The Development of Youth Fitness Education & The Physical Best Program A Brief History.
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Transcript of The Development of Youth Fitness Education & The Physical Best Program A Brief History.
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The Development of Youth Fitness Education &The Physical Best Program
A Brief History
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• Dr. Hans Kraus study
• Results indicated:
Only 42% of American children passed the assessment, while
92% of European school children passed the assessment
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• President Eisenhower is shocked by the scores from the Kraus study!
• Thus, Eisenhower established the President’s Council on Youth Fitness.
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The AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test
established normative data based on a 7 test battery.
– Pull-Ups– Sit-Ups– Shuffle-Run– Standing Broad Jump– 50-yard Dash– Softball Throw for Distance– 600-yard Run-Walk
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The AAHPERD Fitness Test Batteries
Skill-RelatedShuttle run600-yard walk/run50-yard dashSoftball throw for distance
Health-Health-RelatedRelated
• Single-leg Single-leg balancebalance
• Flexed arm hangFlexed arm hang• Push-UpsPush-Ups• Sit-UpsSit-Ups
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AAHPERD redesigned the meaning of fitness in terms of health rather than skill performance.
The Health-Related Fitness Test was created and replaced all fitness tests.
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The AAHPERD Health-Related Fitness Test was designed and used nation-wide to test cardiovascular endurance, muscular endurance and strength, flexibility, and body composition components.
Assessments included:
60 second sit-upsMile run/walkSkinfold measurements Sit-and-reachPull-ups, flexed arm hang & modified pull-ups
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The Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research introduces the Fitnessgram assessment and software to schools throughout United States.
The Fitnessgram is the first health-related assessment program to use criterion reference standards and not normative based data.
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• The Physical Best Educational Program was established and released by AAHPERD
• Developed by educators to enhance the existing physical education curriculum and supplement daily lesson plans.
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The Physical Best Fitness test changed to criterion-referenced standards and replaced all normative based test items.
The new standards were based on scientific research and represented the level of risk in each assessment items.
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The Physical Best program included cognitive components to teach fitness concepts through activity.
Physical Best encouraged the use of goal setting as a part of its recognition system.
• The process of developing fitness goals was emphasized as fitness was achieved.
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AAHPERD and Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research (CIAR) formed a partnership to promote health-related youth fitness.The Fitnessgram was selected as the official AAHPERD health-related assessment battery.The battery continued to include computer software for the Windows/DOS and Macintosh/Apple based computers.
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Physical Best published four new supplements:
Physical Best and Individuals with DisabilitiesPhysical Best and NutritionYou Stay Active Recognition ProgramSpeaking of Fitness (Anthology)
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AAHPERD, The Cooper Institute and Human AAHPERD, The Cooper Institute and Human Kinetics formed the American Fitness AllianceKinetics formed the American Fitness Alliance
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Physical Best Activity Guides were published by Human Kinetics
Elementary LevelSecondary Level
FITNESSGRAM (Version 6.0) released by CIAR and Human KineticsPhysical Education for Lifelong Fitness: (Teacher’s Guide) published by Human Kinetics.
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2nd editions of the Physical Best Activity Guides and the Teacher’s Guide including modifications for students with disabilities were published by Human Kinetics.Release of FITNESSGRAM 8.0