The Civil WarThe Civil War

Home Front HardshipsHome Front Hardships

p. 354 - 358p. 354 - 358

War changes the War changes the economyeconomy The war brought economic change.The war brought economic change.

Farmers were encouraged to plant more Farmers were encouraged to plant more corn and wheat for the war effort. corn and wheat for the war effort.

Texas opened small factories in Austin Texas opened small factories in Austin and Tyler to manufacture cannons and and Tyler to manufacture cannons and ammunition.ammunition.

Other factories made much needed items Other factories made much needed items such as wagons, ambulances, blankets, such as wagons, ambulances, blankets, shoes, tents, cloth, and saddles.shoes, tents, cloth, and saddles.

Shortages Make Life Shortages Make Life DifficultDifficult The Union blockade of Confederate ports The Union blockade of Confederate ports

stopped many goods from reaching the South.stopped many goods from reaching the South.

Clothes, manufactured in the North, Clothes, manufactured in the North, disappeared from the stores. disappeared from the stores.

Getting coffee and tea was nearly Getting coffee and tea was nearly impossible.impossible.

Texans used substitutes for tea; one recipe was Texans used substitutes for tea; one recipe was made of peanuts, okra, barley, corn and sweet made of peanuts, okra, barley, corn and sweet potatoes. potatoes.

Salt, baking soda, and paper were also Salt, baking soda, and paper were also scarce.scarce.

Shortages Make Life Shortages Make Life DifficultDifficult Civilians often had to do without Civilians often had to do without

medicines and hospital supplies because medicines and hospital supplies because they were needed on the battlefield. they were needed on the battlefield.

Quinine, an imported drug for fighting Quinine, an imported drug for fighting malaria and other fevers, could not be malaria and other fevers, could not be obtained.obtained.

The shortages of all items became worse The shortages of all items became worse as large numbers of refugees fleeing the as large numbers of refugees fleeing the Union armies came to Texas. Union armies came to Texas.

The Civil War EndsThe Civil War Ends For four years the armies of the South fought For four years the armies of the South fought

against great odds.against great odds. The North had more soldiers, more money and The North had more soldiers, more money and

more factories making war materials. more factories making war materials. On April 9, 1865, General On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

surrendered to General surrendered to General Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant at at Appomattox CourthouseAppomattox Courthouse in Virginia. in Virginia.

Within weeks Confederate President Jefferson Within weeks Confederate President Jefferson Davis was captured, and the remaining armies Davis was captured, and the remaining armies in the South surrendered. in the South surrendered.

The Civil War EndsThe Civil War Ends The last battle of the Civil War took place on The last battle of the Civil War took place on

May 13, 1865, at Palmito Ranch, near May 13, 1865, at Palmito Ranch, near Brownsville.Brownsville.

Confederate forces led by John S. Ford Confederate forces led by John S. Ford defeated a Union force trying to invade the defeated a Union force trying to invade the mainland from Brazos Island. mainland from Brazos Island.

The Texas troops had not yet received word of The Texas troops had not yet received word of the war’s end.the war’s end.

The end of the war marked a turning point for The end of the war marked a turning point for Americans. They faced the task of rebuilding Americans. They faced the task of rebuilding the nation.the nation.

The Civil War EndsThe Civil War Ends More than 600,000 Northerners and More than 600,000 Northerners and

Southerners died. Southerners died. This number almost equals the number killed in This number almost equals the number killed in

all other American wars combined. all other American wars combined. The North’s victory meant the Union had been The North’s victory meant the Union had been

preserved.preserved. It also brought the end of slavery.It also brought the end of slavery. During the war President Lincoln had issued During the war President Lincoln had issued

the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing the Emancipation Proclamation, freeing enslaved people in the Confederate States. enslaved people in the Confederate States.

The Civil War EndsThe Civil War Ends Lincoln did not live to see all the slaves freed. Lincoln did not live to see all the slaves freed. The Thirteenth Amendment – which abolished The Thirteenth Amendment – which abolished

slavery – was not ratified until late 1865, after slavery – was not ratified until late 1865, after President Lincolns assassination.President Lincolns assassination.

He was shot and killed 5 days after Lee’s He was shot and killed 5 days after Lee’s surrendered by John Wilkes Booth, an actor surrendered by John Wilkes Booth, an actor who believed he was helping the Confederate who believed he was helping the Confederate cause. cause.

As Southern armies surrendered, the state As Southern armies surrendered, the state government collapsed.government collapsed.

The Civil War EndsThe Civil War Ends For some weeks Texas had no state For some weeks Texas had no state

government. government. Lawless armed bands roamed the Lawless armed bands roamed the

countryside.countryside. Order was restored only after President Order was restored only after President

Andrew Johnson appointed Andrew Andrew Johnson appointed Andrew Jackson Hamilton provisional governor in Jackson Hamilton provisional governor in June 1865.June 1865.

Now Texans faced the task of rejoining Now Texans faced the task of rejoining the Union. the Union.