The Digestive System A Closer Look. Betcha didn’t know that… Your intestines are 7.5 metres...
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Transcript of The Digestive System A Closer Look. Betcha didn’t know that… Your intestines are 7.5 metres...
The Digestive System A Closer Look
Betcha didn’t know that… Your intestines are 7.5 metres long! A horse’s intestines are 27 metres long! Digestion from mouth to anus takes ~72 hrs! In your lifetime, your digestive system may handle about 50
tons o’ food! The average person eats about 1.4 kg of food per day! 1.5 litres of saliva are produced each day! An adult’s stomach can hold about 1.5 litres! Each day 11.5 litres of digested food, liquids and digestive
juices flow through the digestive system…but only 100mLs are lost in feces!
QOTD – Label Me!
Answers
1. Tongue
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Duodenum
5. Pancreas
6. Ileum
7. Large Intestine
8. Rectum
Purpose:
To enable the absorption of the nutrients needed for growth, maintenance and repair
Types of Digestion
As food travels down the alimentary canal it must be broken down into monomers so that our cells can use them.
They need to be small enough to pass through the villi and into the bloodstream.
Mechanical Digestion
Chewing, Mixing, Emulsifying
Done with the teeth Peristalsis: Muscular
contractions move the bolus (food ball) along the digestive tract.
Chemical Digestion
Performed by enzymes Uses the process of hydrolysis to break down
polymers into monomers.
Question:
HOW DO WE KEEP FROM DIGESTING OURSELVES??
Answer:
Line the entire system with mucus!!
Lined from the cardiac sphincter to the anus.
Where is there no mucus?
Esophagus…Acid reflux (heartburn)
Components of Digestion
Ingestion = the taking in of nutrients = enters by mouth
Digestion = the breakdown of complex organic molecules into
smaller components by physical & chemical means
Mechanical – done by teeth, and stomach
Chemical – done by the mouth, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestine.
Break It Down Now!Enzymes
Carbohydrases break down ________ Peptidases break down… ________ Lipases break down… ________
Absorption
The taking up of digested molecules into cells Done by stomach, small intestine (villi), large
intestine
small intestine (villi)
Absorption
The Small Intestine is designed to have a large surface area.
The inner membrane is folded like a fan The entire surface is covered with villi (villus) Each villus is covered with microvilli Absorption involves diffusion and active
transport
Anatomy of a VillusMicrovilli
Capillary
Lacteal
Water
Minerals TO BLOOD
Water soluble vitamins (B, C)
Glucose
Amino AcidsGlycerol TO LYMPH
Fatty Acids
Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
Proteins
Starches
Lipids
BEFORE DIGESTION…
TOO BIG!!
AFTER DIGESTION…
SMALL ENOUGH!!
Elimination The removal of waste from the body Done by large intestine, rectum and anus
Control Mechanisms
Regulation through feedback
Done by hormones (chemical messengers)
Thermostat Example:
-Too hot, shuts down
-Too cold, starts furnace
Digestion of Fats
When fats enter the duodenum, the hormone CCK (Cholecystokinia) is released which causes the gall bladder to release bile.
Fats are emulsified
Acidic Chyme
When acidic chyme enters the small intestine, the hormone secretin is released which causes the pancreas to release bicarbonate ions.
The acid is then neutralized!
Blood Glucose Levels
When glucose enters the blood stream, the pancreas releases Insulin.
Insulin stimulates the storage of glucose (as Glycogen, in the liver)
Blood Glucose Levels CONT
When blood glucose levels drop too low, the pancreas releases Glucagon.
Glucagon stimulates the release of glucose (from Liver) into the bloodstream
Blood Sugar Levels
Check out Page 270!
Digestive System Problems
1. Ulcer A sore wall of the
stomach (peptic) or duodenum (duodenal)
HCl creates a hole in the mucous lining…acid irritates muscles
Caused by bacteria that reduce amount of mucous.
Treated with antibiotics
Digestive System Problems
2. Cirrhosis of the Liver. Scar tissue in liver. Caused by excessive
alcohol consumption and/or hepatitis virus.
Results in jaundice (yellow skin), nausea, pain, fluid in abdomen
Treatment…stop drinking!, vitamins, transplant.
Read Page 273!
Digestive System Problems
3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease Crohn’s Disease and
Ulcerative colitis Inflammation of the lining of
small or large intestine. Treatment: Drugs,
supplements or… Resection and Colostomy A stoma is created, and a
pouch collects the waste.
Digestive System Problems
4. Constipation Too much water is
removed from feces Usually because waste
is moving too slowly…”bunged up!”
Treatment: Eat fibre! (cellulose), laxatives, suppositories.
Time to get Active!! Using all the members of the class,
create a representation of the journey of a peanut butter and banana sandwich through the digestive system from start to finish!
WE’RE DONE!!!