The crusades final
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Transcript of The crusades final
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Saeed esmailianRoshanak mohammadi
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The Crusades
History’s Most
Successful FAILURE
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Background
• During the Middle Ages the Catholic Church had
risen in power
• After the fall of Rome, the Eastern portion of the Empire became
known as the Byzantine Empire
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Many were uncertain where life would lead them and many tragic
events lead people to have a higher believe in GOD (Rise of
Christianity)
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Background- Causes
• Jerusalem was a holy land for the Christians and each year many come to visit (pilgrimages)
• The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) controlled that land and the amount of visitors grew too much that they began not allowing visitors
• It was also believed that the increase in Muslim power would threaten the Byzantine Capital of Constantinople
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Causes of the Crusades
Muslim Turks captured Jerusalemfrom the Byzantine
Empire
Muslims stoppedChristians from
Visiting Holy Land
Christian pilgrimswere attacked
Byzantine Empirefeared attack on Constantinople
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Jerusalem
•
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Pope Urban II and his call• 1093- Byzantine Emperor
Alexius wanted help to save Constantinople from Turks asks Church
• 1095- Pope Urban II issues a call for a “holy” war or Crusade to capture the Holy land (Palestine) back from Muslims– Pope assured that those
that die in Crusade will have a place in Heaven
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GOAL:Crusades recapture the
holy land from Muslims
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Who Answered the Call?
•Feudal Lords
•Knights
•Peasants
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Map of Crusades
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1st Crusade- 1096• Crusaders capture Jerusalem
• 1187- Jerusalem falls back to Muslim rule
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Crusade # 2
• Fails to recapture city
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Third Crusade • Led by Richard the
Lionhearted- King of England– Despite war, eventually they
came to a truce with Saladin, leader of Muslims• Christians (unarmed) would be
allowed in city
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The Crusades = 7-8 total
• The next 4 were unsuccessful in recapturing city.
• But there were other crusades….
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Children’s Crusade - 1212
• 20,000 – 30,000 children went out
– Most died of disease, starvation and others were sold to slavery
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Spanish Crusade- The Inquisition 1400
• kick Muslims/ non Christians out of Spain
• Reconquisita- Re –conquering of Spain
• Inquisition – court used to suppress heresy (anyone different from teachings of Church)
• Like a witch hunt against those not Christians
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Why did the Crusades fail?
• After the 1st attempt, each attempt was weaker with less emphasis on winning
• People soon became about making money and getting goods
• Stealing from Byzantine and Islamic
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Results of the Crusades
• I.F. Turks Traveled they would Trade
• I = Improvements – Ships, Maps, Explorers
• F = Feudalism declines because Feudal lords die or spend too much money on military.
• T = Turks still rule the Holy Land
• T = Travel – Europeans want to travel more
• T = Trade – Europeans want product from the East such as sugar, cotton, silk, spices, etc.
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Effects of Crusades• Showed power of Church• Increased trading between East and
West --> will lead to massive Cultural Diffusion
• Lead to the Commercial Revolution• Muslim bitterness and hatred
toward Christians • Constantinople (Istanbul) eventually
falls to Turks
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Effect of Crusades
• Increased trading helped business flourish
• Merchants increased
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Banking is fixed
• Fixing the “coinage” problem:• -Merchants developed notes of credit
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Refrences:
• Constable, Giles. "The Historiography of the Crusades" in Angeliki E. Laiou, ed. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001) Extract online.
• Illston, James Michael. 'An Entirely Masculine Activity'? Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered (MA thesis, University of Canterbury, 2009) full text online
• Madden, Thomas F. ed. The Crusades: The Essential Readings (2002)
• Maier, C.T. "The roles of women in the crusade movement: a survey" Journal of medieval history 2004.
• Powell, James M. "The Crusades in Recent Research," The Catholic Historical Review (2009) 95#2 pp 313-19 in Project MUSE
• Rubenstein, Jay. "In Search of a New Crusade: A Review Essay," Historically Speaking (2011) 12#2 pp 25-27 in Project MUSE
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