THE CIVIL WAR Chapter 11. THE OPPOSING SIDES Ch 11 Sec 1.
-
Upload
roberto-sam -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
1
Transcript of THE CIVIL WAR Chapter 11. THE OPPOSING SIDES Ch 11 Sec 1.
THE CIVIL WAR
Chapter 11
THE OPPOSING SIDES
Ch 11 Sec 1
Objectives
Assess the strengths & weaknesses of each region’s economy.
Contrast the political situations of the Union & the Confederacy.
Choosing Sides
o Robert E. Lee was senior officer with the US Army.
o Virginia seceded he stayed true to his state.
o 1/3 of the Union’s military officers chose the Confederacy
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
UNION ADVANTAGES
-More than 2X railroad- larger population-More $ in banks-Functioning government- Strong navy
CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES
-Better military leaders (7 out of 8 military colleges in the South)-Defensive war-did not have to win, just not lose-Better soldiers
Industry & Agriculture- North Made most of
the nations clothing
Most pig iron Most firearms
factories All gunpowder
Industry & Agriculture- South
One foundry that could produce iron (Tredegar Iron Works)
No facility for gunpowder
Produce all its own food, but couldn’t distribute it
Only one east/west rail line (Memphis to Chattanooga)
Discussion
What military advantages did the North and South have at the start of the war?
Financing the War North controlled national treasury, tariffs, & could easily
borrow $. Many people took gold & silver out of banks, so Congress
passes Legal Tender Act- created a national currency (paper $)“greenback”
Financing the War
Southern economy was bad, & got worse as the war continued
Southern planters were in debt & couldn’t buy bonds
Financing the War
South had to tax citizens- people refused to pay
South had to print paper $ to pay bills- caused inflation
Discussion
What financial advantages did the North have over the South?
NORTHERN POLITICS
Party Politics
Many Republicans were abolitionists Lincoln wanted to preserve Union, no
matter what
My paramount objective in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. ~Abraham Lincoln
Party Politics
2 groups in Democrat Party- War Democrats-
supported the war & restore the Union and preserve slavery
Copperheads (Peace Democrats) opposed war, reunite peacefully.
Party Politics
Conscription- forcing people into military service (the draft)
Democrats opposed the draft, Republicans supported it
Party Politics
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus for anyone that openly criticized the war effort or supported the South
Discussion
Who did Lincoln suspend habeas corpus for?
DIPLOMATIC CHALLENGES
Relations with Europe
USA did not want Europe to interfere or recognize the CSA
Wanted Europe to honor blockade
Relations with Europe
CSA wanted recognition Wanted British Navy to break blockade Europe (especially England) needed
Southern cotton Fr. & GB both promised to recognize CSA
and give aide IF they won a major battle
Discussion
At the outbreak of the war, what did Confederates want from Europeans?
FIRST MODERN WAR
Military Technology & Tactics Military firsts:
Submarine (Hunley) Machine gun (Gatling gun) Trench warfare (Petersburg)
Military Technology & Tactics Military leaders
organized soldiers into tight columns
Concentrate fire When troops
got close, they charged with bayonets
Military Technology & Tactics
New guns invented More accurate at
greater ranges Defensive tactics
changed Defenders got in
trenches or behind barricades
High casualties
Southern Strategy
War of Attrition- wear North down Didn’t have to win, just not lose
Union Strategy
Blockaded the South Send gunboats down Mississippi River to
divide South “Anaconda Plan”
Discussion
Why was the Confederate’s defensive war of attrition unsuccessful?