Made By: Nicholas L. Zach S.

THE CRUCIBLEBY: ARTHUR MILLER

ARTHUR MILLER – THE AUTHOR

• Born in 1915 and passed away in 2005.

• American Playwright and Writer

• In 1953 he wrote The Crucible. This uses the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692 to attack the “witch hunts” of the 1950s.

• After the publication of The Crucible, Miller was investigated for possible connections with the communist party!

• He refused to give information regarding his colleagues and was found guilty of contempt of court. Luckily, his sentence was later overturned.

THE CRUCIBLE CONSISTS OF THESE MAIN KEYS OF HISTORY!

• McCarthyism

• Puritanism

• Witchcraft

MCCARTHYISM

• McCarthyism - a period of intense suspicion in the United States during the early 1950s.

• McCarthyism began when Senator Joseph McCarthy, a U.S. senator from Wisconsin, claimed that communists had invaded the Department of State.

• People accused of being communists were often denied employment in both the public and private sector.

• Arthur Miller, the author of The Crucible, was one of the people “blacklisted.”

PURITANISM

• Puritanism - Christian faith that originated in England during the early 1600s

• They split from the Church of England in 1633

• Many puritans came to America for a better society!

• Their radical beliefs flourished in the new world.

WITCHCRAFT IN SALEM

• Like all Puritans, the residents of Salem believed in witches and in witchcraft ; The hysteria began in early 1692.

• They considered witchcraft both a sin and a crime.

• Reverend Parris’s daughter and Abigail Williams started having fits of anger, screaming, and hallucination.

• A doctor examined the girls and concluded that the only explanation for these bizarre behaviors was witchcraft.

• By the time court was dismissed, 27 people had been convicted, 19 hanged, and 1 pressed to death.

Main Characters:

• She is the niece of Reverend Parris ; Also is orphaned.

• She is extremely jealous of Elizabeth Proctor and uses her power in the town to get rid of Elizabeth, as well others who insulted her in the past.

• Also, is the leader of the girls.

ABIGAIL WILLIAMS

• Husband to Elizabeth.• He had an affair with Abigail

when she was employed in his household.

• He knows that the girls are pretending. However, he cannot tell what he knows without revealing having been alone with Abigail.

• Also, refuses to admit to witchcraft or to consider Abigail is a liar.

• The result = He is hanged.

JOHN PROCTOR

• Wife of John Proctor

• Discovers her husband, John, having an affair with Abigail Williams.

• She is Abigail's main target but is saved from hanging because of her pregnancy.

• Feels responsible for driving her husband to careless acts of judgment.

ELIZABETH PROCTOR

• Servant to the Parris’ household; A native of Barbados.

• She is enlisted by Ruth Putnam and Abigail to cast spells and create charms.

• When tough times call, she confesses to everyone, and saves herself from severe punishment.

TITUBA

• Pastor of the church in Salem.

• The father of Betty and the uncle of Abigail Williams.

• Believes that he is being persecuted and that the townspeople do not respect his position as a man of God.

REVEREND PARRIS

• Feels greatly that the girls are honest.

• Sensitive to presence of the devil, so information is reacted immediately to what is presented.

DEPUTY GOVERNOR DANFORTH

• Betty Parris - Daughter of the Reverend, cousin to Abigail Williams. She is a weak girl who goes along with her cousin as soon as she is threatened.

• Susanna Walcott - She is initially sent between Parris and Dr. Griggs to determine the cause of Betty's ailment.

• Mercy Lewis - Servant to the Putnam household. She is a merciless girl who seems to delight in the girls' activities.

• Mary Warren - Servant to the Proctor household. Abigail uses her to effectively accuse Elizabeth. John Proctor takes Mary to the court to confess that the girls are only pretending.

ALL OF THE GIRLS

DRAMA STRUCTURE IN THE CRUCIBLE• Exposition – When the girls are in the forest dancing with Tituba, they

seemed to be be-witched.

• Conflict – Between the townspeople of Salem and people being accused of witchcraft.

• Rising Action – When the witch hunt escalates, and several women are tried for witchcraft, and hung.

• Climax – The Proctors are accused of witchcraft ; John confesses his adultery to his wife!

• Falling Action – John Proctor holds up his innocence.

• Resolution – John Proctor and Rebecca Nurse are hung. Elizabeth is spared.

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• http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-mccarthyism.htm