U TAH IN THE 20 TH C ENTURY : G LOBAL I MPACT Technology, Medicine, & Transportation.
The Development of 19 th C entury Nationalism
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Transcript of The Development of 19 th C entury Nationalism
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THE DEVELOPMENT
OF 19TH CENTURY
NATIONALISM
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WHAT IS NATIONALISM Extreme pride and devotion to your
country. Dedication to an identification of the
nation-state. What drives the development of
nationalism?Revolutions of 1848 IndustrializationRealismFinancial prosperity
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LOUIS NAPOLEON, A.K.A. NAPOLEON III
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FRANCE UNDER LOUIS NAPOLEON Louis Napoleon
Merged pop. and conservative ideals with authoritarian nationalism.
By 1848, all men were allowed to vote and voted for L.N. Why?
Related to uncle, Napoleon BonaparteTough ruler- shut down MarxismPositive approach to politics- end poverty, etc.Believed govt. should represent the people- direct
democracy
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LOUIS NAPOLEON, CONT. Elected Pres. in 1848 to 4 yr. term.
Wanted 2nd term, but National Assembly said no. Seized power with a coup d ‘etat Had a plebiscite legalize his actions, voted to a
10 yr. termSound familiar?
Later names hereditary emperor, Napoleon III
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NAPOLEON’S 2ND EMPIRE Positive changes for France:
Strengthened economy Improved public works projectsRedesigned Paris under HaussmannGave workers rights and housing to poor
Political Power:Manipulated the National Assembly to meet
his agenda
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NAPOLEON III’S POLITICAL MISTAKE Attempted to extend the borders of
France for personal gainUnpopular ideaBelieved that popular support was essential,
gave more power back to the N.A to appease them. Supported yet another new constitution- limited
his rights France became more democratic as a result
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ITALY Prior to 1850, Italy consisted of
disunified city-statesUnification was an interesting idea to many
Guiseppe Mazzini: wanted democracy based on the will of the people.
Vincenzo Gioberti: Pope for president; federation of city-states
Sardinian King Victor Emmanuel’s form of constitutional liberalism was also a thought.
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Cavour Garibaldi
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CAVOUR Brilliant statesman from Sardinia who wanted
to unify N. and Central ItalyWanted Austria to give up some N. Italian territory
(Lombardy and Venetia).Asked France for support should war occurAustria attacked Sardinia and France bailed
Sardinia won Lombardy and pro-nationalism quickly grew by 1860
A unified northern Italian state soon emerged.
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GARIBALDI Popular, radical patriot who wanted a totally
unified Italy Attacked S. Italy (Kingdom of the 2 Sicilies) with
his guerilla red-shirt fighters Was told by Cavour not to invade the Papal lands-
didn’t want to start conflict with Catholic France S. Italy was dominated and soon Garibaldi and
King Victor Emmanuel rode through Naples (Central Italy) together with cheering people’s support Symbolic: Unification of N & S Italy had occurred By 1870, Italy was ruled by Parliamentary monarchy
under King Victor Emmanuel Unification in name only- no true democratic changes
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UNIFICATION OF ITALYGARIBALDI AND KING VICTOR EMMANUEL
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GERMANY In 1815, 39 German states formed the
German Confederation.Austro-Hungarian Empire and Prussia were
part of confederation Prussia led the way for the eventual
German unificationMainly a German population (nationalism)Austria-Hungary had ethnic uprisings oftenPrussian army was the best in EuropeBerlin (Prussia) mobs forced a liberal
constitution
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OTTO VON BISMARCK 1861, King Wilhelm I wanted money for
army improvements- liberal Parliament said no.
Wilhelm sought the support of the conservative Junkers (wealthy nobles).
Wilhelm chose Bismarck, a Junker, as his Prime Minister.Bismarck is known for his brilliant use of
“realpolitik” (“the politics of reality”) Politics without idealism Declared the he would rule Prussia without the
consent of Parliament.
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King Wilhelm I Bismarck
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BISMARCK QUOTE “It is not by means of speeches and
majority resolutions that the greatest issues of the day will be decided-that was the great mistake of 1848 and 1849-but by blood and iron.”
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MY OTTO VON BISMARCK
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EMPIRE BUILDING By 1864, Bismarck made his first
attempt and crafting an empire.Allied with Austria against Denmark to gain
2 border provinces- Schleswig (Prussian controlled) and Holstein (Austrian controlled)
Victory increased national pride
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SEVEN WEEKS’ WAR Bismarck stirred up trouble with the
Austrians over the Holstein.Austria declared war on Prussia in 1866Prussia won the brief war and made fools of
Austria.Austria lost Venetia (given back to Italy) and
Prussia was able to annex more German land. Prussia had successfully unified Northern
Germany by 1867 (Called N. German Confederation)
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FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR Bismarck was a master at creating
“incidents” in order to manipulate people into submission.
He wanted to unify S. Germany to N. Germany, but Catholic S. Germany was terrified of Bismarck and the Protestants in the N. (Kulturkampf)
Bismarck accused the French of disrespect of the Prussian King (lie) and the French declared war on Prussia (July 19, 1870)
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FRANCO-PRUSSIAN WAR CONT. The Prussian army invaded N. France French were outmaneuvered at Sedan 83,000 French prisoners were taken including
Napoleon III French finally surrendered by late 1870 Franco-Prussian War was the last stage of
German unification S. Germany was swept up by nationalism and
accepted Prussian leadership King Wilhelm I was crowned Kaiser (emperor) at
Versailles on January 18, 1871 The Germans called their empire the 2nd Reich
(H.R.E. being the 1st)
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POWER SHIFT At the Congress of Vienna in 1815,
Metternich had worked hard to create a balance of power within Europe.
By 1871, Germany and Britain would be the most powerful countries in Europe.
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