THE COLD WAR1945-1990

KEY TERMS CONTAINMENT IRON CURTAIN SATELLITE NATION IDEOLOGY SUPERPOWER ARMS RACE TRUMAN DOCTRINE MARSHALL PLAN BERLIN AIRLIFT

HUAC BLACKLIST McCARTHYISM KOREAN WAR 38th PARALLEL PEACEFUL

COEXISTENCE

ROOTS OF THE COLD WAR Before World War II, Americans feared

communism. The U.S./Soviet Union Alliance was only out of

necessity. Stalin and U.S. Military Officials often argued

over strategy.(Stalin wanted an invasion of Europe before 1944)

Both competed to build the atomic bomb first.

EAST-WEST SPLIT TWO SUPERPOWERS: UNITED STATES

AND SOVIET UNION U.S.: DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC/FREE-

ENTERPRISE CAPITALISM SOVIET UNION:

COMMUNISM/TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIP

UNITED STATES PRESIDENTS: HARRY S. TRUMAN (1945-1952) DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER (1953-59) JOHN F. KENNEDY (1960-63)

SOVIET UNION

LEADERS: Joseph Stalin (1928-1953) Nikita Kruschev (1955-1964) Lenoid Breshnev (during 1970’s)

THE IRON CURTAIN FALLS ON EUROPE

CAUSES OF THE COLD WAR-Soviet Union refuses to live up to wartime promises.- United States makes efforts to stop spread of Communism.

GERMANY DIVIDED

Agreement from the Yalta and Potsdam Conference

Zones of Occupation:-British Zone-French Zone-U.S. Zone-Soviet Zone

THE SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

Stalin justified control of Eastern Europe to defend the Soviet Union from historically common attacks from Germany.

Stalin instilled communist governments in many of the Eastern European nations.

America feared that Western Europe was next.

TRUMAN AND CHURCHILL Truman:“Unless Russia is

faced with an iron fist and strong language, another war is in the making.”

Churchill:“From Strettin in the

Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”

U.S. POLICY ON COMMUNISM

CONTAINMENT (created by American diplomat George F. Kennan)

TRUMAN DOCTRINE (1947):$400 MILLION AID TO GREECE/TURKEY

MARSHALL PLAN(1948-1951):$13 BILLION AID TO RECOVERING EUROPEAN NATIONS

COLD WAR POLITICAL CARTOONS

CRISIS IN BERLIN Berlin was divided

into four zones just as Germany.

Democratic zones developed and a communist zone, under Soviet control, developed.

SOVIETS BLOCK TRAFFIC June 1948 Stalin

ordered the blockade of all roads, railroads, and river traffic into West Berlin.

Citizens were cutoff from food and supplies.

TRIMAN ORDERS BERLIN AIRLIFT

Air strips were not blockaded.

U.S. plan to airlift supplies into Berlin.

7,000 tons of supplies were lifted daily.

Airlift last until May 1949

May 12, 1949 Stalin ordered the blockade lifted

NEW ALLINANCES

NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization- new military alliance to secure democratic nations (April 1949)

WARSAW Pact: military alliance with the communist countries of eastern Europe (1955)

SECOND RED SCARE

Soviet Union develops Atomic Bomb in 1949.

Increases the concerns for many Americans and fear of communism

Communism spread to China when Mao Zedong seized control of China.

FIGHTING COMMUNISM AT HOME

House Un-American Activites Committee (HUAC)

Investigate mostly communist activities inside the United States.

Most famous investigation was Hollywood Ten

MAJOR SPY CASES Alger Hiss, 1948-

placed communist in government positions.

Klaus Fuchs, 1950- sent atomic bomb info to Soviets.

Ethel and Julius Rosenburg, 1951- passed military secrets to the Soviet Union

McCARTHYISM Tactic of spreading

fear and making baseless charges that government officials were communist.

Senator McCarthy accused many government officials of being communist.

THE KOREAN WAR

1945 Yalta Conference: Allies agreed to divide Japanese occupied Korea along the 38th parallel.

Communist North Korea/Democratic South Korea

Goal was to reunify the two nations.

THE CRISIS BEGINS June 25, 1950 100,000

N. Korean troops invaded S. Korea.

President Truman felt that the U.S. had to take a stand against Communism.

North Korea captured the capital city of Seoul.

TRUMAN ORDERS ACTION June 30 Truman

orders ground troops into South Korea with the support of 15 other nations.

Forces were under command of General Douglas MacArthur

MAC ARTHUR COUNTERS

U.S. forces countered the North Koreans with an invasion at Inchon on September 15th 1950.

By October 1st South Korea was back under control.

North Korea responded with Chinese military forces.

THE END FOR MAC ARHTUR

By 1951 Mac Arthur wanted to expand the war into China and use atomic weapons.

This is where Truman and Mac Arthur differed.

Mac Arthur openly challenged the President.

Truman fires Mac Arthur in April 1951

FIGHTING ENDS IN KOREA Truman’s efforts

for a peace treaty failed.

Eisenhower wins 1953 election.

Korea looked as it did before the war.

37,000 American troops died.