The Concept of Development Geographic Space and Development.
The Concept of Development
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Transcript of The Concept of Development
The Concept of DevelopmentThe Concept of DevelopmentGeographic Space and Geographic Space and
DevelopmentDevelopment
Space As A FrameworkSpace As A Framework
Geographic Space provides Geographic Space provides framework for field of human action: framework for field of human action: distance and place distinction matterdistance and place distinction matter
Location is critical- location of objects Location is critical- location of objects and perception of objects and their and perception of objects and their location influence behaviorlocation influence behavior
Spatial Structure- ordered relations Spatial Structure- ordered relations between individual spatial forms and between individual spatial forms and the whole of which they are a partthe whole of which they are a part
Puerto Rico Administrative RegionsPuerto Rico Administrative RegionsSystem of Regions with Regional and System of Regions with Regional and
National CapitalNational CapitalElements: Farms, Villages, Cities , NetworksElements: Farms, Villages, Cities , Networks
Spatial Organization ElementsSpatial Organization Elements If we use the idea of change and transformation If we use the idea of change and transformation
of spatial structures- what is involved?of spatial structures- what is involved? 1. 1. Spatial Competition-Spatial Competition- competing land uses in competing land uses in
an evolving urban area or two transport networks an evolving urban area or two transport networks competing for trafficcompeting for traffic
2. 2. Spatial Integration-Spatial Integration- coordination of spatial coordination of spatial activities to achieve harmony –networksactivities to achieve harmony –networks
3. 3. Spatial Diffusion-Spatial Diffusion- how something spreads how something spreads over geographic space; vital mechanism to keep over geographic space; vital mechanism to keep momentum of development alivemomentum of development alive
a. involves innovations- acceptance of new goods a. involves innovations- acceptance of new goods and services by consumers and entrepreneursand services by consumers and entrepreneurs
Spatial Competition: The Silk Road and the Arab Sea Spatial Competition: The Silk Road and the Arab Sea RoutesRoutes
Guangzhou
Xi’anLanzhou
DunhuangTurpan
Hotan
KashgarSamarkand
Merv Bactra
Bukhara
ReyHamadan
Baghdad
Berenike
AlexandriaTyre
AntiochConstantinopleAthens
Rome
Muza
Aden
Kané
Muscat
Sur
Mogadishu
Mombasa
Barbaricon
Barygaza
Muziris
Calcutta
CHINA
INDIA
PERSIA
ARABIA
EUROPE
EGYPT
JAVA
Indian Ocean
Arabian Sea
Sout
h Ch
ina
Sea
Mediterranean Ocean
Black Sea
Caspian Sea
Gobi Desert
Taklimakan Desert
Atlantic Ocean
Paci
fic O
ceanRed Sea
SOMALIA
500 Miles
Malacca
Bay of Bengal
Spatial Integration: Roman Road Network, Spatial Integration: Roman Road Network, 200 AD200 AD
500 km
AtlanticOcean
Red Sea
Black SeaAdriatic Sea
Mediterranean Ocean
Model of Typical Spatial DevelopmentModel of Typical Spatial Development
S I- simple portsS I- simple ports S II- transport S II- transport
penetrationpenetration S III- growth of S III- growth of
interior cities interior cities
S IV- merge of S IV- merge of towns and high towns and high order transportorder transport
A B C
D E F
Ideal Typical Sequence of Network Ideal Typical Sequence of Network DevelopmentDevelopment
Impacts of Integration Processes on Impacts of Integration Processes on Networks and FlowsNetworks and Flows
Netw
ork
Flow
sBefore Integration After Integration
International border
Self Reliance
Regional TradeTrade andTransport
Gateway
Trade andTransport
Region A Region B
InternationalTrade
Product AProduct BProduct CProduct DProduct E
Economic Production and Economic Production and SpecializationSpecialization
Development As Spatial Development As Spatial ReorganizationReorganization
Need new set of Need new set of spatialspatial actions to actions to achieve achieve spatialspatial goals goals
May involve new system of resource May involve new system of resource allocation which implies some allocation which implies some efficiencyefficiency
Certain spatial arrangements may be Certain spatial arrangements may be expected to create a better means to expected to create a better means to achieve national, regional and local achieve national, regional and local goalsgoals
Growth Poles Theory:Growth Poles Theory:Deliberate UrbanizationDeliberate Urbanization
Growth Pole
Key IndustryLinked Industry
Secondary Growth Pole
Secondary IndustryLinked Industry
Transport Corridors and the Transport Corridors and the Regional Spatial StructureRegional Spatial Structure
Specialization andinterdependency
Articulation Point
DistributionOrder
High LowHigh Low
A B C
Growth Pole: Ciudad de GuayanaGrowth Pole: Ciudad de Guayana Why develop city here?Why develop city here? Pulls population into less Pulls population into less
developed areadeveloped area Access to resources (iron Access to resources (iron
ore, oil)ore, oil) Transport- river provides Transport- river provides
access for outlet to access for outlet to Caribbean and beyondCaribbean and beyond
Orinoco’s hydro-Orinoco’s hydro-electricity potential electricity potential powering industry is powering industry is criticalcritical
Special Political Zones: Federal Territory of Special Political Zones: Federal Territory of BrasiliaBrasilia
Brazil – 180 mil but Brazil – 180 mil but coastal concentrations coastal concentrations dominatedominate
Disperse population by Disperse population by creating inland capital creating inland capital territoryterritory
Political functions in Political functions in separate area- others?separate area- others?
Create other services, Create other services, create employment and create employment and residential compoundsresidential compounds
Super Multi-Media Corridor:Super Multi-Media Corridor:Kuala Lumpur-Klang CorridorKuala Lumpur-Klang Corridor
Malaysia’s future Malaysia’s future development- draw development- draw foreign direct foreign direct investmentinvestment
Provide sites for high Provide sites for high tech businesses in tech businesses in Shah Alam EstateShah Alam Estate
Broad band access with Broad band access with virtual universityvirtual university
Access to KL Intl AirportAccess to KL Intl Airport Create employment Create employment
and residential estatesand residential estates Manufacture electronic Manufacture electronic
goods for exportgoods for export