The Digestive System Human Anatomy and Physiology Per 2 & 3 Miss Tavitian.

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The Digestive System Human Anatomy and Physiology Per 2 & 3 Miss Tavitian

Transcript of The Digestive System Human Anatomy and Physiology Per 2 & 3 Miss Tavitian.

Page 1: The Digestive System Human Anatomy and Physiology Per 2 & 3 Miss Tavitian.

The Digestive System Human Anatomy and Physiology Per 2 & 3

Miss Tavitian

Page 2: The Digestive System Human Anatomy and Physiology Per 2 & 3 Miss Tavitian.

Main functions

- Ingest food

- Break down food small enough to cross cell membrane

- Absorb nutrients

- Eliminate what cannot be digested

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Digestion begins when you begin to salivate

Long hours of school “taking notes”

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Alimentary Canal = tubular passage starting with mouth and ending with anus

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Mouth

Teeth

• Mechanically break down food

Saliva• chemically break down

food

• Salivary amylase digestion of starch to maltose

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKeEbVLZNWc

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Ed57ZCoXjg

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Chewed Food + Saliva = bolus

• Tongue pushes food toward the soft palate which triggers a swallowing reflex

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Salivary Glands produce saliva which travels through ducts

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Medical Conditions

Parotid TumorSwollen Submandibular gland

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Pharynx = common passageway for food & air

• soft palate pulled up to block nasopharynx

• Tongue also prevents food from coming back to oral cavity

During swallowing:

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During swallowing, the Larynx is pulled up and the Epiglottis closes off the glottis

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When Food Does Go Down The Wrong Pipe it can lead to major problems

Pulmonary Aspiration

Pulmonary – relating to lungs

Aspiration – breathing in a foreign object

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Problems associated with food going down the wrong pipe

Aspiration Pneumonia

-Pneumonia- infection or swelling of lungs

-Aspiration pneumonia can be caused by inhalation of food or drink, vomit, oil, bacterial ingestion

Choking – airway is obstructed by object

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Once the bolus enters the Esophagus, it makes its way to the stomach through peristalsis

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Once the food enters the Stomach, the esophageal sphincter will close to ensure food stays in stomach (2-3seconds)

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When The Esophageal sphincter fails to close completely, and gastric acids come up the esophagus, Acid Reflux occurs

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“Heartburn”

-“Heartburn” is the symptom associated with the stomach acid traveling up the esophagus

- The esophagus is posterior to the heart

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Upon entry into the stomach

-Three important jobs of the stomach:

> store food

> break down food into liquefied mixture

> slowly empty food into small intestine*nutrients do not get absorbed in stomach

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In the Stomach

Chief Cells produce pepsinogen and chymosin

> protein digestion begins in stomach

Parietal Cells produce ->Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

>Intrinsic Factor binds to B12 so it doesn’t get broken down

Pylorus associated with pyloric sphincter & hold food until ready to be passed on

Food will stay in stomach for 6-8 hours

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A Couple more cells of the stomach

-Chief Cells

-Parietal Cells

- Mucous CellsSecrete mucous to protect

epithelium from HCl acid

-G Cells

secrete Gastrin hormone which helps stimulate HCl

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mw8ptO3Ty6A

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Mucous protects stomach from HCl,

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Peptic Ulcer -> Barium X-ray highlights organs

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Parts of Stomach

Cardiac Region part of the stomach closest to the heart

Fundic Region holds food temporarily

Body of stomach main part of stomach

Pyloric region leads to pylorus which empties into small intestine

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Stomach

Layers of StomachRugae- folds of the stomach

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Overview of Stomach

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Gastric Bypass Surgery

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WN6pECaL3Fw

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0ObD-6aRlI

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Upon Leaving the Stomach food + gastric juices (chyme) travels through pylorus to small intestine

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Parts of small intestine

Three Parts to the small intestine:

-Duodenum

-Jejunum

-Ileum

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What Happens in the small intestine?

• Ducts from Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas join to form one duct that enters Duodenum

• Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates will finish undergoing digestion

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Food will pass from small intestine to large intestine through Ileocecal valve

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Large Intestine

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Parts of Colon (aka Large Intestine)

Large Intestine has four parts:- Ascending Colon- Transverse Colon- Descending Colon- Sigmoid Colon

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Haustra- pouches in large intestine that expand to store material

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ujr0UAbyPS4

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Taenia coli- Muscle along the surface that help with peristalsis (green arrow)

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