www.geol.umd.edu/~tholtz/G102/102mpal2.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meyers_b15_s0272b.jpg
Lepidodendron was a canopy species (100 ft tall, 3ft in diameter) in the Carboniferous Period (360-300 mya); ferns and other Lycophytes were in the understory.
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups
i. Lycopodiophytes
http://ashscience7.wikispaces.com/Plant+Classification
http://mygarden.uphero.com/ferns06.htm
Lycopodium, a “Clubmoss”
Selaginella, a “Spikemoss”
Isoetes, a“quillwort”
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups
i. Lycopodiophytes
http://universe-review.ca/R10-23-plants.htmhttp://mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/~ll125/en/life-3.htm
IV. The Domain Eukarya D. Plants:4. Non-tracheophytes5. Tracheophytes b. Groups
i. Lycopodiophytes