The Discovery of Dark Energy Gerson Goldhaber Physics Department University of California at...

The Discovery of Dark Energy

Gerson GoldhaberPhysics Department

University of California at Berkeley

and LBNL

Nov. 21, 2005 Gerson Goldhaber, SFSU Colloquium

Calibrated Standard Candles


Why are all the Type Ia SNe of nearly the same brightness?

• When a star of near Solar Mass uses up all of its Hydrogen and Helium it collapses to a White Dwarf. (W.D.)

• If the White Dwarf has a companion star then, for the right conditions, Mass can be Transferred to the W.D.

• Type Ia SNe are due to the explosion of a W.D. This occurs when it reaches a mass of 1.4 M0 (the Chandrasekhar limit) from Mass Transfer


Positive Image Dec 28, 1989


Negative Image Jan 23 1990


Superimposed images


Supernova Discovery and Measurement Sequence.


QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.






The Sky in Chile

QuickTime™ and aMotion JPEG A decompressor


By Chris Smith at Cerro Tololo


\

The Hubble SpaceTelescope


Expansion History of the Universe

QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressor



Discovery of Dark Energy



A Supernova explodes and the light reaches us some 9 billion years later. The light started out about 4.5 billion years before our solar system was formed.


Supernova Light Curve and Spectrum




SNe Light Curves from the HST and Images


Type Ia SNe and the Expansion of the UniverseObservation of Time Dilation negates “Tired Light”

1/(1+z)

1/(1+z)s


Adjusting for Stretch


Series of Hubble Curves to allow the Measurement of M








Hubble Curves

Sullivan et al. 2003Elliptical Galaxies contain less Dust


Concordance between SNe, CMB and Clusters

M


w vs. M (w =p/)


QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor


Riess et al. 2004 SNe from the HST. Acceleration and earlier Deceleration

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor



Strong Gravitational Lensing


NASA/WMAP Science Team

Precision measurements show Temperature fluctuations

Temperature Map

Nov. 21, 2005

First SN discovered in a cluster in this search

Cluster RCS0221-03

at z = 1.02

preliminary


SNe discovered in ongoing search

z=0.926

z=1.316

preliminary

preliminary

The Discovery of Dark Energy Gerson Goldhaber Physics Department University of California at...

Documents

Transcript of The Discovery of Dark Energy Gerson Goldhaber Physics Department University of California at...