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Transcript of The computer The computer is an automatic, electronic device that accepts data or input, which it...
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The Computer System The computer is an automatic, electronic device that accepts data or input,
which it stores and processes to give output or
information
What are the functions of the computer system?
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Types of Computers
Mainframe Mini Computers Super Computers Micro Computers
Personal Computers Embedded Computers Laptops, notebooks, netbooks Palmtop Computers Tablet PC
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Mainframe Computer
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Mini Computer
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Supercomputer
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Micro Computers
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Functions of a Computer System
INPUTPROCESSIN
GOUTPUT
STORAGE
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The Computer System - Again
INPUT
OUTPUT
MEMORY
CPU
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
(ALU)
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InputThe medium through which data is sent to the computer for processing.
Sources of Input
Data from Human users
Data from MachinesBack to functions
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Input Devices
Keyboard/Keypad Pointing Devices
Mouse Trackball Pointing Stick Touchpad **Joystick Touch Terminal Graphic Tablet Light Pen
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Input
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Input Devices
Scanning DevicesScanner
Flatbed, hand-held, Drum, Sheet-fed
Barcode ReaderScanning Facilities
OCROMRMICR
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Scanners
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Input DevicesDigital Still-Shot CameraDigital Video CameraWebcamSmart CardBiometric SystemsRemote ControlSensors Interactive Whiteboards
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Other Input Devices
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Input Devices
Audio Input Devices Microphone RFID – Radio Frequency Identification MIDI
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Audio Input Devices
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Input Devices
Gaming Input JoystickGaming padGaming WheelLight gunDance PadMotion Sensing controllers
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Gaming Input Devices
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Output Output is the result of processing. It
is the purpose you set out to achieve by using the computer.
Output Devices are pieces of equipment that are used to communicate output/information.
Types of Output Soft copy Hard Copy
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Output Devices
VDU
Printers
Microfilm/Microfiche
Audio Output
Robot/Control Systems
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VDU – Visual Display Unit The Screen is made up of Pixels Types
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Flat Panel Display
LCD (Liquid Cristal Display) Plasma Display
Monitor Characteristics VDU Devices
Monitor Multimedia Projector LCD Panel
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Monitors
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Monitor Characteristics
Monitor Size Display Resolution
VGA (640 X 480) – Video Graphics Array SVGA(800 X 600) – Super Video Graphics Array XGA/XVGA (1024 X 768) – Extended Video
Graphics Array SXGA (1280 X 1024) – Super Extended Graphics
Array UXGA (1600 X 1200) – Ultra Extended Graphics
Array QXGA (2048 X 1536) – Quad Extended Graphics
ArrayBack to Output
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Monitor Characteristics
Image Aspect Ratio Ratio width to height
Refresh Rate Number of refresh times/second
Video or graphics card or adaptor Links processor and monitor
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Sound Output
Speakers Headphones Earphones / ear buds
Voice Response Systems
Speech Synthesis Conversion of text to speech
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Sound Output Devices
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Printers
Producer of Hardcopy output Classification 1:
Character printers Line Printers Page Printers
Classification 2: Impact Printers Non-impact Printers
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Impact Printers
Dot Matrix
Daisy Wheel
Drum, Chain or Band Printer
Braille Printer
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poster
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Non – Impact Printers
Thermal
Laser
Inkjet
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Other Printers
Mobile Printers Multifunctional Printers Plotters
Pen Plotters Inkjet Plotters Electrostatic Plotters
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Microfiche/Microfilm (COM)
COM – Computer Output on Microfilm/Microfiche
Microfilm: Roll of film
Microfiche: Sheet of film
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Robot and Control Systems
Processor to Robotic hardware produces physical action and is therefore a type of output.
Control Systems uses sensors as input and activates an item of hardware as a result of the input received
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Storage
Media and Devices used to keep data and instructions available for immediate or later use.
Categories of Storage Primary (Main Memory) Secondary
Units of Storage
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Primary Storage
Also called main memory Memory chips (integrated circuit) is
immediate access store and resides in the motherboard
RAM Temporary and changeable (volatile) Holds programs and data currently being used
Cache High speed static RAM (SRAM) Easier to access than primary memory Speeds up processing
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Primary Storage
ROM Chips holding instructions needed for
starting up the computer Non volatile (not easily modified)
Variations of ROM PROM EPROM EEPROM
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Units of Storage – see pg 31 Bit (Binary Digit) Byte Character Word Word length
Larger Units Kilobyte Megabyte Gigabyte Terabyte Petabyte Exabyte Zettabyte yottabyte
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Secondary Storage
Also known as auxiliary or backup storage, keeps data and information even while the computer is switched off
Classifications by technology Magnetic Optical ROM
Classification by Access type Serial Access Direct Access
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Storage Media Magnetic Tapes
Magnetic Disks Floppy Disks Hard Disks
Optical Disks CD (ROM; R; RW) DVD Blu-Ray
Flash MemoryBack to Storage
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Storage Media Pgs 32 - 37 Magnetic Tapes
Includes microfilm
Magnetic Disks Floppy Disks Hard Disks
Access time; tracks, sectors, cylinders
Optical Disks CD (ROM; R; RW) DVD Blu-Ray
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Storage Devices
Optical Disk Drive Tape Drive
Connectivity **USB Drive FireWire
`
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True / False
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CPU
VDU
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The CPU Also known as the
processor Takes raw data and
following instructions, converts it to information
Speed is measured in megahertz
Consists of the Control Unit and the Arithmetic Logic Unit
CPU
Control Unit (CU)
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
(ALU)
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Control Unit
Directs and co-ordinates all activities within the CPU Fetches instructions from memory Decodes the instructions Fetches required data Sends data and instructions to ALU
for processing Sends data to main memory after
processing
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
Performs ALL arithmetic and logical functions of the computer
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