The Digital Object Identifier: A Tool for E-Commerce and Rights Management

doi>Glen Secor26 Nov 01

• Identifiers enable us to manage content• Physical world: ISBN, ISSN, ISMN, SICI, etc

• good systems for publishers• Digital world: ? URL?

• poor systems for publishers (e.g. E Books)• how to use existing identifier systems?

• Make WWW transactions as invisible as telephone transactions– machine to machine, – not machine to people to machine

Why a new identifier?

Digital world enables both use and protection• Aim is to maximise value of information objects: - reduce copy infringement and - increase accessibility;

- need to identify what it is you are managing • Mass production mass customisation - components must be clearly identifiable - and terms defined

The intellectual property background

• Establish a way of identifying content in the digital environment– actionable identifier

• Which can be the basis of rights management– extensible; can be developed further

DOI: aim

• Identification of content - intellectual property in any form - with precision & granularity• Actionable identification - automation; “click to do something”

- services • Interoperability, extensibility

• Open standard

DOI requirements

Pieces of "rights metadata" used in each semantic structure

Describing rights using data

Primary rights events (claims, deals) are described using pieces of data:

Rights Statement (“claim”) [party] owns [right] in [creation] in [time] and [place]

Rights Agreement (“deal”) [party] agreed with [party] in [time] and [place] that [event]

Permission [party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place].

Prohibition [party] can’t [verb] to [creation] at [time] in [place].

Requirement [party] must [verb] [amount] to [creation/party] at [time] in [place].

Rights Transfer [party] can [grant right] to [party] in [creation] at [time] in [place].

Secondary rights events (licences) are also described using pieces of data:

Describing rights using data

This mix of data from many sources is used in many different places by different people in chains of rights events:

Distributed rights management

agreement

agreement

transfertransferstatementstatement agreementagreement

permissionpermissionprohibition prohibition

permissionpermissionassertionassertion agreementagreement

requirement

requirement

etc

[party] can [verb] [amount] to [creation] at [time] in [place].

Each entity can be expanded to reveal more data

Enter the Digital Object Identifier

• The Digital Object Identifier is a system for:

– Identifying and exchanging intellectual property;

– Managing intellectual content in any form at any level of granularity;

– Linking customers with content suppliers; and

– Enabling automated copyright management for all types of media.

doi>

• For the purpose of the DOI system, the DOI is a unique “dumb number” assigned to an entity - only when accompanied by metadata, can any information be determined from the enumeration. The metadata may change (i.e. when ownership of the entity changes), but the identifier remains persistent for the life of the digital object.

The DOI Components – Enumeration

• The DOI is comprised of a prefix and a suffix separated by a forward slash:

> Content producers may choose to have a single prefix for all their products, or a prefix for each imprint, label, product line, or

whatever level makes sense for their purposes.

> The suffix can be identifiers or product numbers employed within a particular industry or private proprietary codes used within a content producer's organization. The suffix can be assigned to entities of any size or granularity or any file type.

The DOI brings together two major fundamentals which ensure long term extensibility and interoperability of various types of intellectual property within various systems, wireless applications, broadcasting and Internet applications:

The DOI System – Open Standards

The Handle System - a distributed, scalable system based on open protocols, which manages digital intellectual property as first class entities. Both the Handle System resolution and the DOI metadata components are structured, consistent, and manageable so it is possible to apply DOIs to any content and to develop further tools for content management.

The <indecs> Framework - a broad multi-industry effort which defined principles for metadata and how existing metadata systems can be mapped into a standard interoperable form. On an open standards basis, this framework is currently being expanded to create <indecs2>, a Rights Data Dictionary for multimedia rights management, because unlike kernel metadata, rights data is transient and dynamic.

DOI Administration - Creation

Administrator (publisher.com)

Identifier: DOI: 10.XXXX/1234 URL: http://publisher.com/10.X...Title: New Horizona - Latin JazzAgent = Author: John Jakob-JemènezType: digital fileMode: Text: 250 pages Images: 20 Moving Images: 2 Audio: 20Release Date: January 1, 2001Rights Profile: Translation Paperback ElectronicEmail Contact: info@pub1.comOther Titles by Author: Title 2; Title 3Retailers: amazon; bol;

DOI data and metadata (XMLbatch)

DOI data and metadata

Registration Agency

Metadata Collection

metadata

DOI System

DOI data

Multiple Resolution

Syndicator - RetailerDistributor - Rights Person

Trade AssociationMultimedia Publisher

Data Aggragator - Consumer

Resolution Request

DOI System Metadata Collection

DOI 10.XXXX/123

Type Data

Index

The DOI System – Standards Tracking

The DOI is one component of a fast developing technological infrastructure for the management of intellectual property in the network environment. There are many different players involved in the development of that infrastructure, ranging from technical organizations to the "content industries" themselves.

WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) ISO (International Standards Organization) NISO (National Information Standards Organization) IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) OEBF (Open eBook Forum) MPEG 21 (Moving Picture Experts Group)

A significant element of the work of the IDF lies in tracking standards developments in related areas, understanding their significance to the context within which theDOI will operate, and establishing working relationships with organizations and projects to ensure that appropriate co-operation is fostered to mutual benefit (and that parallel developments do not remain in ignorance of one another).

Acknowledgments

• This presentation was cobbled together using slides from presentations made in recent months by:– Norman Paskin, Executive Director, IDF (various presentations) (see

www.doi.org)

– The “Overview of the DOI” presentation found on the IDF website (see www.doi.org)

– A presentation made by Robert Bolick of McGraw-Hill at the

ALAI Conference, June 2001 (see http://www.law.columbia.edu/conferences/2001/1_program_en.htm