The Cultural Revolution - People & Science
2
VELM 16 VMOV@M$^NJMHNM ^mvymbamq 1655 Bo~y ~njmhyj~y~ |o}`i k}bv ey ycm ncehnm yo evvmeq oh YT oq qeijo oq jh vqjhy( Co|mtmq, e}ijmhnm~ eqm eiovyjhl hm| ymncho`oljm~ yo tjm| ehi ~ceqm qm`mtehy jhdoqbeyjoh ycqo}lc ~onje` hmy|oqg~, e~ ehi |cmh ycmz |ehy jy, |cmqmtmq ycmz bjlcy am ehi jhymlqeyjhl jy |jyc oycmq n}`y}qe` enyjtjyjm~ #qmeijhl, ~covvjhl, `j~ymhjhl yo b}~jn, ehi ~o oh*( Noh~mu}mhy`z, yqeijyjohe` aqoeine~yjhl j~ jhhoteyjhl yo ~yez nohhmnymi yo jy~ e}ijmhnm~( 5 DMEY]QM Ycm n}`y}qe` qmto`}yjoh Mqjhbe Onc} msv`oqm~ ~njmhnm jh e hm| bjs Iq Mqjhbe Onc} DQ^E j~ Ijqmnyoq od Ycm Behncm~ymq Amenoh doq V}a`jn Mhlelmbmhy, |qjymq ehi Cohoqeqz Dm``o| ey Ycm ]hjtmq~jyz od Behncm~ymq mqjhbe(onc}Fbehncm~ymq(en(}g Y|jyymq; Fmqjhbeonc} Fbnqamenoh |||(behncm~ymqamenoh(oql Ycmqm j~ e c}lm ovvoqy}hjyz doq ~onje``z ~ettz ~njmhyj~y~ ehi ~njmhnm nobb}hjneyoq~ yo qjim ycm |etm od ycj~ ymnchjne` qmto`}yjoh, amne}~m jy j~ e`~o e ~onje` ohm( Ycm v}a`jn eqm ~|jyncjhl odd ycmjq YT ~my~ jh deto}q od ~ceqmi, bmboqea`m msvmqjmhnm~( Odymh, jd ymncho`olz j~ jhto`tmi, jy cm`v~ nohhmny oqlehj~mq~, veqyjnjvehy~ ehi e}ijmhnm~ jh ycm q}h"}v yo ycm mtmhy( N}`y}qe` no``j~joh~ Ebe{jhl ycjhl~ cevvmh |cmh ijddmqmhy n}`y}qm~ no``jim( ^njmhnm, `jgm oycmq n}`y}qe` vqenyjnm~ #b}~jn, eqy, `jymqey}qm, nobmiz, lebjhl* neh cm`v }~ }himq~yehi ehi lejh gho|`milm eao}y ycm |oq`i( \jyco}y im`tjhl jhyo ycm ijddmqmhnm~, te`}m~ ehi amhmdjy~ od ohm n}`y}qe` vqenyjnm otmq ehoycmq, J eb e`|ez~ n}qjo}~ yo ~mm |cey cevvmh~ |cmh ijddmqmhy vqenyjnm~, ij~njv`jhm~ ehi vmq~vmnyjtm~ no``jim( L}mqj``e ^njmhnm, Aqjlcy N`}a, Nobjsmi ehi ycm ~jhlmq Akoqg‚~ `eym~y hey}qm"jh~vjqmi e`a}b, Ajovcj`je, eqm msebv`m~ od co| ~njmhnm no}`i am ohm veqy od e n}`y}qe` bjs( B}~jn, eqyj~y~, nohtmq~eyjoh Ajovcj`je –nm`maqeym~ co| ~o}hi |oqg~ jh hey}qm, msv`oqjhl ycm jhdjhjym msveh~m od ycm }hjtmq~m, dqob v`ehmyeqz ~z~ymb~ yo eyobjn ~yq}ny}qm‚( 1 @e}hncmi e~ ~mtmqe` jhyjbeym `jtm mtmhy~ ey ycm Behncm~ymq Jhymqheyjohe` Dm~yjte`, jy dmey}qmi b}~jne` jh~yq}bmhy~, jhn`}ijhl e vmhi}`}b ycey ceqhm~~m~ ycm Meqyc‚~ lqetjyeyjohe` v}``, yo nqmeym b}~jn( Ycm v}a`jn mhlelmbmhy ajy " e`yco}lc ycmz‚i hmtmq ne`` jy ycey% " jhn`}imi ~mtmqe` jvei evv`jneyjoh~ #jhyqoi}nmi az Ietji Eyymhaoqo}lc*, lebm~ ehi o}yqmenc |jyc zo}hl vmov`m yo msv`oqm ycm jime~ amcjhi jy( L}mqj``e ^njmhnm –bjsm~ ~njmhnm |jyc eqy, b}~jn ehi v`ez‚ yo nqmeym jh~ye``eyjoh~, dj`b~, `jtm imboh~yqeyjoh~, jhymqenyjtm msvmqjbmhy~ ehi lebm~ ey b}~jn dm~yjte`~ ehi eqy~ mtmhy~( Kmh \ohl od L}mqj``e ^njmhnm qmnmhy`z nobbmhymi jh \m``nobm Hm|~ ycey –b}~jn dm~yjte`~ eqm eh ebe{jhl v`enm yo ~ceqm ~njmhnm․ ejbjhl yo mbami ~njmhnm jhyo n}`y}qm, |m yegm qm~meqncmq~ o}y od ycm `ea ehi jhyo ycm dm~yjte`~ " v`enm~ ycey jh~vjqm(‚ >,9 Aqjlcy N`}a j~ aj``mi e~ ycm –ycjhgjhl vmq~oh‚~ teqjmyz hjlcy‚ ehi |e~ iqmebmi }v az Cmei od V}a`jn Mhlelmbmhy ey ]hjtmq~jyz No``mlm @ohioh, ^ymtm Nqo~~( = Aqjlcy N`}a –~yeqymi odd e~ eh msvmqjbmhy‚ nobajhjhl nobmiz, jhym``mny}e`~ ehi `jtm b}~jn jh e @ohioh v}a( Ycm nohnmvy ce~ ~vqmei az |oqi"od" bo}yc, denmaoog ehi ~njmhnm/ Amenoh 4 hmy|oqg~ yo Behncm~ymq, \e`m~, @mmi~, ^cmddjm`i, Hoq|jnc, Zoqg, Mijha}qlc, Hm|ne~y`m, Nebaqjilm ehi Aqj~yo`( Beycmbeyjnjeh Qjnceqi Nqe|doqi aqo}lcy Aqjlcy N`}a yo Behncm~ymq eqy~ nedê, Hms}~, ghongjhl e`ncoco` o}y od ycm bjs ehi aqjhljhl eqyj~y~ jh( Nobjsmi, e Behncm~ymq Amenoh mhimeto}q, nohhmny~ eqyj~y~, eneimbjn~ ehi ycm v}a`jn ycqo}lc nohtmq~eyjoh~ eao}y 15~y nmhy}qz nce``mhlm~ ycey eqm qmnoqimi, qmbjsmi ehi qmv`ezmi ycqo}lc vmqdoqbehnm ehi ~onje` bmije jh ycm doqb od nobjn~, voine~y~ ehi dj`b~( < Nqo~~ dmqyj`j~eyjoh M~~mhyje``z ycmqm j~ eh jhnqme~jhl imbehi yo }~m ~njmhnm yo mhymqyejh, nqmeym e|eqmhm~~ ehi `meqh( E~ ycm ao}hieqjm~ amy|mmh vqodm~~johe` ehi hoh"vqodm~~johe` msvmqyj~m a`}q , ycmqm eqm ea}biehy ovvoqy}hjyjm~ doq nqo~~ dmqyj`j~eyjoh ycey ~veh ycm ao}hieqjm~ od yqeijyjohe` oqlehj~eyjoh~, lmolqevcz ehi vqodm~~johe` vqenyjnm( Mhimeto}q~ ycey jhd}~m ~njmhyjdjn vqenyjnm ehi ~njmhyjdjn gho|`milm e~ veqy od e |jimq n}`y}qe` msvmqjmhnm vqm~mhy e c}lm ovvoqy}hjyz doq ycm v}a`jn yo k}~y –lmy ~njmhnm‚( Ycm te`}m od ~njmhnm yo ~onjmyz |j`` am jbv`jnjy`z }himq~yooi ehi, dqob ycey, |jimq amhmdjy~ |j`` jhmtjyea`z do``o|( V^( Jd zo} eqm iqmebjhl }v ~}nc eh jhtmhyjoh, lmy jh yo}nc% 5 ^mm ^ohje @jtjhl~yohm #1669* Ycm Nce``mhlm od Ncehljhl E}ijmhnm~, M}qovmeh Ko}qhe` od Nobb}hjneyjoh to`( 5: #5* v<="34 1 |||(l}eqijeh(no(}g/b}~jn/b}~jna`ol/ 1655/k}`/16/akoqg"ajovcj`je"evv > ^mm Kmh \ohl #K}`z 1655*, –Evv`jehnm od ^njmhnm‚, \m``nobm Hm|~, v>9 9 ^mm l}mqj``e~njmhnm(no(}g = ^mm |||(aqjlcyn`}a(oql/ 4 ^mm cyyv;//v}a`jnmhlelmbmhy vmov`mye`g(|oqivqm~~(nob/ < ^mm |||(nobjsmi(oql(}g
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Transcript of The Cultural Revolution - People & Science
7/31/2019 The Cultural Revolution - People & Science
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-cultural-revolution-people-science 1/1VELM16 VMOV@M$^NJMHNM ^mvymbamq 1655
Bo~y ~njmhyj~y~ |o}`i k}bv ey ycm ncehnm yo evvmeq oh YT oq qeijo
oq jh vqjhy( Co|mtmq, e}ijmhnm~ eqm eiovyjhl hm| ymncho`oljm~ yo
tjm| ehi ~ceqm qm`mtehy jhdoqbeyjoh ycqo}lc ~onje` hmy|oqg~, e~ ehi
|cmh ycmz |ehy jy, |cmqmtmq ycmz bjlcy am ehi jhymlqeyjhl jy |jyc
oycmq n}`y}qe` enyjtjyjm~ #qmeijhl, ~covvjhl, `j~ymhjhl yo b}~jn, ehi ~ooh*( Noh~mu}mhy`z, yqeijyjohe` aqoeine~yjhl j~ jhhoteyjhl yo ~yez
nohhmnymi yo jy~ e}ijmhnm~(5
DMEY]QM
Ycm n}`y}qe`
qmto`}yjohMqjhbe Onc} msv`oqm~~njmhnm jh e hm| bjs
Iq Mqjhbe Onc} DQ^E j~ Ijqmnyoq od Ycm Behncm~ymq Amenoh doq V}a`jn Mhlelmbmhy, |qjymq ehiCohoqeqz Dm``o| ey Ycm ]hjtmq~jyzod Behncm~ymq
mqjhbe(onc}Fbehncm~ymq(en(}g Y|jyymq; Fmqjhbeonc} Fbnqamenoh
|||(behncm~ymqamenoh(oql
Ycmqm j~ e c}lm ovvoqy}hjyz doq ~onje``z ~ettz ~njmhyj~y~ ehi ~njmhnmnobb}hjneyoq~ yo qjim ycm |etm odycj~ ymnchjne` qmto`}yjoh, amne}~m jyj~ e`~o e ~onje` ohm( Ycm v}a`jn eqm~|jyncjhl odd ycmjq YT ~my~ jh deto}q od~ceqmi, bmboqea`m msvmqjmhnm~(Odymh, jd ymncho`olz j~ jhto`tmi, jycm`v~ nohhmny oqlehj~mq~,veqyjnjvehy~ ehi e}ijmhnm~ jh ycmq}h"}v yo ycm mtmhy(
N}`y}qe` no``j~joh~
Ebe{jhl ycjhl~ cevvmh |cmhijddmqmhy n}`y}qm~ no``jim( ^njmhnm,`jgm oycmq n}`y}qe` vqenyjnm~ #b}~jn,eqy, `jymqey}qm, nobmiz, lebjhl*neh cm`v }~ }himq~yehi ehi lejhgho|`milm eao}y ycm |oq`i(\jyco}y im`tjhl jhyo ycmijddmqmhnm~, te`}m~ ehi amhmdjy~ odohm n}`y}qe` vqenyjnm otmq ehoycmq,J eb e`|ez~ n}qjo}~ yo ~mm |ceycevvmh~ |cmh ijddmqmhy vqenyjnm~,
ij~njv`jhm~ ehi vmq~vmnyjtm~ no``jim(
L}mqj``e ^njmhnm, Aqjlcy N`}a,Nobjsmi ehi ycm ~jhlmq Akoqg‚~`eym~y hey}qm"jh~vjqmi e`a}b,Ajovcj`je, eqm msebv`m~ od co|~njmhnm no}`i am ohm veqy od en}`y}qe` bjs(
B}~jn, eqyj~y~, nohtmq~eyjoh
Ajovcj`je –nm`maqeym~ co| ~o}hi|oqg~ jh hey}qm, msv`oqjhl ycm jhdjhjymmsveh~m od ycm }hjtmq~m, dqobv`ehmyeqz ~z~ymb~ yo eyobjn~yq}ny}qm‚(1 @e}hncmi e~ ~mtmqe`jhyjbeym `jtm mtmhy~ ey ycmBehncm~ymq Jhymqheyjohe` Dm~yjte`,jy dmey}qmi b}~jne` jh~yq}bmhy~,jhn`}ijhl e vmhi}`}b yceyceqhm~~m~ ycm Meqyc‚~ lqetjyeyjohe`
v}``, yo nqmeym b}~jn( Ycm v}a`jnmhlelmbmhy ajy " e`yco}lc ycmz‚ihmtmq ne`` jy ycey% " jhn`}imi ~mtmqe`jvei evv`jneyjoh~ #jhyqoi}nmi azIetji Eyymhaoqo}lc*, lebm~ ehio}yqmenc |jyc zo}hl vmov`m yomsv`oqm ycm jime~ amcjhi jy(
L}mqj``e ^njmhnm –bjsm~ ~njmhnm|jyc eqy, b}~jn ehi v`ez‚ yo
nqmeym jh~ye``eyjoh~, dj`b~, `jtmimboh~yqeyjoh~, jhymqenyjtmmsvmqjbmhy~ ehi lebm~ ey b}~jndm~yjte`~ ehi eqy~ mtmhy~( Kmh \ohlod L}mqj``e ^njmhnm qmnmhy`znobbmhymi jh \m``nobm Hm|~ ycey–b}~jn dm~yjte`~ eqm eh ebe{jhlv`enm yo ~ceqm ~njmhnm․ ejbjhl yombami ~njmhnm jhyo n}`y}qm, |myegm qm~meqncmq~ o}y od ycm `eaehi jhyo ycm dm~yjte`~ " v`enm~ycey jh~vjqm(‚ >,9
Aqjlcy N`}a j~ aj``mi e~ ycm –ycjhgjhlvmq~oh‚~ teqjmyz hjlcy‚ ehi |e~
iqmebmi }v az Cmei od V}a`jnMhlelmbmhy ey ]hjtmq~jyz No``mlm@ohioh, ^ymtm Nqo~~(= Aqjlcy N`}a–~yeqymi odd e~ eh msvmqjbmhy‚nobajhjhl nobmiz, jhym``mny}e`~ehi `jtm b}~jn jh e @ohioh v}a(Ycm nohnmvy ce~ ~vqmei az |oqi"od"bo}yc, denmaoog ehi ~njmhnm/Amenoh4 hmy|oqg~ yo Behncm~ymq,\e`m~, @mmi~, ^cmddjm`i, Hoq|jnc,Zoqg, Mijha}qlc, Hm|ne~y`m,Nebaqjilm ehi Aqj~yo`(Beycmbeyjnjeh Qjnceqi Nqe|doqiaqo}lcy Aqjlcy N`}a yo Behncm~ymq
eqy~ nedê, Hms}~, ghongjhl e`ncoco`o}y od ycm bjs ehi aqjhljhl eqyj~y~ jh(
Nobjsmi, e Behncm~ymq Amenohmhimeto}q, nohhmny~ eqyj~y~,eneimbjn~ ehi ycm v}a`jn ycqo}lc
nohtmq~eyjoh~ eao}y 15~y nmhy}qznce``mhlm~ ycey eqm qmnoqimi,qmbjsmi ehi qmv`ezmi ycqo}lcvmqdoqbehnm ehi ~onje` bmije jhycm doqb od nobjn~, voine~y~
ehi dj`b~(<
Nqo~~ dmqyj`j~eyjoh
M~~mhyje``z ycmqm j~ eh jhnqme~jhlimbehi yo }~m ~njmhnm yo mhymqyejh,nqmeym e|eqmhm~~ ehi `meqh( E~ ycmao}hieqjm~ amy|mmh vqodm~~johe`ehi hoh"vqodm~~johe` msvmqyj~m a`}q,ycmqm eqm ea}biehy ovvoqy}hjyjm~doq nqo~~ dmqyj`j~eyjoh ycey ~veh ycmao}hieqjm~ od yqeijyjohe`oqlehj~eyjoh~, lmolqevcz ehivqodm~~johe` vqenyjnm(
Mhimeto}q~ ycey jhd}~m ~njmhyjdjn
vqenyjnm ehi ~njmhyjdjn gho|`milme~ veqy od e |jimq n}`y}qe`msvmqjmhnm vqm~mhy e c}lmovvoqy}hjyz doq ycm v}a`jn yo k}~y –lmy~njmhnm‚( Ycm te`}m od ~njmhnm yo~onjmyz |j`` am jbv`jnjy`z }himq~yooiehi, dqob ycey, |jimq amhmdjy~ |j``jhmtjyea`z do``o|(
V^( Jd zo} eqm iqmebjhl }v ~}nc ehjhtmhyjoh, lmy jh yo}nc%
5 ^mm ^ohje @jtjhl~yohm #1669* Ycm Nce``mhlm odNcehljhl E}ijmhnm~, M}qovmeh Ko}qhe` odNobb}hjneyjoh to`( 5: #5* v<="34
1 |||(l}eqijeh(no(}g/b}~jn/b}~jna`ol/1655/k}`/16/akoqg"ajovcj`je"evv
> ^mm Kmh \ohl #K}`z 1655*, –Evv`jehnm od ^njmhnm‚,\m``nobm Hm|~, v>9
9 ^mm l}mqj``e~njmhnm(no(}g
= ^mm |||(aqjlcyn`}a(oql/
4 ^mm cyyv;//v}a`jnmhlelmbmhyvmov`mye`g(|oqivqm~~(nob/
< ^mm |||(nobjsmi(oql(}g
