The Civil War: Chapter 11

Confederate Union

Make a T-Chart

• Union strengths and weaknesses. • Confederate strengths and weaknesses.

Key Figures of the Civil War: Union

Abraham Lincoln:President of the U.S. during the

Civil War. 1st Republican

president in history.

Ulysses S. Grant: Assumed

command of entire Union army in

1864. He defeated the South and

accepted Robert E. Lee’s surrender at

Appomatox Courthouse. 18th president of the

U.S.

William T. Sherman: Union general who

took command of the western forces. His capture of Atlanta in

1864 signaled a Union victory was near. He is most

remembered for his “march to the sea,” in which he burned and destroyed southern

cities and railways in an effort to disrupt the

Confederacy.

Key Figures of the Civil War: Confederacy

Jefferson Davis: 1st and only

president of the Confederate

States of America.

Robert E. Lee: Commander of the

Confederacy’s Army of Northern

VA. Despite winning several

impressive victories, he eventually

surrendered to General Grant.

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: Confederate

general and right-hand man to Robert

E. Lee. Greatest victory at

Chancellorsville. Many believe the South would have

won the war had he lived to fight at Gettysburg.

First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)

• The 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), was the 1st battle of the Civil War, and a humiliating defeat for the Union.

• Had they been better organized, the Confederates could have invaded Washington, D.C. afterward, but they failed to pursue the retreating Union army and missed a golden opportunity.

• The battle proved that the war would be longer than expected and led Lincoln to adopt General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan.

http://youtu.be/HxDP6q6C5mE

The Anaconda Plan• Winfield Scott’s Anaconda

Plan involved surrounding the Confederacy and cutting off all supply lines, much like an anaconda wraps around its prey and squeezes the life out of it.

• It restricted southern trade and communications by seizing control of the Mississippi River, cutting the Confederacy in half, and instituted a naval blockade of the Confederate coastline

Battles of the Civil War Flip Chart

• Second Battle of Bull Run• Antietam• Chancellorsville• Gettysburg• Vicksburg• The Battle of Atlanta &

Sherman’s March to the Sea

• Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse

• Commanders- Union & Confederate

• Significant Info: strategies used, advantages & disadvantages of each side, new tech used, etc.

• Outcome: winner and casualties for each side.

Lincoln’s Political Struggles• Lincoln was glad that several slave states stayed in the Union, but he

realized that southern sympathizers were common in these areas. • If Maryland joined the Confederacy, the Union capital of Washington, D.C.

would be surrounded by Confederate territory. • Concerned that Maryland might secede, Lincoln declared martial law in

Maryland, and suspended the writ of habeas corpus (the guarantee that a person can’t be imprisoned w/o being brought before a judge) and jailed the strongest Confederate supporters.

• Lincoln also instated a draft, which was unpopular among the poor and immigrants (rich folks could avoid the draft by hiring a sub for $300.)

• Draft riots broke out in New York City, killing more than 100 people. • One group that was among Lincoln’s strongest opponents was the

Copperheads: Union Democrats who were Confederate sympathizers. • Copperhead encouraged draft resistance and made threats on Lincoln’s life.

First metal ships in world!

• Atlanta Burning- Sherman's March to the Sea

Emancipation and the War • On January 1, 1863, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation

Proclamation.• The Emancipation Proclamation freed all of the slaves in states

under Confederate control.• Although the proclamation did not bring an immediate end to

slavery, it promised that enslaved people would be free when the North won the war.

• Lincoln hoped to give the war a moral focus beyond just saving the Union.

• It also encouraged African Americans to serve in the Union army. Seeing their battle as one to free their own people from slavery , African Americans served notably in the war.

• Take the 54th Massachusetts for instance.

The 54th Regiment attack on Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863

The Gettysburg Address

• Four months after the Battle of Gettysburg, President Lincoln gave his famous Gettysburg Address at a ceremony dedicating a cemetery on the sight of the battlefield.

• It was a powerful affirmation of Lincoln’s desire to see the Union survive and the nation saved.

Gettysburg Address• that from these honored dead we take

increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

» Abe Lincoln

The Hardships of War

Medical Care• Approximately 25 percent of Civil War soldiers did not survive the

war. Disease killed many of them.• Poor nutrition and contaminated foods led to dysentery and typhoid

fever. Malaria and pneumonia were also killers.• A Union soldier was three times more likely to die in camp or in a

hospital than he was to be killed on the battlefield.• Some 4,000 women served as nurses for the Union army. By the

end of the war, nursing was no longer only a man’s profession.• Sanitation was non-existent. Rotting food and garbage littered the

ground. Human and animal waste polluted water supplies.

Chapter 11, Section 2

Life Behind the Lines– Assessment

What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? (A) The use of greenbacks(B) The law of contraband(C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas

corpus(D) The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to

join the military

Chapter 11, Section 2

Life Behind the Lines– Assessment

What legal measures were used to ensure loyalty to the Union? (A) The use of greenbacks(B) The law of contraband(C) The use of martial law and the suspension of the writ of habeas corpus(D) The Emancipation Proclamation and allowing African Americans to join

the military

Chapter 11, Section 2

Surrender at Appomattox• On April 2, 1865, Lee tried to slip around Grant’s army.

He planned to unite his troops with those of General Johnston. Lee hoped that together they would be able to continue the war.

• On April 9, 1865, Lee’s forces came to the Virginia town of Appomattox Court House. They were surrounded by a much larger Union force.

• Lee’s officers suggested that the army could scatter and continue to fight as guerrillas—soldiers who use surprise raids and hit-and-run tactics. Lee rejected this idea.

• That afternoon Generals Lee and Grant met in a private home. Lee surrendered, and the two men signed the surrender papers.

Chapter 11, Section 4

A New Birth of Freedom• The Thirteenth Amendment (abolished slavery) was

ratified by the states and became law in December 1865.“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

• Lincoln noted in his Second Inaugural Address that slavery had divided the nation, but he also laid the groundwork to “bind up the nation’s wounds.”

Chapter 11, Section 4

Chapter 11, Section 4 Civil War Deaths

Election of 1864 & Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address

• In an effort to defeat Lincoln and negotiate an end to the war, the Democrats nominated former Union general, George McClellan, for president.

• But Sherman’s capture of Atlanta 2 months before the election convinced everyone that Union victory was within reach, and Lincoln was elected for a second term.

• During his second inaugural address in March 1865, Lincoln condemned slavery, and expressed his hope for reuniting the nation once the war war over.

• He expressed his sorrow that both sides had suffered and communicated a vision of rebuilding the South rather than punishing it.

• Photos of Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

Lincoln Is Assassinated• Abraham Lincoln did not live to see the official end of the war.• Throughout the winter of 1864–1865, a group of Southern

conspirators in Washington, D.C., had plotted to kidnap Lincoln and exchange him for Confederate prisoners of war.

• After several unsuccessful attempts, their leader, John Wilkes Booth, assigned members of his group to assassinate top Union officials.

• On April 14, 1865, Booth shot President Lincoln while he was watching a play at Ford’s Theater.

• Booth was shot to death after he had fled from the theater and was found hiding in a tobacco barn.

• Lincoln’s funeral train took 14 days to travel from Washington, D.C., to his hometown of Springfield, Illinois.

Chapter 11, Section 4

Devastation and New Freedom– Assessment

Why did the South fear the election of Abraham Lincoln?a) They knew that Lincoln was an adamant supporter of

“popular sovereignty.”b) Lincoln had run on a platform of abolishing slavery throughout

the nation.c) Lincoln openly supported the Dred Scott decision. d) They feared that he would seek not only to prevent slavery in

new territories, but to end it in the South also.

What was the importance of the Thirteenth Amendment?(A) It brought an end to the Civil War.(B) It reunited the Union. (C) It established the terms of the Confederate surrender.(D) It ended slavery in the United States forever.

Chapter 11, Section 4

Assessment• How did Sherman’s taking Atlanta greatly impact the election of

1864? – A. It allowed Lincoln to suspend the write of habeas corpus in GA, thereby

assuring that only Lincoln’s supporters went to the polls. – B. It inspired faith in military generals, thereby leading to General McClellan

being nominated for president. – C. It assured people in the North that victory was in sight, thereby increasing the

popularity of President Lincoln and allowing him to win re-election. – D. It led to Lincoln’s defeat b/c he lost the support of Southerners whom

Sherman had abused. • It was a major turning point in the war that ended the South’s hoped

of successfully invading the North. In addition, many believe that had General “Stonewall” Jackson been alive the South would have won this battle, and quite possibly, the war. Which battle was it? – A. Gettysburg– B. Antietam– C. Vicksburg– D. Chancellorsville

Assessment

• What was the Emancipation Proclamation, what impact did it have on the role of African Americans in the Civil War, and why did it have this impact?

• Describe some of the advantages the Union had during the war and explain how they contributed to the Confederacy’s defeat.

Technology made Civil War . . .

The Monitor

More efficient and deadly

Vicksburg

Confederate Dead

Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

After four bloody years of civil war, the South was defeated.

Civil War ended when Lee surrendered to Grant at

APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE

Lincoln is assassinated

Questions?