The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson- The conduct of life By Ralph Waldo Emerson- Barbara L....

8/7/2019 The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson- The conduct of life By Ralph Waldo Emerson- Barbara L. Packer- Jos

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THE CONDUCT OF LIFE


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Copyrighi l l '~O(~~,bY 'dL!i~P~d~n t and : i F . c i l o w . ~of H~n~irdCo~lt'g~'Nt 'ri~h~"',rn'""":l~;~~'i" - ~I-~"'"'! - -,~ ~ ...""!,.!.Pri.nt:cd :in ttb~ U~itGd StJtl(;$of lun~ric it ,

E r i u e : r . o o n . , 1hd,p! ID'W a ld o ~ ~ 8 0'3 -J 8 8,2 .T h e r.~ n( b;.u :~ ,of r u i f c lhi1ltQr le~d in~jL~'liYll by 1b_rh3,r~,L,'hf;keli~,'o"'e!li ' hoJ , ~I'..... h ~ I ' I ' . . . , t, t> . - .. ' I k ' I ~ 'n!L.._...!I . - . o J 1 . . "!Ii ,.- ~ ~'- ,-,- ~_,.~I'-, ."~,~ --i n ; _ : . ' I i ; _ ~ ~,t.~I~P-'~ , i , _ ' : I j a . ! . . , x ; ; . e : : I r i : ' ~ ,(:[i!i~!Jj, tI1.~, i~, ~ n Y i ,el(,..mb: IliIlIf:'ouu(;UOIl!

and ~pp3Jr.1,tu~i rJ f UtUjg l ]3 i ii i [,[email protected] 'W1.1sQ;R.,P," Icm.~(Th~ (:Q'fl~:~~d'~d~l$ of ~ 'I ;p h '~ ~ ru dQEr :tu;~_m :~'\':.6)I ' ,nc:' iwle~ 11: :dbU.\{J ,gm ph~t~_~rcf,~rnc~.5, aad ' i n . : l e x : ,ISBN' ;Il)-o(i"" '"AI"'IlH 'I j'li'j;;-'I' t : ! 1 o ~ It. itiUfWI'l"):~~~.. ~ ~i~l:~~~:~~ ';I; \~ .. ~'-F'~~'1",C;.ollduCl, , o f U T e _ ' I . . 'Pa(~);;ei f~Barbara l...~j _ ' g g , s - a

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I. Fat-e 1, )JI . 'Wealth, 44

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NotesT7i~h " , " 1 0 1 A ' nin~!I"'W''''li:~'I'I~',.I.i!GaJlliu,o, , ;r!t"'~III,ijl!:,IIli~

Annex C:: ,P;a:rMfe l ~ge;s, M u d , e x . 4~1194~J,5

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Copyrighled materia


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In 1 1 . . . , ; ; 5 , volume, paragraphs 9',(, ;1;1, ' 1 1 U " mbered within each , e ~ s < : l i ' , ! ! ' ,='~'_ UJL_ _ _~,__~_~~"'"Ji - --" '"101'."..... ,---- u_, '" ~'"-_'~ --- --'__.... -, _"',i l l" _ U , _ _,U ~,!I, ""_ C_II).., .. ~ _'(Ea' h - ,. b r - th f' h ,. 'h - ,. -I - , '_ . . 'm ' - ,,'- e : , , ," , 'In 1 -e' ',,' - ,,' r , ', , ', '" , , - '- ' ,- ,- '0 ;'" - , -1 -" - .,,", 1 - '- '," ', , ' ,'::-,,':-' - : ,;I~ I I,'.: I I .'~ 1,'.- I'," '-,-I" ,,'1 I,ll,. -I: '[ _~.~.,"; ,",.'1' ,I , " 1 : I': I" ,l. "1',:1 :', ;', ,,_,_ , ~ ' -_ c _ = _olno p o e ~ ~ _ _ p a _ ra g ,_ a .p _ ~ , ] , 0_ t ~ ~ e fMaY __,W__~(~_~tJi a ,part,

" -,," ','-','~ ,-,ii ' the mott ,',"- ,'--,' ~'irr] 1 : i , ' 's n' , " , 1 1 ich ",-",-",--,-,-,.. "",: ~""',', '< , - ,- ,- 'except me motto poem iuusions, wmc L comprises u\iO para-~ = =trr-~p"':'h-I'~-): I ' , i " N ; the introdu ctio t;!I;c;, notes and I : . . . " . . . . nexes annotadonsn' ,~,';' d,~ -.I.il IU l - ," ,U' "-', 1- " " " '' lo l , - ' J!,I!~~ ,!I." _1Ij.,,",,~ 'Poli,._ ~,il


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InNovembe r '18'2' th - ''U nung :c:' R a ' lp - " ' b 'W a J d o Eme r son 6n-:d s ev -I I., .__ .e , ._... .- . 1 4 ' e 1. '!I..IP". . ]'. __ ." . __ . I I . I __ _ , , _ .. I' ., [ II _e-.I .. .enteen pages of his manuscript journal wilth. a wander ing ' essay' I " . .' " d ,: : . d " ~ ' M "r, i .:ll,i ~ c'_e n . . . .1LU1uf I , e -.'. d rr- .. 1 1 " [ . 'I' Jr L!.".. ' 1 ' "'Ii'essalf ' tt, a'l~e ,- . On" '1 11 1:0 a, Jjlst Oi. - tO PIC S, .. lior . I .i j, turc s p eC tL 9 ;b .o :n ,., " ,{ pro-'POSe' eo 'w!, r . i te 'p res en dy on 'the us e o f our POlVC:[",s, &; passions, on'_' ~. '_ .absdn ence " 0 , ' - , , , : a....tio :ti'ri ,0. ' nil h ~'r:"""'. '11':~'~~,j)I.,. men ofaffalrs." '} '1"-' dec la re ',d '" UII i 'dil:J~ILJ_, '-r.1.,IJ~. a: ,,"-"_; I II;~. , ,,1 ~l .Lli!ldlj!I:'_~ 0;: ]I l \,I, ",lll~_.l1 "J ,e _J~~I,"_ I ~ _ Ii ,I,p ropo s e to lo ok p :,hU Q sonb i.caU y 'ar the conduct of ~ i fe~ (} ,'.~ II,

, J 1 m : _ _294)'~ T hin:king ' about the next , e , . s . ~ a f o r poe'lu ,always has a - pc c.'! ll-' I + ' 'b :, .. " ' d ~ h 1,.."' f,tar' cnarm ,ior wnters rmred [.0. tne unnappmess 0: present com-position. Emerson's Ust.~'1 '3S nevertheless prophetie His matureI, .._. I _' ,II." I .1.,. .,. .. _ . ~ .. _,.. . _~ [, .._. ,II . ." .. ill ~, - - . . . ~I

i' i i, d-' ,i f - - : '1 1 b d 'i, 1~s: bwrmngs contain ac rvice O~ au ,sort" atxnrt con~uctul_g ue a;c outpaying debts, casting 'Out fears, choosmg professicos, avo iding'en-raaglemenrs airingtrifts, Though 'he complained in "The Tran .. ~- , ' . _:,", = ' "11 b'!!' , ..".: l :I I r " _ ' " . . . . " ' . : . ' . , : ' , . . . . " ' . '- . ,[ , " . . , ' " " " , ,.',.''.'dentali t - ' - ' ; ; ' ( . - ' 8 - , ) . ' ' i t l i n . . t i;i!\jj.h'I,: 'hilil'"'' I - " i ~ ' - " of t \h - ' ' ;- ': ' . ', ., " d " "I standi '.seen .. enta lSI .1 ..., 4 . 1 . .. .ma .., tne ",nO nves, 0, ae um rerstaru ~ln,gand of the SO ' l l ' } " which we lead, reallv show very little re d adon. to

L! I r!each otJu~:r!~I ( ~ I.~2 1:3) , - ,he never stopped trying' to irradiate thew o r l d of e x p e , r i e n , ' c - . e m: tb the nght of higher 'laYlS;, And though hed ~ d " 'I 1 1 . . . , , . . f f ili -i be'plOFe., 'tIle aosence (JI any ,a'~pe~a;ranccO~ reconcuiauon oe-

I 1 '_ I . . ' ~ ' "tw'een the theorv 8:practice of life'" (,";INN IX 6~'):, 'he' still hoped. " _ " _ ' . _ ' _ ' _ , . _ . _ - . ~ . _ .- ~ I " . . _ . ., - '~ " _ , _ , _ "_ - . ' _ '" " _ . . .J"~' ,"1 I , ' _1~,~1.1 , ... ,._. I I t'. 'to find, some ' w , a y of .referri:ng fbe :p~\'r[icular ' 1 : . - 0 the general 'Withoutscan ' ~ : ' ; ' t . f I " g ' . . ' t h 1;I'.i, claims '0 .' - - . i F "e, l " + " b j l ! i ' f 'i.:n..r.H._ .U _~ .1 . " . I.~ ~~I.o_ .L ~ _~ ,I . _ 1l._111"- ' , . !1I. "

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Histor ica l In;tmti'l:ldirm;Both the 1.84], Essa,:s' and the 1844~Eisa , s , $eoond'Series a[tetnatebetween loftifle',ss and hard, ..headed realism, Shrewd aphorisms

are used to anchor ' the S031,in,g'am rmations of " Se lf-R e lia nce ~ or"Character" or else are strung: together to form essa~ts,Iike "Pru-_:.' :__ 1d ~T'iIC-"P'~ ; t ' l ; '1IF- i i l l : G ; " i j I , i i , i I F t t' 'I i! ! tl! In tbese e Ii :! , C ! ' ")fv i i . : ! Emerson , ! t ' : - P , - " " i ' : : ik s a b nu t the CtLi'I-}". L'III' ~ ~,I --,ILt' -_Ci [I,I.L . r, ~~"'-l - ~' iflll ,....1 1 1 ' I .! ' - J i ~ " 1 ~~: .. ~"._ .~ " - U:" :"' 1l i .11. , - 0~I ,,1eral human condltion, not about.particular societies, But the ' 'fencent public a'I~iIOi\]ioof l e . . . . tures : } : ' I e . wrote 'b e e tween 1 8 4 3 , ' , a n d 11 ,8 7 " _ - _ -1t:llli"l ," U.L JJIL ....._I~~L"~J v~~L'~._~!\i r . . _ " - ' j _ . l~ __ ~J _ _ _ _._ ~,,~~ _.~~. ~ ~ .. , .- _ _ .. _ L~ _ .. ~~ '", -_ "shows that Em erson was beginn lng' to tum in a, new direction as{ ~ : a r l y as Jan,U 'ary 1 8 4 . . 3 " , when, he began tt l lecture series ab out hisO,Yll. region and. era, The series '\Va..~called '~'iNewEngland"; it con-rained lectures en.t~t]ed, "The Genius and. National Character of-'L A ' , ' - --'II ' S - " - - - - ~n....-- !I!t , Y , ~ T ' h 'T'l- d ~ ' [ " 'N " ' " - - - ' E : " i - - - - 1 - --.A !tjo ' ~ i i N '- - ' E " " -[ue " :'Dg,I,O-'. axo.n ,f\1t!Cle, .', e' ,.f:'"a.e 0 ~l'.ew -l1ganu" .."..1 f!:W...n.g:..Iand: Genius. :Mann.ers~and Customs," and, "New l~n. ,g]and::Re-cent Llterarv a1l ! i ;d.. S p iritual In ' f l ' - ' uences ." A,-~'fi''-t'~1ectu re entitled~!\r'tIIil, 1 I j . . I _ ~ II.~ ~Ibn1 J " ~IHlb .. ' _. & .. I .... ~~l . H. J J'.l ."rl '. l~~~" .. '.. IL,~\'.1 .111 ... ~ ~.... ~~I .. &1~,!I!t_,'~-. I . _'"Pol i.dca~and Social Causes NOIw ' ,Acdvef t" no longer survives as :3 ,complete lee (~ure,.*HIs 1847'-~4S.trip 1 .0 Eng]and, and France :p~vided him m:th. n . e . w o:p-port,U'(1itic 's , to ~i'm,ess natinnal trait~" andprovided material for net ....lectures: ~ng;laud.'~ in . :18'4,8,;"London ,~,: in 1:8 i'9 "~ "Th e Aug,- In-Au] en tan~in 18~.2,',and "Fran :"e""r 'U rban ..--~ ..'I''-'-_ - , j - ~ ~, . , , - , " . . '. - ~ , " . ~ , it: ..., , H, , . ~J .~' ,. ," . I, C: . ' ; 1 ' o. .. .,:h f" :in 185 4 ..'The lect-ure: ~England.~proved to 'b e o ne of the mo s tpopuliI' Emerson ever gave; itwa s the starting' point for' the book.E :nglish 1T td 'I:S~published in i8.56.T h e secon .d lee ture ; : 1 0 , the N - ew Enala ' 1 1 ' ( ' - 1 , ' series ' ! ~ T . 'he 9 i " ' r a , _ . d i e ; 0 ' . .f, _ - _. - .. \.0 y ,L. ~_., , ,a,::.,ua.. _H _.;.11 ,.~t . ,iii. J I J . " ' ! i..;, NC\ ~ Eng la no jl" reveals one source of Emerson's new' intere,s;t innational traits Toward the beeinn ' l " " tilCt of rhe lecture he ' q I TU - ' i I l " - C ; ' I I ' ' ' , ~ , ~ ,.!J.~ "_~"L~L __'- 1 !! I~_iQ _.L~ 'J .. ~ , .. .., ... _1 _I __ "-.1 II 'O,lJIUI,_ ,=1. i I : J y Il"11; l'-"tL .Jlb ,I ~ . ~-v~,~[~A l - - # : ! ! ' V ' : i ' ~ d,p, ' 'T ' : ' . . . . . . . . . . .,q : lu~:r: ' - I '~#=!!,on 'f;be subiect of Am erica n d . - ' l # ; l o c p " ; r r ; ; ' 1 1 " 1 1 1 " ,.: l l " " ,, ' I f1 II, i " " ' I" . ', ~A_la c ,L I:U'L.. . _' .. ....1'! ' II. I J , , - , " 1 I L I f " " , ~ _ ' " ~ , . .lI'ILI] - I.. J~ . ~ -,'., L_:U,11"-.... 11~!L_I, " ",' , l . . . r !l ': J , I : ' . .v..iJ LI,~_I.,.......,IL~,~ l'~~A , c.loud always h ang s '{ rver a n Am e rican 's brQw'~- -o rJ as Emersonpu tSI it: "The w llJol;1 '1 iAmeric .an I,";IJ::'~, s lt on the . . - ~ l l '- " ' , ~ O . c " I ' I I . ' ! , ben " ' C : ~ 1 1 : : - , ( ; , ~__.. __ ~__ = .= ~ = __ =....= __ L~ __ pC"" _, .. V,ii, _ ~ , e ~."a_li, .UOJ _~.,. ~~,ed(l4 It 2,1)~,La t e r in the' lecture be' 'quotes an e xte nde d :p as sa ~g e'fromTocqueville about the reasons '\~hyAmericans have achieveddominance oer the shlpping' trade, ,Anotbc'f' brief quotation,

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Hisunical Intreduaio1 J .88-819). The que8t for historical "evidences" to p ro ve 'th e ' trutho f Ch r is ti an Ity 'w in always end in . failure, "Let 1 l 1 8 , : 1 : 1 3 v e 'nothing now~iI;l't.ich illi:" Fl10-" : I - ~ ' . " ' " 0 ' " 'l:il.n'Ii i I i I i ~ ; r : ; d ' -encD'~jl ,(:U : " 'I I8 ' 1 I i ~ 1 : ) ' - ' ] n - ' " '''lI1 p~,....Ci!!~:lig- ,"'" ''!'t.,,'!'iI,'t,,~,~~ __:~~,_:, ,ag ,~_~,::__:,,~,~,U). :_.",~.l"~ [~,Ii:.I;~;_,~I.;,~: .~'~-.:'~' '., :"~~,::~ ~ ._ '= ,~ ,:,':'-~ ~~ : .."..~ 111.~,~~wou ld later b eco m e - 'p ar-t, o f the ~orSbi.:p'"' chapter of : T N l , Q , : I 1 F 'fJU'(;t o f ' Lift~ E m ers on ske tched, th e outlines o f a "new Churchfounded o n . 0101.'31 O C l e ' l 1 10e~whe r e (he worshipper ' \v, iU.be content'to r - c ' l y upon the " good L aw s " that . "animate him 'with the' con-;~r~'OIU.sness of zre at ' ( : 1 , - utv anid.-,an endle ' i I 1 ! C 1 : horlzon" ~.L': I: ' I , 1, 8 ' - ,g"~..~~_l !ilII.I' .. ~ .. ~ I~"'" .. ~IJ ._ .... 0_ .. ~.l._.,~. ~~ L~~~ _!ll ~lL~_j \'i_~Ii!' ~t ' : _ J , l ~Thom a s C arlY le dl is111~issedEmerson's L ondon lectures as m ere '," I dvi 'H' (: T ; L . . . , C . . . ~ u' . . . . d : '1... ....,["'T~' d ) ' 1,'1""""'' ' ' '1'psanno -Yln,g '. .;.",'~' ' :, .OrKi 'c te_ utter :s D} ~.~ .w ,mas a;n ~ _",(lne 'fw~,lICan,k~ed. Richard Sanders et, al, [Durham, : N . , C . , :: , 'Duke Univer-sity Pres s , 1 9 "7 '0 --] :~,:2 3 : " 7 5 " '~ Emerson rem a ined co nvinced that. alaid;! as transparent as scientific law was both possible and, neces-,suy" , Some time after he returned to Concord in. ju ly 1 .8 4.8 bemade an. index. o f journa l p a s s age ,s fo r us -c in a future project , At

- ' 1 1 - } - - ' ad s : . .:j L Iiq+ 1 - - . f. ~ - th C-,, d ' r t o f ' - " - = ( '"I: ,f.I' '(' r ;_ " ' ' ' ' - ' ' r = x - -tne near OJ~me _L~ ' t~ ne 'ffo~~e~_n. tne ' .onnuet e d.ll:eJ'Jr:_I_J;"'i'~ '",.2'9(}--2 9 - 1 ) 1 , . , * :The United States , to Wh , I I C h . Emerson had returned In 1 848 w asa nation ar once expandmg in sise and fission ~ng'politlcallyalengsection.al li:ne 5~ 1 n. th e " I:rca rty o f I G , u l a . d a 1 u p e Hid iUg 'O, ~ign:ed inFebruary '1848, Mell!dco ceded its northerrtmost provinces, to theUnited States ..The: Me~xica.llconstitution, did not permit s]avc:ry.,SboUld Amerkan s l : 3 lY 'eowners be allowed to take their s laves into,~.'b- -,- .:, _-],,,_,_, /I'f!- d t - , rit -;ri-s)' Ever b -f(n~-, '- 'h - , ' :M'~x."'c'0 'W > rm es e n,ew ~ y a c-quIJe I te rr ito r ~,eu ren ~e .~'= e L~e , ' c , e i n c a l _ _ , . ! . , _ a rended, debates about whether to allow slaver Y ' Inlands that Inlg'htbe acquired from M,c;;x]cohad paralyzed (~o:ngn~!rSs,.Souther ners,__' I' , I ' : ' . . . . . N " " , : " - " h - . . -I .- W' . 'W' .. '. ed b .', '1" ' r h . ' - " n . section ....1 1a s w e J, , a s , " _o r t . ' lerners_ : , e r e ' ' . _o rrle :._ a _ .OU.I . c - , e :g:rOl~ I l _ _ gS'CCb.o,,,. '4IJ.hitterness, ,A V/I, l l : ignews 'pape.r editor in 'Georgi at asked: "Can a,....non it - i Ii !I,i :' i ' fi" be il'-m.'r]i.(i' + ftAd m "O"'f 'A CffllghtfuI~and fuI ri'0':l 'I , , ,, ,. .han tha ~ ' W ' " ' 1 1 . . tch' 1 I , ; ; . . ' ' ! I ; , i I ! , I i , i L, I; i; i,~'1l , ~ "" ,Ii.. ~ ~ ~ h , I : ! I C ._ _ _ ._ ) _ . ~ ,, ILL, .1 1 _ '- ' " .. . i I , ' "lou. .' . .__.... " I . . . :11 i)< U ,l iL . a ! , . -_ . < : ' & ' 1 . . . _,l!l,.1 ".t hb , 'very :acquisi t ion of ,Me,atan 'terri tnr 'y ' 'willexcite between the'

.n l J~ 'l is l. ;a) ,p:pears ,on: p . [31 ofJourl1ilil LM tpi:rN; X,!'~f)~ l}" Emerson beg~Hl.~:L - _1 ~ ' r . : " , . , ; ; ; ; , II d II ~ iO ' 8 d . d 'I\, ".," ,;r.~ulat:j()Unnu in ,idiiJ,g.l3fl ~. , e a r 1 l - Y ' rn 1'~4 ' am..~.c-onh[UI:,. to ~n3.e entnes ill 1'1,arrer' i I . . . . 'i h A' ,- _. 'd '- ' . lif'"..... - " d - , ' , ~ \ - , d ' ' - . - . 'L ' d - " ' - ' - . - f ' J . I ' l ' . i . F " - l " -L--'~'r~'-' "~,,-,--~,-,-,-.--ne ,..au returne ' ~o !L.!OnGo.r ,n.l.icor: --Ifl,g to tne ,e,~ton;,0, --_: ;II ' f ,1 l :V~ tne usr rs 'WnUenin i:nk.o~erf'erased pencil ,Di;areri-3'~and eontalas references 10 p 3 s : s a g e s . Sat1!e:redth ._roug 'houtJournal .U f a s we ' l l a Ie-w f rom m e ear l ier - p3,les of the next : regu'~.Ml ' "O\ - l fna ' l -R S ~~ IO ,inOc t obe r ' 1 8 4 ' . '8 , ~see lj\HV xr. 6 ( } . :~o,:~:1\.,'~ .. ~ ,. -'J ..!, LU"II,.;~,!.iI!, ~-~ - - -.- - . - ~. ..' ~. _ .J L _ J' ~ - ~ ~~H - - !- -,-

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H is tor ica l In,htJa'uitlittt:the wrote~H is -own o b li(Jra tio ns blY elsewhere, "The who l e action o f10 , ,~the scholar i s . mediate & to remote ends, and votin,g is nut forh i r :' ; I ! I i (.JJi,'_Ai,~r.J'.".-v'''1 ' 7 - ~ ' ) - ' 1 f t : n . - - [ , - ' n - . .[-::LI--' ~ 1 0 , . - . ' ~ S 'w e r e : ~ o , . - ; . u :n t e d ' z , - C . - a c h a r v T a . ' u , , ' I , o ' - , " ' r - - ',__1m, ',J,~f:l!J"i,. ~_, ." .. 'lI'U,e" IlJIICv -",,,,,. __"'", '_ c -_.' - ! l . _ " , "IIl;",,h,P_, I JL _ '/ ' , ,was elected Presiden t '\;1:th.. l6g, ,electoral 'votes to the ' DemocratL ew i s Cass' S 1 . : 2 7~'Van Buren -failed to win a . single electoral vote,r b ~'U" " g " ' , h h- :iJi T " " ' l I ' D ' ahead of.C'~SiS : h~ "N -a~" 'Vorl


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,His lonca l lnb:oducl i ( } f l ,r ights , of slaveewners ( ~ D a ' , v i d .Potter, T h e ' I m p e n d i n g CriSis, . l848~1'861 f N ' ~ ~ " 'V o r ' l k : , , ' 1 ; 9 : - - ; 7 6 ] ' ' p - ~ p " " . 18'1i t !- 018 ' _ : : , - ) :' S u d d e n l v h e seemt e d e a g - / e - " r '__= L- -~",,,, ,I...-=~" [--:---:__:~.-,_,I ..I:~ L ~_ ., .. ~ . _ - ._ ....L., I I " , . 1 i " J . ! ' \. . ' . . I .. 1 .. _ . '._,-_''to do everything' he could to make the richest ter,ri,tory won, fromMex-i ,co into a free s tate , 'Tay~ors aw nothing , jncons i s ten t in his p~s id on ..H :e :'wou l d defend slaverv 7h~ r :-~'"'~rit , ' . '-'\,:'->: al "-ad--':',-',-- ---,.'t t e ~ ed"_ _ __ '_ __ '-, ,~ __'" y W ....' - e v \ . o I, was , u r e " , per.m _h. , "bv Ia, w '- - : b 'U ' I't' 1JlII~ reearded I ' ' i " ~d ' , ' ',.a!i'~~'IiI~ ' b ' - , ' - n - c " ~ , r _ ~ , , o . ~ ,1 ' : - 1 1 " 0 [1 ; Id,::~J,!I ; ' r-~en ' f r ' '] : !; { 1 " h , tr - H~'',~'J : a : _ , , ~ " - Ji . iL~'" II; ')RIi,u,,"". - .Il.~ - bil,oil !I.~,I... I.-U , "I,~rll!. ifI._ U.I;.\;i; ,e,. I l,. ,_I,b;ih,I l ;" ~,~eW'35, unwi]Ung' to see lands 'won in battle descend inte lawlessnessb eca us e C o :ng re ss , re fus ed to provide territnrial governments fo rthem ..,And 'be worried that the bitterness 0.(' t h e e ' debate over theextension of slavery was threatening th e health o f tbe whole na -tion, ' If ' (Ja):ifornla could be admitted 1 ,0 th e Union without foro-img the Congress to take 'a,formal posi tinn o:n. the issue of ex-tens!;- n tem"e----' miaht have ..m:.~:..~': ':',,-,, ~ ' ' ' I " : . ' ' . I ' I " : - - : ~ ~ ' " 1 ," . - : ' , , '1 . ' : "1 _' ~ . " ' , > . . . : " / " ' . , : ' ' 1 1 ." . . . :1 _too s~ U1Sb'Um.ents,. ..00 ~ an ,..'am.e... nouses, '"'1t , l ern ~Such a.w ell-appo lnted C olon ..~-as,n,e,:(! ;rw~asolanred be'for~'~,-- = .. W _":,,_'.. . y .. , ..v .." ,~ ..--'".. .., t! ithev arrive '\qidl the speed of sail. and steam on. these re-I _m ~fi~ s h "i",~~~ - c a r r v i n g . ' ~ 1 < " " ' : ' ~ ' ~ th : : ; 'm : ; , a i :11 ~ 1 : r &:!;;tj,Q t' '0 , . ,. ,. 1 ' '' '"- - - , ,' :' - :-nd I 0 , .. ~..:::l"U'U:> .:'I _ !ILlJ: ~';:'J' . d,J!, I'''; " '" '_ '''f .I,U]!. ' I ; ; ~,e, ~,t ..lh.:;~. U i 1 I i ' . ' ~ , . ~lu._ . ,iI.~'\:;weapon more, name'if, that levery (;010 nist has tal,en hls de-grees in the' caucus, town meeting - and countrv convention." . " " _' . . -,.~u,- _.-I . ~._ .. ,' - " _' .. - ~ , ,'.. J . ,I I - ~ - - [1 _ . , , " . - .. ~ [ ~at home; ,$0 that be knows the 'whole theo,r.,f ' and practice of

iili'i'

C op y" 'gh te d m a te r] a


14/49

Historic(l'l. lntroducti 'on,lor's Olm 'Y ih lg :pa rty ' d,ese:rted him, Senator :H'cllry Clay of Ken-

Tl~ 'L h d I .,iL '8 ~''8 - ' ,.d 1 ~ ,. T : '~t llC : I\ .} j" 'W uO nan .ost tne ~,'" ' , 4 , - ~ presid "en t i:a , nommanon to : a y _ , o t "hoped i t' [O ' l ie ' , g ' J , a ; I ' t I } j l - .I;~~ role :gl'~ p ; g , ' f t y : - . " , leader ' b ~ , ' y " " craftin . g . ' " ~ s e rie s o f. !\;,Ii .ti. _ I, .. 'lI ._I _~,I I ,lllllilliJ ~! II . Hill A ,. r I~ . . _. ~ _ I.__I. . Q~_ II ..... - : r . J. .-~ l..~~ "_",e om ,p mm :is e m e as ure s thar would ma t , , , smoo t h the vmy' fo r CaU..,fom ia 's ad m is s ion 'b v grantin ,g"Southern demands on a:nu rnb er=- .. !.1 L !~_._.M ~ QJ ... I..~,_'..!U~-~lY'_L' -~'J :.:......~_jg. l.'. _~_ ~."'. _ y__U'~_ j__ L!'~_. _. ~. __ . _. __ L!'~ __ _ _ __ ~ _L L. _

'O f I,on.gsmndln.:ggrievances. One of the measures C~ayproposedY r .J , S a strengthened version, of an old 1 : a ; , w ' p :r ov .i.d in g'fo r r he r etu rno. f ' fu,P ' ; u' ~\ !Tn. ~iI!!l' ' 'JII~~'R'Ii: '.. . -, . r).~' _.J ~ ~ ~'H'"'_!111~Daniel Webster~,Senator from Massachusetts and the acknowl-edged, leader 0 : the 'Northern V/l l ig.s~might have been, expectedto support his,President's proposal whe:n he rose to speak in the~ "" "" ~ " i'; ,[ I" 'A 0 " , n i i ' o ,p .' " " A l " i ) I , 'F c ' : h ' ' ~ 8 ' ,I'" 0 : _ part ici ~ I ~ ~ ' r : - l ' i ' "' ~ , 1 ' : i "Iio,of"A ,,(u~'b'': (!'~~iI'" h a d . ~ 1 IW ' " " " ~i:JC.II,...P.I....~ :"._", I' li.,J;.:P-I;,:..,,~ ,lI.. -.01 _ ~' ,;~ IU_'UlJ(I. . - '1 .i3 U,'Il".~~V"", ;:;!Il'!.~~. "I",~ - '~U" Po,l' ' ' ' ' 'op':posed the extension of ~"~;a',\',eryi': B ; u , l : be had already made a se-cret agreement lvim C l a y ; ; , and. bis three-hour speech in praise 'O fthe C .nnsb- '~' t ' : I1 '~~on' ,a n d the Uni ( 1 I , n ' , W , , ~ ', o ; )l f" ~ . ' t " 1 1 " 1 : 1 1 :lIIfl' n ,h - '1 .0 , " .'[ ' e l o o u e n r eva-,][,"-.r ~!Ik.!'l r!i""_,)!I..:IYV.,] .. J,., ,:I~l .. _,111.!I!.:-!l I !PI!.1I" ~_...[.~~I,lll_II'!'II.1 lr \.~'~I~:~'!Ii-I' ... l I ' \ .- } I "If OJsiveness, A1 - ' t h '0' i - g ' h 1 , i L - 1 ~ 1 i - - - ' 7 " " ' A ' - r ' " ~,arfi'Ad': that Cailifornia should be a d'01,~ V 'l l. :; . ,.L~~ ., .. ... U" , Y'h.:> ~'b"-' '""0- 'L.II i.:;;.' , ~ ,r;I.(, _. il.[I." .J.8 i . 1 I \ ,'!U' UlI,. . '1 0 : > . . ,mltted , 3 1 8 a free state he ch,as t i sed Northernera :fol,rtheir sanctl-. ' U "" ki 'I ' ,. h 1 1 H ' d .:iL.moruous. r > nUJn.":W([CC/lllg '01oses s ren wit,~[' S \ L a v e r y ~ , L 'le ar,gu;e_~ I~Hlattrrin~ to lezisiate s 'b l" ' te :~ 'out of territeries acoulred f rom Mex- ieo ,~ Q[ b'" ..l "'1was au exercise in feolishness, since Cod's hu\' had already de-creed that N,ew Mex ico ' \VaS, 'to o a rid and C alifo rnia to o m o untam -ous to make slavery profitable in either terrirorw Wend,eU :P :bU..: U P S j in . a mocking t~view' of the 5.peCCO~ alle,g-ed that 'Websterh a d I d e s c r : l ~ ' b " 0 9 . d ~ ;th ~ e o n f 1 I ~ j f i ' " b~.e,t : " ' i I ; ~ . r ; > ; ~ n - ~ 'N . " ; ' 0 , =rth and Sou th i . t . :~ '; : t - h . - such,16, ......,07 .... " '!b' I... ,!!i.,;, L.. il~,:I.'!i..L, i.. Ll"~":", . , .... 0 ..11,1, .... ." W1.. ,,' . i , ,j 't!ldiiciaJ coldness, such 'wary and decoreus Im partial i ty be tween'Ulbert)tand. Despotism, between Right and ' \VroEl,g,~ that it wouldPuzz le a jury of Philadelpha ]3 !WWers to tell, had N';3Juul:' gt.::':~'-enI; ,.".,.'., . ,,-..,, Ii .'. "., ",.,'. - '.,' .. , ,. "./ '.. . , ~ -' " ,i.", ,. -' _ "t: :.'.:., v _ . ,him a heart, 'to whiC 'h side' it '\vou.~dhave leaned." The most elo-quent man in the' Republic d,ared not make, his own. meaningcle a r, "D a nie l 'W eb s t:e r h as spo:k{~nthree houts, on. s lave 'ry~,and 'D 0,mortal man. can r , e n w ne [ t ! ' h~F he'.love ~ [ 0 . ' ' : r l ' . ' h a t e s i , t , ' i ' ! t . ("'~~'';'_'li :'j" 'T,,'l-,'t. .=__V. ~_ [ 1 . . . = "J:~., =_'1;.0'_ =_ . __ .," '. ,,~,L ... .Ii . r.u:lJiKiiu.!' oJ rJe ' -V--, s t e : T ' S Spelteh a n Silli ltery [Boston: A m , e : r . i , l c : a n ,A(nd) '.S( la ve ry ) '.Society18~50]~' P ' , . 7).,,A l th o ug b 'W - e:b s ;te rh a d avoided takjng a posuion on the mo ra l -ity' of slavery :i , ' tse 'lf~h e made itclear that he bel ieved that the q u e s , . .tion o.f f i~gi ' l i 'v t slaves had been settled lon.g' ago ' b y ' Article [\f~See-d - - a of t' h j l T j T , it t d ' S tares C on , j j ; ~ t ' , t-~.....~ i l i N " ' " Pe rs - -- h sld ton' : ~ o n . , .; ; , ' ": . : . ~ ' " ne ' ! U ' n ~ , ' . e : _ _ _ , C '""', e s " ~ : . _ _ n ; s , , , , ] ,uuon: ".0 ' ,. '~e r s o n . :,;,C',,[~. to

. 'XXV]

Cop yr "gh te d m a 1 . e r i a


15/49

H i s t J o r i ' c a l ' l n t ' r O d u , c l i J o nService 0,["Labmzr 'in Olle Stare, under the Laws thereof escapingin to a no tM .e r~ s h aU ; in Consequence o f any L aw or Regu la t ionI .. 'L . . . .. . d O l 1 1 d : ] S ~ L a 1 ! . . . b h itI -t: rerem ~ee ,~u;;c,llargen ,I~ro:msue1Servioe or ,' abour. tnrt sna I t ' be 'd,e live red up on C la im o f th e ' P:arty to who~m8l1C:h Service or La-b-n-U.I 'I j " W ' ,gi).W ' ' i F " , , : , ' f i l ' U ' e-',' ! ! : I ' W,


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heir RlW audience. ] hurrv now to mv w O I : r ' k . admonished that Ihave,,."' _!' ..._'".l. " I l 1..: 1 ' o f " I l.. ." . ~ 1_, __ ,. ~ _ u. _' f i : ~ , " , 'dI__:-:-_~-- -, I ' - - f t ' " jIji '('IJfN. X I ~ ~ .8 ) - "cl l{;;WcaY5 _ e ' - - - " " J ' - - - " - ~ ' - ~ - ' --'i; ; ' ; : " D ~ , "'M,eanwJl'il,e in W ashingt'~ton the new President , 'Ne'w York'! 's, ~ __ _. '_ _ _'" , , "_' ... " _, "'- . . ,. ., ll. _ 1== ._. _ '-= __ ~I.""'! , I !"" '!! _ _ _ _ I!!""! _ _- M ' = " 'U " d' F - ' "'l'~- - - - l,., - - ' D - - - ' . - 1 "1 ' - bst -- C'. h ' ~ ' , (,"I",~, "- " - i , . " - "I " ' r ' S " ; ' 't - ,, : :.iua rn ,';iumore, cnose ''anu~, vu;: _s~:erM, ., IS ~(re'Ldry 0: :,,11 >eand ! l ' / : g , ; i t "i ,. . . . led ' L . ; ' 1 ' : ~ t ! ' , ' t~~; l l ' I~ ln.g ''0 " ; l! !i ;C iI1! , ~ .. ,. ' ' 011 , . ( cept to , h ,p\ 'k'~nd-of c om 'p o rom " I - " ~ A ~ 'Q:U! ',. ,;]\l:.,~,ru",~_ ,I(;L~"".IiI_.IL, ,_, ,_""~ ~,v~I _ ) 1 1 ; " . . . . " ,L" ,!l", v,, L ,."".VI ",.:A...~that Tay~o,:rhad s tubborn ly re ] ected, As th e sw e].te rlng ' s um m er o f1.850' dragged on" ,Congress, passed a series of measures knowncollectivelv as the Comp remise of II,s1~O A peaceful settlement- _,- - -- --I . - -' _ ' .. _ - - ' . I - _ _ . , , _ ,J it. '_ l 1_' .~ ~- - _ ~~ ~~~- ..___.--was Iound . for a,boundary d.ispu,te between Texas ,and,New :Mex~

" i " , \ ' , " , .'iI....(."t, h ' a d , ~ ~ : - " . " " 'd ' ' : t " " " , - " at ' ~ i ' ' ~ ' ' " c- '- , C ~ : ,}~:"t'c '-I C''" '- 'C_~" ad'--;in edleo u , ~ a , ! ; ,,I, ,a' _' ! ! , .I ll r e a " e n e . . . , ' b O l ernp 1.n",O\\''If . 3auO[lUa was , a ,~m,l..e...to - the Union, as at .:free sta:(,e',.The slave market in the District of C o -lum ,bi ;t ) l,'~dS abo lish ed. A nd a f:ug itive ' s lave act long desired by theS , ' : ' - , ' . ( ;- 'I f '" ,- ,'." , ','- :~ .-',;,- - d M - . . , - " , - - : '- N - ' - r I--'t.. -,~--, ] 0 , , - - ,1 ' - , = - ' , - - , taT,~~",.~,:l ' 'D'nUin:; '.'i~.~ou.tu 'WaS , ,passe ~ , _ , a D y ,',.ortuern ,~ cp res en auve s, U , ' t _ " ,g e...:L. .. b Ad ,i '... t"; 'I 'h j [ ' "mer to nntagoD l'l le m e , 'C.mtnlst.ra,'tlon or to' tace rne w ram (ll:-~ " ' ~ , , . , 1 '- " ' 1 " ' - " " - : * I ' - " ~ - - , W',-~'-',"::': ,-.---'-,',rvenientlv missina w'h'n th e vote onuU~U:- consntuents, _,~ere co nve Iu,c,n:y '" ,_._L b " _ g ,_ _ , _ _ : e , : , _ . , e . . ' ~ 1 _ _ ~ "* , 1 h f .... " 1 'I. '. h thei d e: '. th A 'UI,C ,:~ugltive'~L-aveact vros taK,en:" 'M't iout enerr detection tne ,'ctcould not. have passed the House ~In this crisis Emerson felt his O\YU he],piessoc'$$ 'acutely;, So'ID.e-to~, -C-.' . ~ I ' u " r ' ~ " - ' - -" the s p r l n g o r e a r l v 1 ' .'1 ] ' } m e I f 0 -" , [ '1 85 "0 he " " " I T O '~'IQ ln h isu.me u" ,lU"g I, iI ,. '''' ',~- "_,- "',D, "Il' . . : I I ' ! ! ; , ,1,__, !,I!,lt li, -_,I,~ -, __'~,,_'_ 1". , , - , !''r~ _ , 1 1 , . 1 1 " , ,I ,'" ~ '= ".c' ] . ' . 0 ' - u rna , ] 1 , . ~]l'it 'J i s ( - . 1 ) - Ji Ii s ch o la r's misfor tune that " h -]svirtu es a re all on,~l" -... _." ,,1.,.,., ,]l'r .j~~' -: -_~l,~-jI ~"" lI !. :! t~_l :O: l I~. ~~l~l~~l~:":':"_ /~_:d_'II!r' ~~ '~" '_ I~.~ "." _~ . __. ~. I..: "_' e- ''_:' __ ".P " "1 ilo P'f- ," ',..: '.' . .h ,0 1 6 0 - . ' 1 , . . .- ~ ~ ' . . ime com es ''r~ use them he : r u . I , ' L . :S, his, eves &,;ily- _, '~ 0:.; W,. ,...., UJ1... . . u...",......"..~'Ii"V .. .., .n. ""':Ii ~,' . = .. ~ _ __ '1- - --t ~,"'-'i t - - ,- " . . , - , - - ,,1 l...~ -- ,- - " t . - , . c t, ,~:,t e. , that h ,'-,sh "~ ', 1 I . d ' d,:H ( I ' n~"'~ ' 'X :'( l ,,"," ')'-,n e s ...0 re ' ,m,em,I l~ ' , r \ \ r . n a l _ - ,h. IS .,.la_'" , e ' s ,I ,O U I.:" ~ .O:_I'~:'U'" t,. i' 2!J5, ~._ - ~S ' '11] h tl ...,,[;c h ,"' h fu ,.~ '] h b_til,~ S 'rort Y atter tae passage- ot t,e r u gmve S",QVeac t ne ~ ie ,ganfilFn .~ - ,~ ' De~ . ; lournal (journal aD):,w i th rna terial culled from_ _ 1 . . g ii, '_' w ,.,_ ,,3. . ~. . ," _, . .. ."', ,.., " . _ .. . c , _ _ ,B - " , ' l - - , - - ~ " " - " ' - - , , , - , - - " ' : , ' C ' " - , : -,11'.,,_'. -' .'.. ", !;,j' ... l - c ; '11' E < ; . " "I~ and. J = ohn Lord..,ac~sto.ne S .,...om:men. t lnes on ",II! ~',LUVS oJ :_~;1,lg ,;anu,L== --' 1_" _ b J ._ __ :_ __ _:.:=,:.:_C am p be'Irs l:i 'vcJ 0 / th e Chicf:Jus,tices lo f Englllnd. 'Webster '8 sneersat ~bigher":law~ Seward still rankled and Emerson took comfortfr om 'fi nd ing '- ,' ' p..roof that the' sreatest 'inns'iS 'had wwa.v,s acknowl ... ,.- I ~,[-'~: .,,1 ... ,' _ .. _II" i 0 1 " _ J.._ . = . . _ . - - - - - - -"I - ---- -edged the exis tence of a, :Ia,\,yh igher than stannory la,\~~'I-' I 'e'tran ...scr ibed a t :p as s-a ,g efro m th e firs t VOh ,I.ID ,eo f Blackstl)ne'~s Co11111iC, i lr_"h"";lJIi' assertin ' g. ' :' that the U11" ]1 '1u 0 " f ' : ' natnre, I!'t; havlng been "d , :~ IC'i t "" l i, t - ,ed, ' bv,l,;iU.I~ ~~ I~,_, IbI._ L I __:.' . Q~ ,.._,~ ,~,t:~II" .'_~' , . I. . _1 , ' . . ' ! I I ~ . " [I"I,.I[ :' _ . . llh~ . -.~. !L4 . i I 1 - " : . . . _ ' _ . J

" G ~ . . . . d " - ' - 1 ' , , . , - - ' , : " , , ' ~ ', [ - : : , ' :t il ' , -, 1 '1 - _ ' _ - .'1~' ~ , ~ c " l J i ' 1 1 : ' iI-""~+~ - 't e , , 'S ' " N ' - ' , '0 : 'h - 'jl'iII'im,'''',~1i't'l ' l l '] i i ' W ' , - ' , J i i ! ' "oJiITD , 0 " f - ' a m l ' \ i l '.:0 ,1lm_se'~.:Ii supervenes,~!I.. 'sUU!.U, . '" ".'" U ,GJ" ,A.,~ ,0. """ '- .,I:,Ii,[,_11" d ' " " i f - . - . . 1] ~ ID - h f -1!... - - - - r d - d - - - -r- n\f~lr: :uy "I COcO t . l '"ary' to 'uU .s ; ~ . ,sue ~I 0,~'luem, as a,re va 'l~ ',~.."e'n,va : a

i '; l. .. _ } ', - c, ' fl i- : ' - - ' , - ,:il-, ,~ . ,111 i ,. .1 ."'- ....~I'~ ,l ..: -"" ," c "d '- ~ -, .],':, ':'" ,~ ,'I - I . - I ' : ' : ' d ;i t'el" fromIl!u,elf , I lo rce, (!C, dill. u :.le lr a u tll,o r1 .ty" rfle .,late, y o r .1m m,c : _ "a '__. y - - '". ._ ' . _'. ' b " i , . 1 : ' '"" n" a~n '~ l~ .( r~~ ;P i;,rX ' ] I ' " - ' Q : 8 , : , ' - 1 '\ - A n - - , : . ~ 1l....~ r : " ' ~ , i I ; ; ! ! ! d - ' 1 ' : 0 . ' ~ - n " , , ' d : ~ - p _ - " e : i i ' " ' i n e _ , ~ , ~ C l \ ! " l e "IU!lI_iII~v~~O'~~~M~ '.:J/).'VJJ..lfj ,1'J!.!iiii! .. , , J ! I ! ! I " _ La Jll~ iU..&~ "_-_ I~ _. J U J u . - ~ = ,& ~r-' ...~-.- .ttl ' : ' - " i I f i i i 'm : ' ' ' ' 1= w . c h , ~ , ~ ' h -. . . ,~'L_.:Jj; , ~ ' r c t : : i ' ~ l ' i i ! ' ; I ! I : : o : . f ' ; ~ , L e - ~ . .~ , o c : v e - ' a ~ , m --- i g - ' b ' t " m"ll'k_,e , s e n s e ' . H ' e ' a d ) , , ,_ _ I I . L ! ! " , . . ',o.l!b\1 ~-Jl~ ~:"'~.III.~ . Ul ...:n. l _ _ A ~ !l ~ ~ ." J ~ ~ "~ - - ~ - - - - ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

. .:KXlX



18/49


19/49

H ; ; ~ ~ " " " " " : ' c : n l '/ . ~ t , r o . 'd ..,.iI!ri , ; LH'21~iJ.Jtl'.'Q'~_:.. , if, 'I 'l'_' , ' :~ ' : .GL-t-:-I"U"-t.~tha.t work wherein we are m O I S t needed is that which i s , mostd sired b=. 'l--tti ' ( " L F " l - '1 -- . ' ' ) T -" h ' " . ' , . . ' , ' . d 1 - - ' " . , ~ . ,'1 .- . ,.' , . ,.; ...e sn en I , . - y us '.'~~ ~~ ~,'J' I I ~ 41 I .r e secona .ectnre I , D , h te sertes," Yie alth .~~ s ee s no s ham e in admitting' that "wea l th is felt and+.... t ' ' 'd ~ '. ' . - ; ~ " , . " ,: , " , ~ 1i f e b l " ",,,.:I:I? (' L - : t ' J ' , ' . ' . . . . . . I ).. .C ', '" "". -.. . ''-1' I ' , . . 1k - e . . ,u.ea. e . ' . ' as bl.e na .:JOnall l:Le.dl


20/49


21/49


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Hu,t orica I In troduc t ion;i ' l f - - e mixtu re of :l"9i'li:~ ' 1 - ) '. 0 , - , ! l i ' o i J ' : i l : l l ' r - ' w i t h O ' , ; i I J i , O - ' l'I;"I_~,a' :9"" w h e n 'M - 'ichel an m e " . ' 1 - 0 " : : '!l.ll.. J"L.lI,I'&, .J : I. U,.;I, A, I~ "' _. ' " '1 ; . . " , "-,IL.", ~,"", ,!LiI; .-:!I I!I I Rii:J' .. ,' ,11,1" - .II. ,...... ,0 ' , e ,1 ._dug from the Pope's ,prden. the' red and yeUow ochres (Dr thef rescoes o f the ,g: i sDn,e ' ' C_hape l~ ,rnixed them 'w i th , glue and VJatef:"and painted W 1 e iek after 'week his s ibyl s and prophe t s ,The : r .ef i :nc' IDen.t ,o c r p owe r by ci.vil imdon is , th e su.bjec t o f the

- } - - t - - - - i I - C < ' - - - 'I n - _ . . - ~ ' ~ - - " T I \ L - ,19..........__J - -.d' ~:,.l 'a:- 'T ~ ' ~ h - - - : - ' S - '~ _ " : t - ' - f - * h ' -C_la.p;e',r '" UJ_ure Ill. ,:__:r ; ~ ,L.if1'r'U,"~' ,O J , , ' . . l j 6 - ' . m ,Jl,_:c~p']Ln", 0" 1 l .1 ,~ 'eTimes" Emerson bad, said that ~M el iota ' tj jo , :n,in . nature answers toCulture' inman" (LL~l I~,12,SJ" :Now he explores al greater lengllrb~r'~ia,'itsecula 'f' m e li o ra ti ~ 'o r -,lh;i:~w hich rna nkind i is m o llifie . l d , - r~l:red~,-,'U~ ..,",~-- ....~-.--= = =-~" =-~~ ~'J _.~--"""= ~= ..- = - ~- ~==- =. - - : 1 0 '!!;,o"_._ -Jand ref ned" (C~ Vl, 4 ",40 ) ~ l\realtb entices, :pcn..rer 'e]ec'ui6e~)butonly cu].tur-e ' cal l. :pro\ide the: and,dot,e 'to the ,ji'o:rganic: e,godsm ~~'rTl'f '1J" :r , 4 , . '11' I l l ) . ' . confe ' :I I T , ; c ; :d ' ,- ' U '"p,o. " ' n - , everv 'I'"Ii~,')I~ : o ; r - ' w " : 0' - .m a " 0 a ''i' ' b l . ; i i ' r - t ' h - Cul-\ ~ r" Y j,: .1 [ , ,!Ii r .l . [ ~ ': !\.r.V~II_JL}' .. , ~. _.. _ ',~.' I ~ . . . ! l i P . . : I 1 1l I Ulr l& _I ,l l .. , . I l. '. '1 1 : 1 _ _ _ 1 " '~ _ .l~~ 1 . _ . , .. -= - u.ture j the ytide',st acquain ranee with the attractions of soclety and.'the' productions of' genius, vmrms the lonely and polishes therough; it draws the' g,enius from solitude. and awakens human, sy ,m-

;iI,.'~" "' 'I ,,~ d la li C l ~ 'I,pnUl],eSm tn e rapacious m dusm anst, ..~u_ture ' repeats in numan:soci,elY the action of natural evolu.tion::: "The fo ss il s tra ta show us

t- '~ll~t-" N . , ~ mre '~~-P"II m- ' W : , 'I" th r udin- -1i ;:e.:111' i~'~fornns, and rose ~ ' O " - : ' the more_ 1 .0. 1 I J .OLL- .. ' -' " It'C"Il;) ~JI I . L_ I [J '-ill .~ I ~ . j . II 1La_~J . l.loU, I I I ~.;i~,.1A~IUI1. _ I [I!. ~.. llr.. _ ,II [,t_oIUl,'\..r' C : - ~ O , " - ;mplex ;':Io'i::ii, fast as the earth - I W , - " i " - ' ii D , f i ~ " t - i ' for' their d ' f t i i i J ' ~ ' ~ ' I " I ~ ' n ,I g ~ ' pla ....,~~an'd;_ [- - '~l . !1.A,~ ~ ,I~ ~ -- ~ ~"- , - I, ~, .. I .,. , U~I,.!JJI_ _1;t 'T'L,I_ - ~ J " ~ : ,1 lu.L!\:r.,~ Q[,_,I tl '1 ,', h '~'IL.." h ''t.if r_ fflat tne .itowe'f':penS_I~I; a ." title' l iI,g,:er a:p.pe~ar:.~er1,It:ewo:~our racecan be said to, be ye t :firdsbe.d men. W e still carry ! i n c _ k i n g ' 1 ; 0 , uss om e rem a ins o f the :precedlng in fe rio r 'q uadr 'U , p ed o,rgan.iza,tiO'n~'1i1;'~'- call , , 1 1 . . . 0" "']ri'" -,'. ,"' ' b ' " ' < t , th " t . , . ' l - , - - ' 'Ll". : - I f . . - ' -,,~e ca._ mese 1'111 110.05, men; !U I_~dey are no ye men .. ,cdll-en,-'! p : a ; p r ~ . d in th e s o il p~I 'JUi'D:la ,to 'D ' e -~ ' tfree m g,n, need 'II:!: all the m u 1~~,;tO"~L.-~I t~"'I~ _I JI;IUl~l ~.. _'.1~. ;gl'''' &__ ~ I-V ~ .. IIl.l 1.1~. t.' . A.lLI 1 .[ ~ _ ' __ .;]I. . 1 , , 1 1 U"II~' ,,- '_--~~~ U.IQ_can 'be brought to disengage him" (~Vl~ 4 ..4 :1)" ,:ponsh ing ' the rough is one: task. o.f' cul tu re : rescuing the ,se:lfil,b-sorbed is another, "There are dull and, bright, sacred and pro-,fane , coa rs e and fin e ego tis t< j~" T is 'a d is e as e that, like influenza,fulls on aU censtnutions ..,~,The v j ' ru leDoe of egot ism indicates theimportance that na ture attaches to individudity~ but l ike ' ,manY'other diseases it is dangerous to i , l s host, If''uncbec:ked, it can makethe indlvidual run "round (I, r.ing' formed by' his own talentM ( e M { ""t ,4, . ,4)~'The aim ,of culture i s , not to . destroy tJ-'ds individuality,.........."God forbidl ~l:t is to. "train a:wayall impedimen Iand, m ix.tuFe '~ and,Ieave nothing' but pure' :powe' . r :~ '(G ll:" V1 :~ ,4.."jr)..Cul ture takes a , man- f - ' h l I f - I - ' ~ - L ~ 'h~ ~,.....1' d' '. "ou t 0.1 :nnnse .1:, , -PUts, nun among ' ,11$ equais ann superiors, revivesthe d,eli,ci,oU$1 s ense ,o f ,syl l l ,pa' lhy} and, warns him of the dangers of

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His tor ica l '11dToduct ion .d- i' i'] ,. b ' 1 , : : ' . . d rmo ern society IB ,tne separatmn between rengion an! InOra.= i ty~~a.t proof of infid,eli,tylike the tole:tauo:n and p:r-opa,g,and'i.~m ()f

s~a ' ; l e : ry?t.' (eM{, 'VII ' i '81~9) ' . ' T he o ld, creeds canno t h e lp US'i' "Fo rge tyour books an d . traditions, and, obey yOUf' 'moral pe':fcepti.on:s, att-1)~Q' hour '" ,:T '.he "w " '0 : rd "lin'-' i ' i ' ; I i ' a : - c ' l - ' does t'ji 0 , : " i i i - -m " ,ean "ln- ' l l i : r 1 I ' ' ' / ] 'ble ~''1IiliC m os t_l" I_~.[ .... -.'i' ,,,'l.._ '.,.'.'._,'.~ '~r""'."~'~"'-,,-U~._'l"~I"_(ll 1."-'" .l. 1.'"l~..dI'tl_...I. '!L-tt! g~ l"',_:~:'people think, ~The true meaning o f ~piritual1is Tea l ; that 1 " 3 i \ Y ' w,h i , c h~''''''~C' ute "i:!', :-l:'liilil!l~']-'~''W ' ' , ' l l j l ; ; I : " : ' I f - . . '!I:&'!'II"r1.....' ,~,;;I';i.l]ll,OU, ,it' 'm'"A":lD' .C" and W ' . ' , h ich cannot b A'LA....., ..;3 ,'~.I';JI " 1,ilil.......U, n u, .,~ H,IIU,I, ,,!l. -" ",","in ,",, [I ' g ,Ui, , .,I .J; . -, 'L~, ., .. , .. . ' !I ..;,. d ~ .' 'n ' (-eM! 'VI' 6 ')conc:,eive-~.; a : 5 , n , - o t e:xuMlng:: < ~ ' " ~ , . ,1 , 4 " ,Bronson Alcott dined with Eme r s o n shortly 'before- his depar-tu re :F o.f'Pittsburgh to deliver the' ~ 'Co-nduct 0 . L~fetr Iectnres. In ajournal entry of '6 'Marth : 1 . 8.5:l. he noted: ~ ' E . , . seemed in. betterspir i ts than 'Usua l . He had a good. deal to say on the times and th ec p o ' irit 0 : , f : - ' t h A times ~'"""ston wa....QI a b a'-,';:;;0 P , : I , " , ; i " ! ' -J"l'II~,t" ' D O : : ' - :W ' _ - : He UP'?il':,,]1;_ : . T J i . ,I. ." ",~, U., L., UUI,,,-,u,II .il ., ,;;]I ., ""~ _' !I.']i,'L'Iu ,.IIi,." .. ,',.' . ,.'-' HOr;Joashamed of It, Elliott, the Senator, deserved insul t from everyr i ,gbt mlnded-ci tlzen for his late' vo te on the :fngid,ve slave bUtSousherners 'were saints compared with him" (,T h e ,J o u rn a l s if !,Bf'tJrutm ,Al l ,ot t~ ed Ode ll S i.te :p ',a 'r d. [Boston, : 1 193S] J' :p ~2 '4 ,3 ) ~ S dU~Emerson thought he could s ee 80Ill'; reasons lo r hope " , I - Ie b e-n.eved that disgust aroused by' th e :fugritive s la ve 'la \\ '"'w a s alreadyprnvoki,ng' a be,alt 'hy b~cldas'h 'ag,a,inst - i t . in Ma.~S~lchllse'tls,"Just be-fo re se tting out on. his :Pi.ttsburg-l"~.journey, he sen t a , letter (laterprin ted. in 'T lw L ,ib er a to r ) to his Concord n.e~g'bbor }llary M : l e .r : r, i! c l {Brooks, regretting (halt his lecture engagements 'would keep him,f r o m ' ' ' l i ~ : t - i i o ' ~ r ' I . . J : ~ i ' n ',0' I W " - " e , a : ' u - , " ; ' I D , U ' , . . . ' ~ m a e etin: - ' g - ' 0 ' - : : " [ : the Middlese ' X " , . C o - _ ' ~ 1 1 f 1 1 i N.1;1.... , A._.I.t.Ik.r..lIiJllUJL l.a1 . _ 1.. . __ [ . _ I... dI. . ... u_. ~.' l.. U.l ~'I 1 .. ~ _.. ~. . .. 11IAJ11111~J,An:u:-s'lav'ery Soc le(J, He ,ex,p.ressed his, un.\Wverin,g :hnpe that bad,times would soon engender better on .,e 8 ~ ~A~ far as I have' ob-served there ~ l;Q' 0 ' n all IIJ'~ai;questions ".:l l tide o r o ' u 'If) d 11 ~ I -~ it~on in t - ' h l a~- .', ''''~. '-'.-:,1 U,I' .II!' .~, :~.:~~idI_. OL....~~...1 , . : . . , , . .' ~ . ~ : . =I.~"~lllt1ll.~ " Yj...1~ ' ! .: .. .. :. '. ~~ ' ' l~ _~ .J ' ~.g.~ly_j' ~.:~...,. l !. ' ~ ~ . '~~l!.I~':p ub lic :m ind----a. s erie s o f actions and reactions, 'The momentaryinterest carries it '[0 d,ay; buI.presently, the advocates of 'the'liber,a],principle are victorious, '. '. ~If the Wo:rld has all:)"reason i:o ,it~: i . ' t : isforever safe ' and successful to llrge the cause of lov-e an d . :rig'hf' I ( I J . - ,V lIIJ i7 3,--74 ) 'i,Then, au. 2April 1 .8~.1~the Boston police arrested, a seventeen-

L .;J. '. ~J . l! I, " , ' . . ' . - , ~ , -, j, d -- , ,r, l~, - ' " u '~ ' , , - ' - ' . , ' , C :: ;-" , , ,- ed, T :h - ': - - ,~,(!o S i m s T h e p o l i c e 'were' deter-v e : a . r -O , I " ,1UiJI"I .ve na_m,e:, ,~__. ow ,p , : , g 1 1 I,,:,. _ , ' . _ ~ __ CC _._._;:,' C.C C" '.~J ~- :mln.ed to prevent an.y repedtion of the debacle that bad. occurredin February~,when the fugith ' ,e slave known as Shadrach Minkin,s,had 'been rescued from :3 . Boston courtroom by a group of black

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His,l.o,nltQll'Uf:oau c t r i o nmen who,managed 'to spirit him away to Canada. by '\\~y o f Con -co rd. (s ee ,Gary L " 'Collinson~ SluuhYJeh kfi~n, li i'n-s: . F r o , m , J l t g / t i u e Slave 't o ' C - it i% e J J [Cam bridge, 1997]) ",rr,e5id.e:n t Fillmore ' f t > , e ' : U , e \ r e d . that.he must prevent anv more' s neh re s cues if he w i s h e d to keep'!"'!l / ,S,""0 . 1uhe r n . - ii;!;~',A..I,:;.~


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Hisun i cal . ln troduct- ionc lbn1 l~ e ; s o ' i~the reaction o f ta le ne s im '.P 'r i~ o n.i 'U g 'the ' v iml p 01 ye r in.certain directions" ([eli{ 'V]'j, 1 , " , 8 ) ~ ~M:en,are v,(b a:t their :m . o thers- : :-ad 'e, '- ,t hem lLO,-I' ' m o e , "li;,",',: ~'iL'!, 1 ; * ' ~ e . , l l ' l l "]Isk a,[,lo on ~ '[w h ic h 'W, '~ ' /e,:?Iv~,~h u c k ~'L....ck'._rna. I l . c II : , I , , - , , _ I,. _ M , h " , lO y ~ ' " . ,n,~ , . ..."','Ji '" ~ , I !_ , ,, " " h' _ A ! I i . . o " " , " . . . . . " " ~ , 'J 'whY 'it does no t m ake cas hm e re , a s expect poetry from this eng i . .n e e r , 0[' a , c 'be 'w i ,ca l d l s c 'O '\ lT e r y f [ 't o . m that jo b b e r " I ( eM{ ' V ] " t , 1 , ~9)'. 'U , N I" " l I, ' . . U ' P " ; , g . ; I i t i . w : c , ' " h e - " " : i i , t - : V ' Q - " U ' m - e - , - : , " l I " Y " d o ' 0 - 'T ' here is mruch l lO- , - 0 . ' m - ; - :- [ - ? I ; U not" , ( ' , C ' ~'JU~._(J,!,,"_~~,I~ ,~~" ': !P!..:. l '1_" 1_~~:Ii'" ':_ ," ":.1 .] .. ,,',IL,~;1, "'1', .. 1.'_", /'_""_ [14;,11/' "" .... lb .... ~Ir-~j" rr _ - - , 6 ' : ) " Na tu re 's " immo va ble Iimltations" ,, '!t'l 'i"[-'[ -ij~-f':'-,="-:",:,-:--_V J I . , : t l., 1 . _ : ~ , . Ji '._ e r e ,S - - " - - . L m o w _ _, e ' I _ _ _ _ a O.J!- 'S WlL ,lb l l 1 i u . , a , ue everyscheme of lmprovemen t. ' ' ' ' \ V e ' are fired widl the' hope 'to reformm e n , A f i ~ .. - ; . r - -'m - '9 ; ~ V ' experiments W , I , ' , ' e . find that w e mu , ' C ' i t - ' beain e a r -L.lJ.~J'. " ,t.~ ,. !0I ..IH1}.' LA. .," ,_.,lbi)~1 ._ . ,Ll. ,. _. . __ lOt., . '\.;r.l ,_ _ . _ ~ J" - ;e . .. ...IUI!\.r.:1CI.I.ne,r~-at , !Schoot But the boys, and gjjrl~,are not docile; 'W 'e canmake nothing 0'(' them. 'W e decide that t hey are not ,ofgood s rock"W e must begin our reform earlier ,s:ti l l i ,~at generation: that is,to~~"li,v- '- t ' h ' 1,I;I!o'lI'\e' ::[~, F > O : lIit 'p, ,ii!li;F 1:~n~' , 0 - ' I f : t, J r . , p "W - '':0' r J 1d :H :(,~:C~l'i':' '\In 'II ' 3 ' ' ) [ . I = ~ ' w e a r e~'.t.' ~ ::. -- ~.I, I _> .Il.:J. , . ~ _~ ~ ~ll [lu. t I ! . , I I J I " _ . [ JLI,~. ,_,-, J - J ' , " ] _ rt'j Y,I:t. ,.I. Ill]... ,.' '~I .1. 1 I!'1 l':. _ '". - ,honest we must admi t 'that "the Cerman and, :Ir i sh min ion s ~ ]ik_e.;il,,~ N : 'eUI;!" ' . h - . ~V~' "lI 'g ' re ~~t-:. d ' -eal of z uano ,.-,., their d - - e - I i l ! ' l u - : " " nv'. T h -'-,'P\i' atreUH.~ I I '. ,a,1I1'V~ I. A ~~ c;iI, .~_.'l .. a." '. .A_ I . 'U, ~,~A_ I .. _ 1 _ . . .1 U ,ll . J I '._ . ,!t) __ ., 1'" I I' l~," ._ 't:....rried '0 ' iver the A " ,1 t , 1 1 ~ '- n l ~ j c, - t o ditch and ~~d r u d ' g e - . . .. - : to mnake ....'0.rn,[[,Il::;; ,.IUI,~ .. y-~, It_ I ~ , !l~lft_ II , 1- :: .. . Ii .. "I ~. l ! I . _ ,L~'-.rl. !A-l111.. _ (/u. . ". _i "'_ ~:. :II. . ~ 0 a_ I. v. _' I,.I~cheap , and then to H e dow n prematurely to m ake ' a s po t of greengr.: - _ " : i [ ; j i! l ~ on ' ~ _ 1 f . .p,urairie '" .("~ ; I , . ,' V ] / I', I . '1 , ? , ) I , .._ .. '"'IIl_~ ... " .. _Il~ ,rI.IR-~,._ ...~r!VJ i .. :Ii. iii '0L!' ~On.'[ rhe .ry'~'.' I i ;,e-r 's lde of .:i",;j;.,., d e , : '' I : - '' ', a , ' ' '; i I : i: are rhe absolute l'"d'l;i!li'~:]-ll"'~'IiI'~.who, . U ,!l ,.... IVtI,I", ""I ,~ v" IU,JiJii]l . _ . ! U '-I.... ,,;u' . I I : . ,I, . . ,~vll1iA.; _,.....;g._ " " " " ' j i ,I,.(a s E :m ,e r,s o:n said In, "The Transcendentalist") look ,3,t aU,facts "asthe reverse side of the tapestry, as,the ,o la e, ..~' ,(( ; w ; : I, 202) co ' Such,""il' 'I .. ' . '1 " ~d ;, n'~d h " 'I I d ' ~ tiltnmsers ar-e'Wll.l::lJ8,,1 to s ay , n o : 'l.me ,nln.- l),: s a g ' e ' tnat '-!tate':lS 8-0-,-,-in.g but the deeds committed in . a,prior state of [exis tencei~ or 'M,thSc~ h ,e'lli 'D g'tha t "there is Inevery m an a certain. , f e e l i n _ ~ 8 ' , ~that 'b e hasbeen. 'w :b at b e is 'from, all etern:i,c:y~and by no means D e came suchin time" (~'"V1~ 1.13). The law s o f fate a re d:le ~ a 'W S,o f mat t e r ,h u-[-"thou srht d i ss o lv e s ~:l..II m , l a o seri ~ " I un iverse" ~ ' , . . . , J ' r' V I [ :'II' - 1 _~, _ " c ' i i . an d :_ r- !,l.~, ,v_~ j l , t" _ " " " ' ' I ! . ) I , I T '!i..;,~ ['u~., ,'" ,.,R. , ' ,,,I,T 'IL" ~ \, ~ 'If";, , ,'~ '''';;) ~l fl,,-reveals to ' 1 ! l . . J i ; thQ , + " th E ' ; I ; soul contains '1...a event t h at s h a " 1 ' 1 . . . efal l itJ.~~' = - . ~ ~ . _'J I~"~I _~__... : ~'t. '.- I~ ~ _ _: I . . ~ _ _ ~ I... .~~blld~~~. UI,~' ~.".~._:~.. ~ ~.t ~\~lll':':".J UC:~_] ' ;~.1111'~.J._'~fo t th e e :vent , is only 'the a,ctua~u:ati,gn of i t s , " thoughts , and, ' w " h a t ' we 'p m )1 ' tn 'Ours elve s for' is a lways granted" (C", VI" 1, .,55J '" :1:ndeed,"events :grow' on. the same s t em , wi th persons; are sub-persons"(,C'~ VIt l , . ,56)- ~A ,roan, \\illsee h is character emitted. in the e-ven.ts,tLa " ( ' t " A e "m it,n. m e e t b- U ' " , t , ' -w-l-.. -1 -F't.. e x u d -e f r -0 - m an oJ a ~ c o " m - nanv ' h . im '~!,' _ ; _ '. J ~ : : . _ . . ~ ~ ~ . . :~I, '] 1l.J.v ;!;.:~~~;t [_: ....,:.. . .,:.ll.l~.\...Jl~ll exuue ,I~ . - : . : : 1 01, : '_ - " ~ U : . . - ~ \ - : : : ' , : ! ' = ' : i - " ' l / " ,,':.1.,1,',(~"VI" 1~,58) -e . Nature and Thought are ,uMtO boys pushing' eachother on the curb-stone of the' pavement, ~E1\~e:ry th imgis pusheror pushed: and, matter and, mind. are in 'perpetual tilt and bal-al l l ,( ,e~' . . ' . Every solld in the universe is ready tn become fluid on

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...L.. ....... ,. ":- ".\..." " , . j k . of .~.1k.... -,e:.'", d i',~ d 1*,'k,:--, - - : - - n ' / i d ' : : - r ' ( ." 0 ' ' . f l u x it i s t h e 'Ii'O, ~ a . s u r : eu' i I : .eapproac.UI , 0UJ!e m ln :~ an , _U le p 'U ,~e " [_ ~~~ ~...._~ ' ,._ .~.II!. e,~':..'''.:.." . " : f ' , . ~ , , ' , : ' j , ' d " ' ~ ~'r.iI'll ' V I', : ' . I '1\ S _ .< . I~,.- ' b ,--."'.'-.,'' d ' [ ' d ~ - ' , . r . '. " '" , . r'" ',, ,"." t h o ' -. , '0, m e m m _ '_ "LJfj.' ... ~" L , D 9 1 ~ : . .ava,ge . neas ts a nn e va Jta un .g ear ,,-quakes a,be.y the same Jaws as circulating planets or flewering lU -les, " In . a s t r onomy , is vast space , but no :forei,gn SYltem,; Inge{)~.ogy~vast. time, but the sam e 'law s . as 1 L C M 1 ayu,(~ 'V I .t 1..~68)rHow fo ol ...,' ~ ' h " ,'.'L.,. :\..., l ' r ' . . ' , "''I;:-,'l.{ .:. ',.....be ,...., ' ' ~ ' 6 c l d b" 11 forces which obevlS. , men, to a ,ow ourseives to _.'e terrme .. ,:IY rorces wrucn c _ , e yI ~ , ~ - , ~ , . - . - . . ~ ~ - - ' -~ 'n"....ll..:i--~, .." '!I; -~ d .l....,' ; 0 . , 1 1 . . . , , ; : ; ; p 'ersian P O ' ie t H ' :_ _ _' ,_ ..c- .,;:0aid'.~ " " T " is " i I , , , , , , . , , . i ; , (;a "vs w e ' ca n U[ ..u~l".s~n' ",l'l1 Uil:'L .. 'LL~i3'14I . , . . . ,'dJ.IZ~":'~ .. ;;.jri&.-&. ~.ten on the at:e ofHeaven ..'i,WO 'Un to . him who suffers h im s e l f to'._ , .~' .1 '_ [0,' . _, .,' ._ _,.j I _- -, .. , I _, I "_,.I, . _ . . J. - - - - -. , ~ .b b e t 'r' ' d ' - I ' - b y . ~ F 7 , t t ~ ! O j . ( , ~i'f = V I , : , - . : 8 \ 'i'n...~'. .' k - " 'F '~ 't ' " uch '~..ne _'etrayeu ,,_:/:,.-a.e~.'lt~ f~' ',t . 1 , . , 3 < 1 ~ ~ vy-,n3!~makes _ _ _ c , - a r e suc-~ex-hausting reading besides m e ' unusual -['erocj'liVof'i 'b, langu, ,a;ae. is.- --,' ..,' .. ," ,.,. '.".'t . ,. ., ..... ,----.," , ... ,""''' " ,. "'"',_-. '''''0' ',I' .~,the w . a y its, opposing arguments follow one' another , r im .ont in..termisslon and mthout r-est "In the Hindoo fables, Vishnu ()l~1 1 _ , W S ~ ' , ' M " : ' , 3 ' va. ' ,m ' l . iro.uah all he,,['ascend '~l',:n:g.cha n , p ! " e ' Q ' from insect andlu. -' ,_.[Il~ _----OI,llidl- ",.,,~ ... I -'['.-_:' .. II~-O~' _. ~ ~ --~- ------e r a 'I'L~C!";r... ' l l " ' p to, e l e p h a Hit .. W ' : ) . j I I ' a r e v e r f o rm i i ! ' h ' -e , t ~ o ; k - ; he t o : c o k the~- ,I riil_t_".11 ,."[;" "-1 I. :!I, ." ......._;l,~iI! .. '. ~.' '- -''''-'I!l [i[l- ':_______'l!~!l ~.!~_. .)I,...... :l' .,.1 '.~l!!l.' _'._'_'~_'_', [UI..:." ' : 1 c: ' 1 , , ' : ''',rm.of that kind .. until she became 3 .t last woman. and god ..rna_ e .l!O~~~_ _ _ ~~ , __ =~,!' ~, =~ ~ _~ _ ~ ~ ~__ ~ _ _ ~__, _ _ __, __, . ,_ ,dess, and he a , man and a god ,.~ (~. VI., 1.~2'6) OJFrom. this perspective the recent events in Massachusetts as-sumred the c:fc""Ih''1i!lji of- a l l e g o r y Eme r s o n ' 1 J . . . ~ d 's ome t im e s 'wonder-ed!iJ1. I' ,,-, ... 1_: ~Utll:.. ~~iLUJ~ 1. -:.:._ d I_ : . . i~ . _ [~ . : .J ,' . . _ .~ ~ ' ~111~UII"~ II~tM~, ~'_'. ~u. I~_' ._.'._:"I" ,_I_.:-.~,.-::, _',

" ' : . ~ t r -~t'1!r er i j ' h " , ' " ~ en . 1 I : ' ! ) . . . ' i I ' - i \ ' U d , , i status' 0 , : f : .' the.., N , ' e' g . " tro race 1 : i I j I i i , d . '~r;gt'ed somne.,nn-WIJ1~ ~jle ' ~._I~ ~ ,~_a,,'!\.nt 1 .II&II~ -~ , 1 1 . _ II , I ~ f U ~.A\r ~II ._Il\r.g.,~ . ~, ..,I . .. ~II. d [er ' I v i ' D I : [ J " inferi or " ' . t v 8 " e once p r o v o k e d w nH~mLlovd Ga.rrison" '" , ./" .0 '.b 1 ,1 "1 .1 .1 ,, , " , . . . . . . . . . . , " , ,~ ]'~ . I e." -' _ ,........, Ii'_,_ ,""._, "~~~~~~=_ ---- ~1-- ~-, ,-I! _ _ ~~ n " I : t o ' : 1 0 ' , ud n" ~ ~ g ' rhs nfi ' d,~tjI;1'~'i ' 1 p - ; Y ' "aski_ " : ' : , ' I ' l , g ' " whether h e. hi a d ev.!:iP'~" con-l,_l ... _"U ,'~\ll ' v"' rti.=I.~ll U .. ~ l~_I_ . H. ,.~ _lI.~ .. _ I _.._ ... ~ I" .. ,,~~1 .: -' , ri . , ~ .s ld .,.~ ".'d'; !i':~, .. oossib:.'.}-.'[".!' . f _ " , f.Il.,t;~:;I." .. '~ '[I.' ,. '. in th '.n I', . ' 1 iestion"51.. e re . .-U ,I ,e POStLl,l.l) 0 a J(1: l , :e-ei lem,en. t . In tne ._.egro que, .....~.,.,.(Cll, ....'i'-f 'XI~/'i) Ij."j, ' 1 ) .. U' t " ' " LA'i'!i; Th",OiN!i;''''II'~ Sim 1 1 : " 1, ;a. . .J1 ' N ' ' orth like 3' i C , . . .. ,U 11 .s.~'J , ; i ! . ""J_.4i l ll .~~_.!I' .;;}~-,--,.~ ... ,I'e..: W .l i ih; ; ; :- I ! . lL _,~Ji-'i.l;(l!a [ , ' . I I . 'I.,,;:) ,U .",- ,.U . u .U J i.t ,.t ".' .. ,' ~vl.1. "",;y-,ca:p,'in-athe 'trammels, of the material universe. Emerson 's ,3 ng ~ :e r_ ._ ._ r ,_ ' . e ._-_.__~._ --,_.. -. I_I I ~ _, -~,"'l"'l_ I.!" "'!~ ~ ,~ ~~~~ ,="' ~~ ~ -_.-~ -_.. d~ .~ d ,i d - h 1 1 . . d h d 1 t 1 'W " d : S , imm.eiatei1'Y~recte. at tae cu~b.mte:,:.men 'W . _~O a : r g u [ c : - _ . ' .~n a tSim..s maust be QJ~D"t ' back 1 ' : ' 0. . ' i o i F \ ; bondaee 0 0 - : e 'n l - ,: . .e the ReoubIic, ThisII _.. ,., __~ . ti o!\i., _-J _I ~ ~ ' L " ' , , _ ,!liV __.. l~,. ~T._ U-I. ~~y . .. _'r.l!! ~~ . . . t t , i . ' . ~,tl~--.. " -.~,~::,,'e:,,-'-'. I d . '!',.l' n : 0 ' ' : t ' : : m ~ , i I ] I , - , : , , ' i L I " a ' I ' I I i ' E''-'eri.''no 1 'l ;' !C I ;, 4 O ' :" U ,I t aro' ''Ir.:rn18S'._"-,e - ,-ve :r-es .p o:n se:.:,I.IU "". _,' . I. ' .~Q.ai l ! UJi,t. .-ILJIII ",i:t'U. , ,l,IiI['!Ul.~""'["'his i 'Olre\tud:ices, or wou:ld. neve r exp '- 're ss 'tb .e m agrdn.-. 'mere 'ht, that :he:,."".r .'::J' ". ",. . . . , , .. , " .. , "',." , . , . , ,~~. - ~~ . "'~.. -- :11 - ~ , - . J - , "d~d.' ' , ' c , " l l ~ " . - t ~ ' n : : d . : ' : . ' i t , ' : : I ]. ~,. ,. . h .~r, ~ o : ; n : : d : u ' , . . . . [ " ' b , e ' , ' , d " ~ ~ ~ I . o , r ' : : m [ ' ' i i ' n e - d ~ ' b ' r . v ' t ; h - , . . a 'm '1 .. : ' . . l \ . . ,1._ . n Q _ , ilQ.. . : e _ _,~:O =~ ' " Ji_' '1 1 , ; . , . . ,. t " " , - , . . . . . . .II,!C,. ,Ji "1- .......__" .nJl, thou;gb by te .m p e rnm .c,u,t .b e l iked. and adw:ir.ed. ' wea l thy ba;n~k,ef'5~'j.' ~'~'h"~',DI . - t~ , a n , . . - " " d " ; , m an.m actuI\errs o n, both sldies. ,o f th e Adau,de muc'hmerCJI._w,, ... ,_ ~ __~ __ = ' '"m~:-r'~...:L.. "" '- . ' ~ , .o : : ~i1~'~d~.m ." " .0 ' iI:!'i ' a :b ' . .. . . , .1 1 ; ; : I l ~ I O . " " ' n i i~,"c. S i o : m j.~e: ; . ,Q. s~n.tence:s :h .e a .d d e d!U!'"..... l.UI.XI.1L ,.Ill..... I;lA"". . __ , . .,.Ii,. _ ,d,l .' ,,-~~,:!i ~, _.... _ .....to' !,4Fate~ after 1,8~1 'treat Iconservatism. as an unvlarvi'D~' s yD l ' P - . - , .~ I'~ Q _ [tom of decline:' ~A good -d.eal of our poU.rlts. is p by s.io lo gi.ca l.. In.E '1 - d- ' h ' " ' - 1 r " ' ( " 'h d [. r - " . ' . - " [ - - " [ " '1'''. (" . .:' ~.. _'-,._.,- '.'-. ',< '>1: : " '" ':1['_._'1' .,".",., ""':[',:'.' ',I',' ~'; '1'---: r"';_":.',"'1 "'-'1-' .. [.... - ..... < _.,mg an , I . , . . t,,, e,re IS al,ways sum.e man. (L. we,a~L:.: an ., a r.ge con neetl.,,.[.",-l:t'iI'i1'ii+:~'~' ~"im[C! '~' l f d...It ~ n ' . , i O l ''~ :UI ~'~Q' y'~dlrc: n f ' b " l e c ; . . . - : J J ) t " h ' , lnon t h ~ , ~ .e '. ' s I d e o f_~on _ p , ~.1 ~ng .IUIJ,i.3,,",.U.~ ,'LI.&. Ji ;0DU, Ih.D' .. ......g """v.. , g L . ~ v =.. ., ,p ["oO'r


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H i s tm i 't ; a l ' . ln tmdl tc t lonUver,ed)" "Fate" took fourth place, after a, new lecture eu tided" T h e ,Ao .g Jo..Saxon 11 ' (later called "Th e Angl(r .A'Qle:r ican,~) '! w'bi 'chextended the kind of observations on national character found inh:is,lectures on New' En,g '~a l ld . and. England. to in,clude 'Ul ,e resi.-dents of the upper M i . d w l . : : ' ; , s t . and the Mis slsslppl 'Va l l ey~ It Is a.shrewd ' W ' ~ l ~ , t t v ' l ie . ",r-"[ '~u:re and 1 ' " 1 ]W ' ; i " \ i I 1 1 1 I d ~ ; proMir.~ ' 1 '0 be one of.....his m-I.n~:~,I i l ! I . J I . _ ; & '-'1" _1). . '~I'. J J ~ . . .&.,1 " "- ,_ . ~lIi.l .:Y,\ .il , . 11 ! " . . . . ._;!I !!I~ ~ . ~?~I~!\.iI _ II ,l~~ "I ,. ~ ~iJ~pOpU '~M~,But, e'en.here he :mnnages , to comment about the sorrystate of American polltlcs, which is 'the natural expression ofAng lo -Amer i can character; Th e ,A'D glo~A ule:r i ,caI11sverdict on anyquestion education, tJe;m,perafi.ce'~ copyright; -is usually "selfishand elec tio..uieering _ ' ! r I ! ~'O that ~:L,p:,occasional verdict ren f l1ered! . 0 " nA-_' .. ~ .. l~ . _"'.. Il~.....""Y_'J __' ~~. IU~n", UI_,''r 'Y'~~-g "I., ~."f" _ ~ ,\]I"~ ... ~" ~'r.-- .~" "gr-ounds of natura] equity '~:gi ,v-es: a U , m en th e jO}~' o f surprise."Could ,a:nyl:hing possibly be v . To : r , s e , than 'Our legislation about s lav-ery? "If there ' be any wo,rst';be sure 'w e M H .find that out and make'tit '1''''lI'II'.;I'~ (' U . ' ' . ' 'I '~' tillna),~~,,din ,,'., -s .. - J l , j ~::tJ.i i :!:.~:1iI-Emerson also read iodif.vi.d'u~dlectures from the "Conduct ofLife" series throughout the 1 8 5 0 S , . "Power" and '~Wealth'"were

the most frequently repeated lectures duri'ng 1 .851. and : ] [ 8 5 , , 2 ;later they \ rvere 'replaced, 'b y "C ulture " and "T he ,Ang [,o ...Am eri.c a' ll , ~which were repeated man.y times during ] , B , 5 1 3 , and 1854., "Fate" isthe o .nl1 ' le cture fr-o ,m the '~ iCo.nduct o f L ife ~ series never deliveredas an individual lecture ..But its themes reappear frequently in the:>, (,I t '" " l: - ; v c . - " 1 i :A- :WI - ' - ' F~ '~~E.'nerson g , ' . . ~ve'throueheut m e ' mld-i Ssos. Onan _ 1 5 a.cry .Ii""C_ .....5 .. m,....I.,~ .,A. - . - - _.,1 ::)" - - . - _ .... - v -7 :March . l ,S '54 he' ' g - _ K v ean address a t Co o p e r 'U'nio.ll in New 'York'to mark the fourth anniversary of W e b s ' t e : e : & netorious speec'h~Th I ere he remI~Inded'; L , : S - , aurllen ce ' i i ' ~ l 'at "there are two " 0 : ' rces in na-, . ' e , e .e e. 1Ji. '5,... . lU. _..1. ...n.iIl: . II,.~, iii '''I,III,,~'''',~" il"W. = _='!I;,; __ =~_ ~_~ture by'whose antagonism lye'exis t: th e pow er 'O f Fa te~ ,of,Fbrtuue';the l aws o r th e world,~ the orde r of things, 0[;, however' else wechoose to phrase it, - the material necessities, 'On. the one' hand;and 'W in~ or ,Du.'ty~or Freedom, 'o n the other, ~ W a , and t n u s t : ' 'thes ens e ~ ,f( r .; 'D "L t 'anddutv .0 ' ' D . ' . 1 one hand; and th e m a te ..rial necess i t i es ,!il!, " !i)'!i..o" 'UI', ... ~J,l, .... , .. _ . ""'l~' _,'VI.JI. "u;_,~ ~, .. UJI, . ...,. =~ ..._ .__. ... . ~on. the' other ..M a , l and M U i S ' t ~ (.LL,. I; 3,4 0 )" ,His reminders were timely, fo r th e n a tion w as fac:ing a,new' crisisenginee:red in ' , \ \ rash: ington,. . 'On 4,January 185 ' 4~ Senator Stephen' D > - . . . 1 1 ' D _ , E ' ] 1 1 1 1 1 " " . . " . . . . . - . : s . . . f' hi r - t -" 'nsco'oti,oU,g ,~M~ ,:ffmocrat OJJ. .u.I:nOl~ih eag'er (0 >:_eea, =UI"d~e .ra~J.._ ._ :: . , _ : : , ~ ,J _ , ' "ne :""t~,j railroad ro- ' 1 l l ' te 0 -:0 -' ,. . L'iF\O-11'~'g~"111 Chicago rather ~ : l l ' an : S ' : : I ' L'ou,;;~'0 ':'f'1.[,[.. ~lIJILa_I! ,,",'UV".'" __ .. l __.. ~, bl_:_ Ikl,l-I ' .'_ . .U :.: :.,_ ,_ _..J t_ ~!I.~:.~::. ;(,IIPiIi!- I ~\I. ~_II< .. ' ~-'!Lill .'- I"Ii~ '._ 1.1Memphis, Introduced a bill to organize a new ter ritory west ' O f '

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.L(J1IlPti oj.A.' ' f f i l i t l !ctuTI! I ( 1 . 8 ' 4 . [ 9 ) and T k ' s t ones 0 / ' V e f u ; 'c - :e ( ] 85 , ~ -5,3) as'W - ; 1 ] ' c~ s a tr = ~ + - ; : s ,c om art and ;-,rchiteeture Nr nne' of Ruskm's d .' lsci-~~e I,~ 1 1 _ it _e a , y _ _ e _~_~ '"a~ _~i ; 1 L - _ " " C - - - [l__~J _ _ ___ ~~ _~-'I-- ' E ' d ' ard G ' ~ -",1..---"' H " - - 1 1 - 1 , ' ' d ' - I b e "- .., -"- .- "- , ~ ' d 1b -tb t 1 - , - - - - , . . . ~ ,P,es.. ,.''~~Ir- ' ,_~arlUet~ - " e . ,thSOla,'_, J - , ' , en Im'l)resse,~ - v me tneories.1 "~f '~'1s friend thte ,,~,' " \ " " ] I i eri or'~ In I sculptor Horatio GreefD()iugh-whoo. ,11.",- ,ill.. , .,.,_,.,1' "n, ,nJ!II!I,,_~~""'il._ " " '~ , ._ ~ . _, !! I. , , _ _ =_, __=_~ __ V '~~_'_~~ "'_'_'" __ .'_arzued that b e a u l,hJ f ~ , ] ll lo , u . i 1 e : d - . ,' 1 function and t i l: .. - - , ~ ' ~ [iil~lacnr')i":v\A_!''i\1I e , , '-le-,ft. e . . . . ' _ - ' - . ~ . , - _ .'.A._ 'fir} =V If . "'!,I.. ~~1''wI!I!=~~I~~i,"~ .~lLI.,.. !~~ u~~ ~ g.ly ~~~ . ~_ments in a r c h i t e c t u r e ' ' - - W , -ere corruot : ( : ' R '- '. .obert Richa rdso l l ' l l ; , Emer s o :.,' ,L ,. r.. .- , ,I., do!L-. I JLt.~~ .. _. ! I I i - - . ~ - I ~ . UI. I bI,l_ lL ../ .~_.~ J. I J _ ~IJ[I , _" .. l'" ~1,11 . _~~I'~U~~~Th ~f'u l ' F : ' " [ [ ' 1 \ ' kel ] 1 - ' 8 ~ ' ' 6 - - ) " H '... ",-,"['," I- 'l~ _., _.... ,- :.r- ---,,-. ", ".-'-.- '--:'-.~ ~-..I- ~,,,,_- ..,. ~'-il-II' ._ -. ~-:. ,-,_,-..:......~ ,~ ,/.:u.~ on ~R :,..._,er~_ [ e ' ~ [ e y , I,9 9 15 . , P .P , . , 5'o7-010;~ ~ " : 3 ' - '; 1 , ; ; . '._ e now'I'-:C~,_ d , 1" ' ' [ : - :- - .,- - -' , ,- - -,- l'i.. ,~,-: ,,--, . - ; ,1 -, "'~i-:".',--',,.",,] a .. ~ " ,-, ltl....~,~I: ,', ,~ ' b .:..I' ',;.-,t.. 1-' h s ' d ' - ' ~ ' ~ I :- I ' -me . to com ome tneu ltuugl,'tsMt 1lueas 0,1, :..eau ty blat ia _~,.oug- ~ - d ' I ' . ' . ' ' - - N ' ' ~ ~ . . , I " k ' r " " Iaurae tee ,~um,n1.~,_e o : p ~ , a t O , n . l C :vn1ters 1 . c e , . . .rocius,"Beau tv'iil! bemn ' I l 1 . with ,oj;, contrast ben ..reen the analvti .....scien 'C~-[B'iC, of,0 _~.~ _'~l __'[~'~,~ 1't.II'l._ I. AL , _ . I . Q.;]I .. - ~ :~.~. ._I.~.. __ .. -~ll t. _ lll!r. ~ ._,IJ{~ _. ~~ .., , . . ' l . . . . ' . . . . .. . . .Jj. - c, ~ . I " ' - - _ t . ~ . .A ..'b. 0 - '~"'~I['I~, ( r P l n - e " r ' 0 s i t / ]' . , ; , , '" - ) ; r " ~li -. ilttl",,,,'II;i'"'l.tnJ a ' 'n ' ' d ; " - ' ' 1 'ul:e ,mo~~~:rne,I,'p, ,anu Uile [ .C!!LI!lI.ILt j i l! ; ; : i l . . . . \ 1 J . . . : 'L;I iJ!' ( .. , aSt.cJ..uJi.ve.,1 ' [., . ~ .....chemv, At least these earli er studies pl aced man at the cen ter of " , ~ " y . ~,i " . s . _ " . . . _ , _ , . i:l I. _ _' ,.. 1... _ 1__ i i i _ 1 .. , il _ 1.. I " .,th e \vo rld" ,wh,,~~r~'we :k~lO\V'he ouebr to be ..'~'Mlthe elements pour! J . ~ ~ e_ ~_ "_ _ .. ~ e _ e .I J'! _ " _ g _ " _ . ~ _ ~ e ~ _~ ~ ~ _ " " _ ~ ~ " , _f'l!.., ~ .~,. - ,l 'L" - S o ' ;1-' . .. . v h - is t - ' I h ' - ' H - I . . n'~ of"the '~]nod .'.no fin of' thl izn f t n l g d ' u s , ,_ y , s ~ f ! l r _ ;_ _ ~ , ~ e l~ .~ 1 ! e ~ " , O _ (1 1 , .~ . ! J . ~ ~ . : . " J J ~ O 0 . : . : - , , , ,a~"L_I- , ~ , _ r e ~ . , . , , , _ . ' efire; he f e @ 'l e , the antipodes and the pole, as drops of hls blood':d1.e.~rare the' extension [ofhis personallty," (c~ 'V I ., 8 ,,~ ) ..~'Be3,U'~' is

I! ,~~"J'~. ~llrhe form under which the intellect prefers to study the world"lrl':I'l" '1 i f j I ' . 0,0 .). A. 'p:~ ' , - :I~- - - ~ , [ . . J I ;IlI\!,t-~'~--'~ th~0- '][~- ~ 1 : . . . ' t nf e: ~-- _.",~ ["'" fr:~\i',lI, l! -0~d,[,.,J1 .S , , ; , roc_.u~ SUIU, .I . ;S,WUllS on. ~'- -_,e'Jg.l l .~_~tL torms(...i"'"JA"I' 1~' Q ..,1 -. ) 1 in"",.. ... m ,.'s rh ,in I - I . ~ , " i'; i ~ . .. of, I ' ~ b " "it, - ,', d '~ ob,.~.. t- t o " ~_.['i.,,,,,ft,y , I I . J a ~~ , 5 ' . . ' ot;a,U"'i l,~ I,.~.e ~ . 6 " d Q s c u ~ , a ~ _ _ ; o n , = . s u ! J e C!i.,, a n . ' , 0 . c ! J e c .1,[ a . .once a radiance emitted by the perceiver and pajt of the structureof t h : i : n g s , ;

N O : ~ C O I 1 " ~ r . - ~ - r ' ~ ' -m . 'l n ,d i ' E ! ' , O " ' - ! ; ; : : ; ; c . - - " , Q ' ,' : ' n . . . ln '-'F~'I'IV o f the- r e l a t i o n s h ( ~ ' P - b e t w e e ni iI .!l.U, , '! l ... . ~ " , ,I .!ilI U ~ .; J I . r, Id ~A __1'/ ... '-_I~,. . .I,u.'lIi.V ... ~ u ,Ii,. ~ ! !I .. .~ 'tV 1 . . J;.I,beauty and ,s :r re ng tb " be t w - e e : n , b eauty a .o d, e c o , : n o l : m y . , "The cell o , fthe bee is built at that angle which gives the most strength \Yl.thi ; . ' i ! , . . ]~ I , . , . ' i t ; . b o o , th .U f 7 I. b'.'d ., -h -1 ! J . , n C ~,eas:t.'\\!~,;U iL C ~..one or me qUI=, n t ne nrm, gives tne most aiar' . ,_,-: ' . ' -,-: ;-, I-:b :,-:\~I ,~:.[ 1 . : : ' S , - : W',l t, " : 1 - . 'is , - 1 _ , , - - 'I " [ : : . ' - " I ~ : [ : : f l - ','I':.'I_'-'-,_-';-'~strengt ,.~WU~d.rne ieas t "el,gdt .r ,I.~Ide purgation 0 supert11 .... ~, l d . . _Ii'" 'L 1 A n ' 1 II') ( C - " 6 ! ' ' V I . 8 ) . ' T h ' ' . t~ '. '.:u ll l.U . 'C ' S" ,' S tU . ;- l 'f ll J.I ,C ,iie .:'." geo' :., nr~ < , ! [ , - < ' , . , : 1 . 5 ' , 1 " '1 ,.IS a rt 0 . . : . : om r s s i o n]S also the chief secret , of th e rhetorician's :powe'r;, :Sut the' big'be;s ' t[ ! i l ' ; o - r - v ~ ] -r . . , . . b ~' : ' ~ ' a ; U , ' i i v ' f,b i"'1~ ~ra. ' n ' s I - ~ ' ~tro [ ' e " ' D ~-I'~~ld';IU Q w :~ a ~ , ~."_}I'~e ~Q: ' p , T " ' I ' l " p . ~ I r " ; ; " , 0 ' "ii:J~ 1 . l~~ __ .ti '.. _..; , '" II,IU~, 1 ~ -:... ' _ . :J 't.u '., -.[I Jill[ -_1 -: I I 1 Ii . . . . IIJ j _ ~ ~ll_OII.\;. ll_.-:I, ,..,1U ':.~, It.~II ~ < i I I : ' - T h ~ - ~ ~ ' - ~ _, - - ' ~ , '~'~~i~ ":;:' -- ,' .- :- ::_'. ' -. f l~ '~I ' I~d'~1"",~.'L '- ::_ "- '[~ -:[- '-;:_ '-~ '- '~ "- :-- :- -I - ,- ,~ ,: f l ' 1 - , ' [ ' -, h . - ; '- '- - d ," - I :- [d : ' -' ' -, ~ " "u .s " . .:. .~_e :re"re ; laces S'O ~Ulc_ W1UJJ , e 'X .p .r e.sS10n., 80 . I,_IIS I ~ e _ i ln--" np -' 1 _ ' ] - . d : - b - : ' ,-Ii, ;'J~": 'r , _..' -."I f - . : ] ( : : , "]1 '-'" I-'~'( ,:~-,''''".',' [ ',- '_c, '1-, '~I :-' I " ' , d - '~I' ,C [Id- I I-- ,i'i_ '- }-- :' I'i' '-Ih:~.p ,e_ _y t~le p , a y 0 t]()u,g 1 . 1 . , td31. we can d3.t! . I . y ,1,18 " OUt \v un l_ ,eyon, ~ I C ' : - ~'~_~,t_ r-,~i:-~:-',-c-~':-I]'II,"c. .,- = "~.J. (I ; . (- .r~~,!' ., fIf' 0;--, . -.---'\ D..... ., -h., 'r ,- -" -,,:,. [ I" " ' ' - I ' ' - , - ,U,I,ere.1 :eadllr es .rC[BL~. yarc: y't:',,, "I, '0..2 3 1 " ,uc3,U ..., re,m,Olve~ us .,ro m'~'cir.\"'~I:tl " ~ ~ t ~ ' t ; ' k ' 0 ' , - 1 " t . . o - , 1 r ~ n , ' , , " - ~ e _ : : d . I ,a n - " , d ,I , p - I - ' ] j ; ,C ' ' , e ' - s - , 1i ' i1 i~, O J i ' m - , 1 ' ' d - 1 ~'~~h~~t-~~ : t - r ~ ~ - m : , : S '"'~~4f~H~;llg __~ ~WJJI_Ij'.I .. 1 U "I U ._ _.l, .lrR... ~!a .1 W', I Q il!u~a _._ \~J.I!,U:1.' 1 1 ~ C ; u . I~ 'D'''''"I~,.,--,~ht''- ' ' ' ' lh ' ' ' ' e m""o"'m'-"~-l: 't - ; , ' f ' t _ , - ;. ''':.> .''. , ,' " j - t " , f . 1l . . . - - : r . : - " . , . . , ~ , "'it~olil~.,; u.;;::Q.u~J 1 S , _ , , _ . - ' . . 1 . [ ,_~I el.~,_0 . , - - U I i io lQ,I ;U!J, lOU, a~ ~,l !l.ne ,lurm lv.e.f[e Jl.lSIl.-ready 'to f l o , , ' into o d l e r forms" I'G~ VI. S . - l A I ) : [ ~ , '\l~'p....r i - : - - : e '~t ~--'O, .... - loiI! .. I.... I. I 1-. . _ I.. [, .. , [. - \1 J . ~ J I ! " l' ~ . [!!l ._. _ _ .l~. ~ ~Z _ 1_ S . _ .h '~-;C'~l' ] 1 - ' h ' - ' - - ' ~ C'-.'io'-li:"' ~'t,~~~,:~~,~,'!', I d ' " ' , - , -, - :: t :l h - -- :- i l[ , - - .' - ,' ~ ' t - " ,- , " ,. " ' - , , ' , - ~ . ' f l ' " , ~ - , ' " , , ~ ' ' : - T - h ~ .. . . r i ! . . . . -,w'. .l,g,l, ..Y . ~l.a,U~ it. ,r em!lU,S u s[ ,- a . ~we ~ _ OO~,are, _.~ .o 'V ln g~ _ "~ .'eIueau...lc,e':r~1inobjects ,have fo,t us is "the friendly :fire' 'w'bich eX 'pa .nd~ t'be

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thought, and acquaints the prisoner that Uber ty and power awaith im " , ( -~Arl ~ V 1 : ' [ : " " ' 8 " " ' ~' ),1,1m ":[yr'~ '..r "),.9 ,, "On, 6 ,A l! lgus 'r: :18 '56 Emerson 's fifth book , Eng l ,~sh , TraiLs;,w as :pub~1 1,"," I ~ . - ' - " d ,- ~ , 0 ; , - - , ' ''0',...., " , - O J ' -' - - , ,' b P ' : - h t i l ] ~ " ' i - , ,- , , ' d . ' ~ ' S '- " [ - - "'I'''': - , ', - - ,' -- 'I A I - ' ~ r ~ - , ii-I" .d~~,:~!I1 ~ ' -- , -dS,re-,lU D US I~on,"y ,,, lib, ,IpS an r eampson.. " im os t unm e 1 la te ,ltY , ief) ' d ' 0 " ' ] f - - : - . , ' . ' d ' d -k Ii '" C ln'll';riC" 1 '-! jI ,; I,e'--'~ ,,',; :',," lj,'C' '1",:- - r n ' ' - - '] '} ' : :"> ~ '-- ;' i!"''''''_':, \',,' .... 0" ':0" ,'" '- :' ''!I:~', ' ,...'l.ill ,li,. ,III [ .:I, " "I " -. I ' " ' ,-',' '."" " "II, ' , _, " - , -''', ' I ' .~,~ ,=~ __=m_e= a,ga n n __,e===u==_' at a _,pea_,~,e= , _D p_ rncal e ~ent_~av, . - ' i l - : 1 war had brok en " ' " " ' U " ( inv~'" lQ " 1 I ~ bu"';j;f~ u n Pr- '0 ' S 'Iave" ~ , r e v ,an'd' an ' 0 - ~ '" , ,. ,I HR. J~I.._ ._IJ U.I,'V1 - '! Ii i. r ' ~. v1 JI .IL," ~Jl' ~.;]I' _ I.~,IL.,,,'~I~ ... I, ~." :.'", _"~. _- t d, ....I A I, . - ~- 1 . . . : ' , - , c, fi~I -_,t: 0 ' ~ " , ; , . , ' h Qr~ _ ,L - / I d 'e " " , ~ , - , - , , ~ ,, " , , : , , -i " : . , ' ~ " g ' - , ~ ~" - , -- - : - 1 - "~C! ' " ' f th :.',;siavery racuons, y. ,1], IL_,~ eaen :51" c encouragln.:__c eml ,gF ,an~ - . , 0= tneirQ[Wl'\ :party tn setvtb;~in Kansas and so ,belp determine the fate ofthe Territorj; On September , J ! .0Emerson gave, a speech in C am -b " . .J I ' . ' ' . , , d ~ 'F S - - ' ' . ' K a ';orlo,g,eat:a.meetmg to raise mnos ror j::ree State enugrants to ,_, ' IU- 'I , d b h i ~ I ~ " 1 1 'h ,.jjSa.5., _t p~~rove-~to be L : J S 'most muuant an,Us~~.l'leryspeecn to date,

o 1 e- '~

~'Le i_ . --~;[ .Co'iI','[:'['~ ~'2:; '. , l:. ;, .",:tc:l. !:. , , ; [ A ' ~ ' " t h l [ - C : ' - ' ~ ":G:~'~,1 I , g , -~ . :- :; ] ' ;- :- , 'f' '1'7::-:-t~'(:'~~I"~/ ' n --ugeon:l' :U 'I \" ,u 8 S rser ~' mens, - .a ~ 't . .,_ ,go ~ pp,.,,2, ~,2i} ~Emerson attacked the corruption of language 'by 'the "unlversalcant" of :poli't.icaI speecb,; which has ass"ign,ed new m,eani:ng~ 'tol ' "_o~'mO', ' ln 'term Is r " r . R 8 ! ' i r p c < e n ' :':n ~\;'1'w, [~-:"i'1'[i~I['llj~ t is re a llv 'mi~rep.resen f'........,~ _ ~rJI~~~,_, __ .~l IIi.r .-.~~._~-_I! ' ~,g..y~.~I~ _'.~~"If.,,,~,~TU~lr.". ,_~l'~_ ,~_. '-~IIir~-'-',l _.__ ..JI_ ~ r" ~~ ,_,U",~ '_ ~,~~:rP' ~ ~ : ~ ' : I ~ : o ' f I I n -'~I[!' "lli " '0- [n ~ p - : : . ' r -~t.l :CV' ' e . g ' ~, - - a - l n - ~ st t- h p' ~ ' ~ O ' - [ : r - : i i " L:.,,",F'n~[ ' S ' t - . . : i ; ' ~ ~ , i ! '- W ' -' , ' ; h - :l"lrh- th,,",",::1:"~ Ii U"ilillrI:V. IL_~U ~ . " ! il ! ,1 , " ,1_1 Ii-'._[I' t ,: _" _ :__ ,I - 'II .. i;J. ~ -_, ;~, ,~," .. "", ltJ:l!\.;. J. ,I ', ~ '," btc"~1~"" '" . .. ., ,1IwI,., '_, ,,.,..Northern States are to have the' privilege of payin,g for, nAdding'new slave territorv to the Union is ~,e n la ~'n p ' th : e e re a ( } _ , : ' ' / i r e e dc J ' T l t " '

I~ ~ ~I ~ ~ ~

l E A ' - : ' 'I'])" '1- '1 , q'~ A '" ' I ~ 'least t h e bloody ' ' I ' J ' ' ~ ' n [e"J;'il' w a r "'j;'r"]j,~' In ' .'5II,ll"'~ln"'g people h''Ii1\"-:_;" ,.,~ ,.,.Il,,~IJ.~' '-:_0l',,1~.ft.ii]! ,I]. ,"'. _ [1 .. 0.._,::.,~_,..~~I 01' '"g~ LIa=~, ':_.: , , ' , 1 . , " ,1111,M' h 1 h ~ f f h. d d' '., ~IM ],~~ ,a s sacLuseu : siose tneir rear O'~ anarc ny anu c ns uruon. , ,_.J as SU IC_lU .-setts in ~,~;to u, -r,-~".. d l . . v had n " n ~~j''!I;C'F- f " ' D : I ' m ' ; ' '-'rn't-~,I,:!"jj; ~ " " I n - ' , anarchv," he.;H.._ ~ , I I , " .ilL:) ne..(U,I!I;."'[,ai,-"liI:.", ,u' g'u'\e' ), ,I, ien =noS a I" alii.' !l''!i..-,I"lIi~ :,:II',~,reminded his hearers, "and there W , 3 S no breach of :peace fromC - : ,','C', - - ~ ': :C , - . . , . d c ' ~ " ~ , ? v l " I [ n i t H ~ - ' o: - 'sac" ( RAW 1 I ~"-)',a.pe ..v_'l.O ~ .>_OU-'= ,~, ,'_ o,sa _- ,___ '_ :_~~_~['~ '= !_) , .'On 2') November 1 8 r r " " o he read a new' lecture entitled "The,-" .'" "0- ,m _ - e r , - !l,.- "- ,-,'. -, ",--- ., - ,),"",,~,.,,',Conduct of' Life" in New ' 'Haven; Connecticut, then :n:~~pea, led.iti - ' P " h , " " I - '- " d ; , - ' I I , o f : ' ' 8 : " " - - j" ',_" , ;,-', R '- ' " } - ( ' " 't - ' - . - . C ' " ~ ' ' - - ' ' ' I - : ' ' ' 1 '1 ,1 , ' , ; " C li' :' 1 "I - , ~ -, dln" ,1, : : l / ,e .I J .'p lna~ , , "yracuse, ,oc,le,s!"e,l~


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.His.ltJrlad . lntroauct ionbr eak up im m oveab le routine , clea r d~e ground o f r-otten. r acesand dens of 'd:-I:;oCt'-m'-'~'[- an d o~n~n ~ f:~~':'rtr~1Ioi'l +0'" nA'lU' men~.I.:. i~, :. j_.~~, ... ~ I'__:' .I_._,~ .:[~\I_ .. -Ir-"~"_" ~ ;. :, I.~ I.... ..: , r . ~ , L o . Q ..l'QI~.l JI~ ... I , , -_ J '1. 1.,'-.' ,";,.~"r,1 J.~Ii_.I'-rl 1"Ii, il, ~ iiiThe sharpest evi ls a r e ben ,t, ~ : n , i t , o - th-~, ' f oeriodicitv W . - ',I}"~lr:~11~.~'.-:,Q~I ' , . " ~\IIHc;iI ..: I: , ~" II!.f '" ,~,~ ,n~ l/C,_ ~~ ,~,~~,~. ,_I~,~, .F~~ ~ ~_~~~~I _-e '~ ~ _ ~;I,_. ~~~ g~~3the errors of p la ne ts , a nd she fevers and d i s t empe r s 0 m e n, s e lflimiting'. Nature is upheld by an tag onism ~ (,~ 'VI'~". 8) ~[Th e s e 'l aws n p e - " ' - ' rate in hist o ..rv '';'1


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,His,i tni 'ctJl 'Introductionlion of ' T h e Ctnia1'u:t f ! f 1 ; '; ' le : ~A s , a, boy iu cellege t Emerson proba-b ly ow ed to Pla to h is :fi:rs ,tno tion o f the sbadowy and deceptivecharacter of events and exp eriences , ,es ,p e(;b dJy to ~h,eimage ofth e C alve in th e R epub lic" T he though ts o f 'P 'la ,to led him in l a terye.ars to their' remote source' in, the Hindoo Scriptures" (~'Vl.~,4,25)~0,0 the 5U't!jrec:[ o f illus io n th e Hindu scriptures wer e subtlerth Pl Th ~ ~ 1" bi 'b- M.' ( " ' 1 ] " ' \1 _ - I ' I , a ' O _-:,ato~-,--.~__e mnma t e retanonst ap between .'.~,aya ..1.. USI.on,and Brahma (the divine energy) means that a s : i n g l e ' . , irreversiblecon 'Vendo:n .~xp - : - :erien o r " ~ ' from ('llta, d . ; - , 0 : " " , " " , . ' e r ro r [ - : 0 ' - . ', 1 ~ ' 1 -' 1 0 . ':ml-'ii'~ll"':lIt1t'\'iJ.a......~ 1 ' ~ t 1. . '1- _= - - = _= __ =~ __ I - = = . .. _ = . .. ... . =,1, iL ,..,,[ ,11 ... _.", w iL,'_ , . ,.. .JUl ~' .. .Ii ,tIi' U~ ,is impossible in this ''lurId,. The Hindus 'believed that truth ,~~wedded to iU,us i ,on,at every l evel ofexistence, a s in the pa rab le o fthe reciprocal evolution of Vishnu and :Uaya, in "Fate ..l"! ~n "Illu..s ions ~ E m erson reminds ' U a c 5 that "Yog 'in and:r a, th e ' goddess of :ill:u--sion" (a, personification of :Maya) "is stronger 'than, the Titans."stt-om.g'e~f 'than Apollo ....'.'"There are' : 8 1 5 mlany pillows of illusion asflakes, in a" snQW" " Smrm, W e wake f ro 'm, one dream into- another'dream" .(;CM t VIIl '. " c c 8 : ) 1--- _ - - -- ", - - -J' - -:J' Q~_ C"""Illusions" 'begins 'with memories of' a journey ,through, a realcave-the ~sixor eight black miles" of M"am:motb 'Cave in Ken-tucky~whi.ch Emerson had tta'VtJ1iled on, his first Mid,weste ' ' fu lee-rure tour in 1 . 8 , 0 0 , . ~I lost the light ofone da:yr.I: saw high, domes"'a nd, b o ttom l es s pits,: hea rd, th e vo ice of 'unseen waterfalls; paddled,three quarters of a. m ile in the d e - ep Ec be ' iD":\~e-:r:' - w " ho,(:,,Q, wate rs are.:':'-"~"---- ,_-~,~ '--'-'- -'--'!"~'-'_:_'~-':'_ ~-'~- ~-'- ... l- . "'= ....'...'._,_.,!N"T".,=:~, ,_"J.,,;.-.~. ",,~J,' ..~A,',pe op led 'w ith the blind fis h :; '. .' '.'salY e,ve:ry : 0 ,1 : -[n. of ,stalagn:dte and.stalactite in the sculptured and. fretted cbambers;,-icic[e~ o: range- 'f lo ,we ' r~acanthus, g rap e s " and ,snow ban~ " (:~ Vl, g~.3)..Specks inth> a ; ceilin (fI' onth~e '~I~ o u ' s: S ta r- C ha m.iber 'I ' oo ke d 'I '~ke 'a :"~'I~:,:,thic k"- . ,'I ,. .;, .. ... ,iL!h .itiI uJJ. '_ 14.U-ilu_.. . ~ ..~\n ~'. _''-..... -'v..~-,_,,1 _ " , '_ _ ~~y - ' ;o t . ~ 1 , _ - ' ,with, StafS 'Wh,f'O ilium inated by a ray from the' guide 's single half-'bidden lamp, The beautiful U1us:i,on reminded hjm of the' ' wayim 'aginat i ,on projects, its aw n heavens throughout l ife, ~e five byour ima,glna:ti.o:rJJs" ~y our admirations, by our sentiments" ('CI'VI,t ' 9 , . , , " > ' " ' T he ' c h i l d w -alks a m id fa ntas ie s and does no t want them,disturbed; 'the' boy feeds his imagination, with heroic tales, "Theman. lives to other 0bjects~hut who.dare' :affirm that theyare nu)refe ,a I? Eve n the' :p,rotic'of 'the streets is ,full 'O f refractions. I'll the life0 ,' th e drea "r'~,;tl~:~'aI d e .rm an f':lI'n .C11ente rs in to " ] I , " U "d etailS' - ' - p- nd ....,~,Ic::--:_'_ U:1. u....'. . ,",,-",;n,,... , . . iL.,. .. ,I,,itA, ~.J 'L, ,~,il i . 1 ! < ,1.. 1 1 , ; 1 , . 0, IlL,ud. ,a ,I, ,CO o,r,sthem'mth r o . . s y hue" (~' Vl:~9" '7), ,



38/49

Hisiorieal h trodu aion.Illusions are radia tiOIU;, from ourselves, endlessly generatedand endle s s ly disca rded, T rans cenden tal ph i l o sophy cUlgbt ' U s " t o[reate : spa ,ce and time as s imp l y f o rm s of thought~ and the rna-

terial world as hypothedcal ~But thoughts themselves "are 'notflnalities; 'but the' incessant fl .OlViug and ascenslon reach thesea l so , and e,Q,cb, thougb t 'wbicll yeste:rday was a f i : n a J t t : y ! , to-day I syield:h.l,g [0a larger generalization" I ( c ~ \ 1 1 : , ' g I ~l4l'.'Our on l. y an-chor "3m" " I ' l ' ~ d 'I ' I i' '1 - Q ~ _ billows ' ~ I ' I ! ' fidelitv toI first , " p c - , n C _ ' ~ l n " l - o : " " ~ E : < " p " " l : ' e , ;ji!'~ ~~S'~,1ilaiiJI,'t.,""~e 1 1 ' 0 ' i " U ' ~.,,', n" _, ,IL~,b:;,on::, ,~iII. l~'T"" , r,:]I' II , IlL" ~''''J it: . ",,' 3 I : . . , . . . '! L " , , " . . 131~ I Jlb,.;]O_1'i. aa< I i' . .',thin~'k"',bew ha tvou are 'p:'~;\r ' I ' ;o'~n' debts ( ) f : . ' ( - , - , 1 1 kind SI'~ ' (.IGW"V]: g.-",I " 7~' ' ' ),! j . J : ='-c~ - ~~ '" = = ' " l--~-~.",~\(IIl-J J' - ''-~ - ,,,,",- 1;4 - da~ -=--, ,-""-J' " t.~,' - , e- "]'f it is our d e s w . 1 i . y to be 31' ' '~y5,deluded, we' stlll nUl,y choose thecharacter of the deception ~as the Persians have poin ted out:Q F I j " ~ o , ~ , 1 I e : d ' , .t h o u ~ 'm :n u ' : r ; t ' b~, e " . thoueh w i s e s t ofth e ' i I I~ '~~;C; :~ ' ' T ~ ; ~ ] i o ~ n ~ :b e t h e ' 0 . ' . , . : . . .0. . . .1 1, v. _. J J _ _ . _ . , ' " _ " _ . J , . ~ . _ ._ " J IL. I _ IbI,~_ ,. '"';I"b~ _~v . . IJ . _ . ~ H,I;_~I!I , '11.11~ " _ ~ ~_I.~,_ ,11 __~of'virtue, not o f v.j1 c 'e 'n '(l~ 'V1~'9 , ,20) . ,Such adv ice seemed tlm e ly ' ]n 'vilelY of the' nation ' s worsen ingfinancial conditiou. The Panic: nf ,1.85,7'~which had ' heg~u,nIn Au-gust" made the " ,so l:id men ,~,of Bestou, New Yor:k, and Loudondiscover that their "hirh erto unquestionable T."-,.~',,,r have boeeome~ .~~~ U~,A' ._~._ ..~= ~~ ~. ~ ~!I!.-~. ..=. _. ~"_I,VI .H .. , I] . . g,OQ.(;l.~ [[[IJR't' ~ eCVIILIL,~~,rotten.straw," as ~Enlerson wrote to his Aunt ~f:ary~~&. tile O'bSCUF-e s t. c re a tnre that is h o ne st, &; l ives ' 'tyithin, ( , ( l , rn,pass , is grown an 0IF~ecl of r,esp,~ecl.~ -(, L ~ ,' V , . 'C,11.'-f)'2)'. 'U\ri.o,Q.'\vithln comp a . s " w,a s g row ing~, , ti ~ ~ = ~, .more diffleult for him, since the' Panic meant that hls s h ares, ()fra ilro a d. s to ck , :fail!cd, ' 1 1 0 vie ld th eir usual dividend, E 'ar )v ' ] U 18,~'8J J ~he wrote to his financial adviser and friend, Abel Adams: "Imustpatch up m y' housekeeping, then, with a course .o f lectures inBo.:strm, o I " " ' . . . .:tmI onth and trv to..~.l:i\f'ewithout the Cornoration s" I ( ' . l ~ " .: :0 tv_, ~" - ' ; i ! ! I ; o ~ , _ _ _ _ ' - ' ~ " _ II, ~,,,"' . _,~, ~~ "" ",' ~'clI'" " " " l L , t,,,,, ~_!IV,". ~,""IIL"',I,gL JI , " '~ ., ',,'-"';IiV~~l6)'.'The success of E{Jtgl ish ' l' ra it s 'm ade 'him, think of turn i :ng 'hiso ld '~Co : n.d :u ,c to f Life" Iectures ioto a boo~k. ,In October 1858 hewrote to his brother ',Y'iUia:m'"'iii am u m in g ' " . .' to, oubllsh mv 'Cond .I . ' t~~~-~.I~.,., , ,~- ~~.. ~, ~,. ,~,,_ ,. , ~l,~,'. ~'~,!l~~.jL ~1., ,,, Y ~ ~ . UC"o f Life' this autumn or winter, but it is ,not 'yet ready" (L, V ~ I'1 u a ) ~He added ,ne~~f'l' e-ntrles 1 1 1 " 0 ' : ] hisjoumal 0']'" the old ' r - : -m'rl~:""-I'ij"themes ,, _ ..... iJ!I;~"_il ~ ~ ~ _, ~~ ![ '\ i ~ ~ ~ I" ~""J!l!_ ,1iI,iI,,'" _'Ll ,l.IIu,1 _",I ILl ,'!i.., ~" ,Ita" lltiLI .. ,e;,mes---~ ~fa te , :poW tel '~weal th, culture,'Io the eigln essays, he ,a'l:r-eady :had, be added 3 " new o ne 'i ' " Be ha v-Ior," to be in se rte d b e'tw c ic 'O .~'Cu:~tu. r ,e '~! 'and ~o'nihip',,~ It \ V3S , ba s edup on, a le ctlllf'C en tided ~Manners," 'w,lll!ch he' had 'first r - e ! , j u : 1 l mBoston on, ~o ,Apr.~~1.85 1 9 as the fifth lecture in a. private series en...,titled ~L aw s o f Success,~He repeated ~'M:annersnc ' igh.teen mere

times on a stI"e:li1UOUSm . l l ter lecture trip that took him as far west

lvii l

Co p yP "g h te d ma te ria


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Histo,r i 'cal ' Introduct ionthough a '[rue hero; must have '~ :105t .h ~ I . 5 head" (L, V , 1. "8) tolaunch a private raid, : a g , a i n st a fe de ral arsenal in, a s 1.3!V 'estate, Ne~~..e rth ele ss , Em e rs on spoke a t a : N ovember IB 'me1eti;n,gheld in, the~ T ' - - 'r - i~ m - - : - I C " " O : - :nt Temple (-0": collect re- : I - ; , e { "for B r . .o..wu'-,:;~ w , , ( t ' : ' : - - a n d c h l l d " - - - , - -~>. ~,~ ~'_'___:,,~~,~,~~[~:_,~,=,,_:- .._:,~., "."~ ... J1::'_ '~!Iir ~!.l_'l _I J i} !." " .'\ 11.... _." ' 1' ~ . II.JL/e ,a.1 , . " - ' , CI , I_ l " . - r.eni"and a,g ,a in at a. Concord service held 0 :0 2 Decem ber ],85g~1theday o:fBrown's execudon in Virgi l 'D_ia,. I : n January of 1 . 8 6 0 he an-S\~ered 'Wende,l[ Pbilnp5~S'urgent r,eq.uesl 'that he speak a , t t auotherme .a'I]:':fi,tl' for the r e l i e f o f 8 " r o - ' - ' ~ ' f I : " I I ~ ~ I C ! 'familv B r o w n '~;Q' c o u r a g e !,~, , . . , ' l . . I I - : - -, . ",,-, "I, ill0' .iL .v . - ...... " 'I.,dll, '--1' 'U'" - '" .1iI, , . . , .Q , J i . ! t- , : ;" ' ,_J.. U - .I . ,_ ' il!;..-VU - -- ' _ _, . ' 'II,." lilJi, Il,!U.e:fi\(,e lof death m ad.c' Em e rs on think again o f t:be ' cowardice of liter-ary men, He' recalled that 10.Bonaparte's 'Egyp dan. c am pa ign, "theprofessors B e [he' as ses were ordered to the ce ntre ..'' ' 'The strong'Mll alone can, convert perception into "unquenchable fire," Vthohas .s uch a " ,lU .? "One m ay s ay boldly ' that no :013n has a clear per -cepdon 0 a n y . ~ 'truth w b o has ' r- I ,Q , . . . . b e en re acte d on b - ' : : - : , y , ' ~ r .s o as to be~ . _. y,~U.ll _~ . ~ ,~,~"~. . ! I ! r I, I ,~:g~[~!\.r' .. . I , . .' , 1 1 1 L ~ . . ~ . ., ' ':. .its martyr" ( JMN~ XI\l~,337)~He later added a version of this sen ..tence 'to "Fate" (La,wrenC!e Buell, "Emerson 's Fate, H' in E m e r : s m ~ i a - nC i ' r c u - s lJ , edi ted by 'Wes ley T o O Mo-t t and Robert :E" ,Burkholder [ Roch -ester, 'l'997]:~ ' P ' 21; cf~~. V 1 : ~ . ~ ~3'9)"In 'November 1859~ Emerson signed a, contract ~th his newpublishers .. Tickn 0 ' - ' : 1 ( ' "]j'~1li .F~1~1'd':s for ~,Ls' ,r"'().;i:"' .. . .f~~O,,\ji. nil . ' f 1 ~ ( J - - - .0-1f I i 1 l 1 " 6 , : :'" . . - " - - ~ , ' . I l L . ! i l l , . ,iL'I;., '. , '..' ~Ji.dJi. , , . . _ _ _ 1 : . . . :to J I J _ ' J : ,1~D ~,IW~ .....\!l;.c1,l " " J '~J'~.' '._~ , I , = ._Ma'f"ch ~ 1 .86o~ he sent a pa rtia l tab le of contents (0 'V\rilUa.:m'T'" kn :TL. ' 1 " , ' , '1..1 d " h _ ' . tl f~h C . f - - : - ' 'Tl.1 C : 1 .~. i. i or, .'-.I,I.e.1St m cum eo [_:,e uties O ~ _ : tne nrst seven essays O~ ,l neConclucl ' o f , l J l e "Fate" thl',ough '~Co n.s id.e ' rn:I i .ons 'by t the W ay ft_ .,though Emerson 'warn ed, Ticknor that, the li:stwas l ikely 'to change:(',:L ' 1 -X- ].'iI:J-l.AI -)'"- ' - 8 ' : : ' : y . ~ Mar c h q4 - th-:~nub lis he rs w ro te to t - _ _ 'Il 1 J , . , '1 m I., - :.I i' , -:, .[J ="':l'~ . ',- ,...=1P_' ~== ,,;;0 ., .~ ~ _-.... .Jr'-'~':;;,o, ~ -"-',Ii. ~ n,Ii,' Il!.' it,. . """,.U ,I,ll" .. ,that th irty -s ix p a ,g -e s .o f the book were already " ca s t~-that is, ste-: r ,eotype plates, had bee n m ade from, t,be se t . type-and that theyawaited his return, of more' corrected page proofs (~. V~,2 :2',3.....:2 , 2 ;4~n ~ ] I ,t l' i) ' .'He did not. find it eia. .~ 'to com p le te the book, describinghimself in . a le tter to M-onc:-u.re:C ' onwa f on 6 Jun,c' 1860 : a 5 1 "h tm tedby- p r i _ n : r e ' f : s \ , , ' ~ 'He complained that his "dulness & in,capaci ' ly at ~ L " O - rk" exceed ed "JI~"':' experience 'O; ' { - ' fear he h ad 0 ' - " - : ' -it, H I : _ : : ~ added -'n "~ . AIb.~L;. }L, dJj,I.1' ~. ,~'~ , ,b,,,b~ '~'.,", I,I~o I.~. !~;'. .', [I.I! ,',' ~ ,Q ... '. _~I._ ' : I irn,efuUy: "They rsay~the ostrfch hatches her e,gg by s tanding off &,' Joo ,k i~ga t it, and that is my' p re s ent s ecr-e t of' authorship ~ ( L " 'V ,,2:20--2'2 I) .,The ~orghip J;' chapter gave him 'particular' trouble, ..Inj u 11 l ' h ' .~ b : a d t- ' 0 : b ' e g ' . ' _. . T ; ,J'c k ~ 0 : - r - t..,. I : ~ ' ~ ' h ' i m I revi Ooili!; ' . ' ; i L - - ~ 'p : , r l o - ' : o : C I : ' ! ' , , , , . . , . n ; i : ! i . m , "1'- 0 : , ' r -. ~ ,, . I , . ,~ti '.'a.' J ' ' " . ,' .1 _~,Jl ".' , 'LU ,~I:".I. .. , ~.''I',I.r~ U.IL~ ! : , " . _ ' . . ,1.'.~y, ,~ L S '.' I~

'I , .. iL),U,



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Hi'stt)ricll~l. lntrodu'ti{jntime before the pa,ges 'were :fiuaUy east (L, V~~2 :23 ) . ,He had tostI 'uggle to ,g e t ,a.Uof ' the cOPY'to his publishers ~" the deadlinethev h a d set 0 ' ; " :c tnl'ie'r 'ItAil' ~I~~., _l'~...tI .' ~.!! ... ~ _" ',,~-,~~_.if ..: _"', -,: ' 'I!At some polo [;"Beauty' and "Illusioas" were added to the' sevenessa,~namedin the March 1 1 . 6 table of contents, "Illusions," :38 :it

had, appeared i1 :1 T h e , l l , t /ant ic M f ! ) , 7 d h l " ,ended. with th e c)o'Uplct o fPersian poetr y ur,giin,g Us , to be fools o f virtue, no t o f vlce, Em e r -~)ll now' added to '~nhlS:ion.s'~~'a :final paragraph adap ted fro 01anentr~;'v'~~m.a'd ' e in 'J ' iourn3 ' 1 ' 1 ; C , . . : 0 : - , ( . ~ r M ' _ ' N . ' X ' :I ' ~ S : : , . ' ] j ) ' : in M ' a -', ;1 : J l S , r , ; r, m i t isa",iii, ') ,u,.......n .. -~ ., '"iv,,--"-,,_t , - J " " - , . , , .; ; } =. - e.;'I' - D= ' - ,,] Piobrief fable written , short ly ' after Ills 'firs:( d,elivery of the' ' ''A ddre ss tothe Ch:iz,cns of Concord' on the fugitive slave law~"There is nochance, and 0:0 an;archy~in the' iLtn.iv~:rse,..All :iss y s t J e ' l : f l an d grads-tion, 'Every god is still there si ,uing' inhis sphere," The young mor-tal comes into the' ban and finds hlmself alone 'Wi,tbthe' beckon-ing gods, 'w h o s bcnve ':r him \Ylith gifts. Suddenly he is beset '~JsnowstoriilS of illusions. Lost in a " v ,a s t ( :.ruwd; baffled, and, hew'll..dered, di-tracted 'til.- 'voungmortal believes he ' must do as the-It: ._. , , 1 . s . _ _ _J~ - Ie J ._.I ,__ ' ,.. , - ,~ . , _. .. . ,I. , I .... ._ ~ ... ~ _,c r owd does , But th e gods of h i s ear:ll.'est intui dons , 'have neverabandoned, hnn. '\Yileu the hubbub dies down, fo r a moment he's e e s them , sHU s l , t , ' t J i n g ' a round h im on their fhro;n.e~,~they' :a:lo:ne'with him a_~one~.(.CM! VI 9' 9' I ) ' " ,I. _, , __ 1 .. ,_ I.,... ." _ - : I i , _ ,~l ,r--:" . ~ ,

T h e CQnd~'lc t o f ', L i f : s 'w ; tu j 'Pub lis hed on. 8 D e cem b er l,86o~1 .0 a firstprl.l1tin,g of 2 '1 '500 copies; three more :p rinling s, w er-e ' issued b e ' f o : F ' C '..,t...~.. ',- d . r ; ' ' 1 1 1 8 , 6 A ' , " L ' .> - d ' - ! " ' i i J o ; \ " th :.',:iI."j~ .- d 'i ' : t c ' i - , . ( . . - ' , . " . , ' " " . - , t " ' l " ' . ' " ~ ' E ' - '"tneen .-or .I,: 0 ...'" on on ,t-I.U" "o r s , e ',_I,don meaning ,la.~,,"m-e r son would derlve rovalties from it

The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson- The conduct of life By Ralph Waldo Emerson- Barbara L....

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Transcript of The Collected Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson- The conduct of life By Ralph Waldo Emerson- Barbara L....