The Dead Guys & The Old Pieces of Paper John Locke, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Baron De...
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The Dead Guys &
The Old Pieces of Paper
John Locke, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, Baron De
Montesquieu, et al&
The Magna Carta and the Mayflower Compact
The Road to the Government of the US
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John Locke (1632-1704)•English•Labor theory of value (I)
•Life, liberty, and property
•Government is to protect
•Right to revolution
•The Second Treatise on Civil Government
http://www.cpm.ll.ehime-u.ac.jp/AkamacHomePage/Akamac_E-text_Links/Locke.html
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Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)
•Italian•Politics and patriotism•Power•The Prince
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The Prince•What is the purpose of the book?
•What characteristics does Machiavelli say are key to a good leader?
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The Prince, of today?
How do Machiavelli’s ideas apply today?
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Adam Smith (1723-1790)•Scottish•Political economist
•Economic freedom/free market
•Government ensures fairness
•Value Theory (II)•1776 - Wealth of Nations
http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/~econ/ugcm/3ll3/smith/
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John Stuart Mill (1806-1873)
•England•Scholar•Self-development key
•On Liberty 1859
•Truth
http://www.econ.duke.edu/Economists/Gifs/Mill.gif
"One person with a belief is equal to a force of ninety-nine who have only interest."
-John Stuart Mill
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Baron de Montesquieu•Bordeaux, France 1689
•Types of Government
•Balance of Power•Balanced system of government - 3 tiers.
•On the Spirit of Laws
http://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/montesquieu/montesquieu-bio.html
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Magna Carta, 1215•“Seeds of
Democracy”•England•King John of England and the Barons
•War with France•Council of Barons•Legal rights
http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/magnacarta/magmain.html
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Mayflower Compact, 1620
•Pilgrims/Separatists•Religious persecution•First basis in the new world for written laws
•Self-government•Laws for good of Colony
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http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/revolution/revgfx/may-compact.jpg
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The Original
Declarationof
Independence
~~~~~~~~~~25 original
copies
http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/declaration/decorig.jpg
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The Stone
Document Engravin
gPlate1823
http://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/declaration/decstone.jpg
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The DOI Finds a Home
•Travels1776-1921•Library of Congress1924-1941
•1941-1945 Fort Knox
•1952 -present National Archives
•Bombproof•Archival Measureshttp://www.nara.gov/exhall/charters/charters.html
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Take two minutes and answer the following on an even side in
your notebook.•If you were starting a new country, what are the two most important things you would need first and how would you obtain/create them?
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The Articles Aren’t Working!
Creating the US Constitution
Help!
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The Articles of Confederation
•“League of Friendship”•Weak Central Government•Declare War•Make peace treaties, regulate trade w/Native Americans•Some foreign trade
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The AOC Could NOT...
•Create common currency.•Tax.•Create a military.•Be amended with out unanimous consent.
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Shays’ Rebellion•Daniel Shays•Soldiers unpaid.
•Rebellion in Massachusetts
•No trial Jail
•Shays flees.
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Independence Hall
http://www.libertynet.org/iha/tour/_indhall.html http://www.cr.nps.gov/worldheritage/ind.htm
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James Madison “Father of the Constitution”•Virginia Landowner
•Scholar•Government and Political Philosophy
•1776, VA’s constitution•Supported Hamilton for a constitutional convention
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The Delegates•55 of 74 attended•35 with legal training•All with political experience
•14 from leading families•Most had money•Most with families.
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George Washington
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•May, 1787•Closed
windows
•J. Madison
secretary
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Virginia Plan •3 Branches of Government•Ultra-Strong Central Government•Representation by population
•Central Government may more easily raise revenue and regulate commerce
•Equal representation•Supreme law of the States
New Jersey Plan
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The Great Compromise
•House of Representatives - population
•Senate - 2 per state“Three-Fifths”
Compromise•Slavery
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The US Constitution
•Provides a framework for government.
•7 articles.
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The National Archives Rotunda