The Consultative Group To Assist the Poorest
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Transcript of The Consultative Group To Assist the Poorest
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The Consultative GroupTo Assist the Poorest
‘Microcredit in ECA: Linkages with Community-Driven Development’
Doug Pearce
CGAP
April 10, 2001
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Microcredit – a basic definition
Microcredit refers essentially to methodologies for making very small loans to low-income households
Microcredit can be offered through formal financial institutions or informal financial institutions
Microcredit is only one aspect of Microfinance, which includes a range of financial services.
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What is CGAP?
The Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest was formed in 1995 by the major donors and MFIs to set standards, develop & disseminate technical tools and training, and help build the microfinance industry.
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CGAP: Service Center for MFI Industry
Services
Technical Tools & Services
Strategic & Technical
Advice/Exchange
Training
MFIs - Technical Guides & Software
- TA on Fin. Mgmt. - Local MFI staff training
Member Donors
- MFI Disclosure Guidelines
- In-country Donor Coordination
-Donor Staff Training
Cli
en
ts
MFI Industry
- Web-based services for MIS, Audit, Impact Assessment etc.
- Consult on Regulation & Supervision
- Training Auditors in MF
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Technical Tools & Services
MFIs Series of handbooks and software on topics in financial management On line ‘consumer report’ service on MIS software
Member Donors Appraisal and Monitoring Service Global Donor Portfolio Database Disclosure guidelines for MFI financial statements Tool for measuring poverty levels of MFI clients
MFI Industry On-line MFI Audit services Fund for ratings/appraisals of MFIs
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Strategic and Technical Advice/Exchange
MFIs TA in business planning, financial modeling Strategic advice to banks entering micro-finance
Member Donors CGAP staff -donor relationship managers: support, advice, referrals Stimulating national level donor coordination
MFI Industry Work with rating agencies, regulators, supervisors Study of West Africa legal frameworks for MFIs
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Training and Capacity Building
MFIs 6 capacity building hubs and partners - building local markets of service providers
Member Donors Donor staff training CD rom distance learning courses for field staff
MFI Industry Capacity building and certification of external auditors in
microfinance audit Boulder, Microfinance Training Program
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Microfinance Gateway: a CGAP service to the industry
On-line library of thousands of documents and technical tools
Simple browse by 5 keytopics leading to recommended reading
Simple and easy search by topics, keywords, authors
Industry information hub
Forum to share knowledge and information.
Job Marketplace
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Building Local Markets for Training services in ECA
Microfinance Center, Warsaw
4 CGAP courses available, plus 2 ‘own’ courses
21 courses delivered to date 342 MFI staff trained 33 countries have sent
participants to courses 15 certified trainers Courses translated into
Russian and Bosnian/Serbian/Croatian
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Microcredit in ECA
‘New’ emerging industry Fewer MFIs Higher-end clientele Focus on enterprise
lending Microfinance sector
development varies by country
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Microcredit at the Community-level in ECA
Community-level, but not community-owned or managed:Includes:• Branches of commercial banks and microfinance banks• National or regional Credit Unions• International, national or regional NGOs
Community-owned or community-managed: • Village Banks • Informal Savings and Loans mechanisms• Community NGOs• Community-level Credit Unions• Savings and Credit Associations (SCAs)
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Microcredit at the Community-level in ECA
Formalization of community-owned or managed institutions may be the way forward in ECA
Informal financial institutions limited by legal and capacity issues
Formal financial institutions can offer a wider range of services Credit Unions/Cooperatives offer a formal sector model with
scope for community representation and relevance
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Microcredit at the Community-level in ECA
How can the World Bank and other donors assist informal financial institutions to formalize, without losing community-relevance?
• Key legal role for the Bank to play in the interim period as an informal model formalizes
• Institutional strengthening of a second tier entity.
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Community-level responses in challenging situations for Microcredit
Other interventions may need to precede or accompany microcredit, such as:
• Entitlement payments (grants, termination payments…)
• Training and capacity-building
• Infrastructure investment and maintenance
• Institution-building
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Community-level responses in challenging situations for Microcredit: Examples
Depressed industrial/mining regions:• Skills training and employment reorientation • Termination payments instead of microcredit
Isolated rural areas with low levels of economic activity:• Community-level infrastructure can help open up access to
markets and facilitate economic activity. • Productive/Commercial infrastructure should be financed through
a loan
Where past experience with subsidized credit has accustomed the population to poor repayment behavior:• General response: microcredit done on a sustainable basis, by a
specialized (formal or informal) financial institution
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Conclusions/Points for Discussion
Microcredit has great potential to unleash economic potential, but other interventions may be required first.
Improved linkages between microcredit and CDD needed, including inter-linked programming responses
Scope for informal financial institutions may be more limited in ECA than elsewhere. Therefore:• assist informal financial sector to formalize, and • build-on the existing cooperative/credit union system and
tradition